Introduction to Greek and Roman History
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Transcript of Introduction to Greek and Roman History
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Introduction to Greek and Roman History
Lecture 1
Before the Polis:Homer and the “Dark Ages”
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Luca Asmonti
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Roma Aeterna
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The image of the perfect ruler - I
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The image of the perfect ruler - II
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The seat of authority
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The seat of authority
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What does ancient evidence tell us?
1. A copy of Thucydides
2. A funerary stele from Attica
4. An Attic drinking cup (kylix)
3. Account of expenditure for the organisation of festivals
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The problem with Greek identity
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What was Greek? A map of the Greek world
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Olympic states
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What was Greek? Homer
Homer
•Supposed author of Iliad and Odyssey, set in a semi-mythical “Bronze Age”•If he actually existed as a single individual, flourished between 750-730 B.C.•Wrote in the Ionian dialect
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The Greek world at the time of the Trojan WarThe end of the Bronze Age
Chronology
• 1184 B.C. (Eratosthenes)• 1209/8 B.C. (Parian Marble)
• 1250 B.C. (Herodotus)• 1334/3 B.C. (Douris).
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Heinrich Schliemann, 1822-1890• 1873-1874:Discovered the site of ancient Troy on the hill of Hissarlik (Turkey).• 1876-1877: Discovered the site of ancient Mycenae.
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What we know about the Bronze Age
Mycenae, Lion’s Gate
Mycenae, Agamemnon’s mask
Palace of Cnossos
Palace of Cnossos
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What we know about the Bronze Age: Cnossos
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What we know about the Bronze Age: Mycenae
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What we know about the Bronze Age: Mycenae
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Main centres of the Minoan-Mycenaean world
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What we know about the Bronze Age
Linear A Linear B
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Mycenaean society
• Wanax: “divine lord”; political, military, religious leader.• Lawagetas: leader of the army.• Telestai: “landowners”.• Koretes: governor• Prokoretes: vice-governor.
• Damos: the people.
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The Greek world after the collapse of the palaces
• Social-political system collapses.
• Population decreases.• Linear B disappears.• New form of burial (cremation
instead of inhumation).• Protogeometric pottery.
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The dawn of a new world: Achilles’ shield
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The dawn of a new world: Achilles’ shield