Introduction to Graphics Communication Sketching.pdf

Fall2005- ENGR 3200U 1

Introduction to Graphics CommunicationSketching


Graphics CommunicationAn effective means of communicating technical ideas and problem solutions

What are Engineering Activities:

A total view of Engineering divided into its major activities

Engineering is 92% graphically based!!The other 8% is divided between mathematics,

written and verbal communications


Engineering Design ProcessConcept

(Conceptual solution for a problem)

Visualization(See the problem and the possible solution)

Sketch(Record initial idea)

Geometric Model(Modeling for Engineering analysis)

Detail Drawings(Precise data needed for production process)

This is how the engineers and technologists

communicate as the design a new product


Engineering Design Process

A new product is designed for a specific

task and within specified parameters

Just imagine trying to communicate all the necessary details for

manufacturing of a jet aircraft verbally or in writhing


Graphics in the Design Process

Technical Graphics is a real complete language used in the design process for:

1-Visualization

Multi-view drawing of a

journal bearing

Only experienced user can interpret the various line, arcs and other entities to get a

clear mental picture of what

this part looks like

Ability to mentally picture things that do not exist


Graphics in the Design Process2- Communication

A refined 3D model of a bicycle used to

communicate the design without ambiguity

Ability to communicate with other activities


Graphics in the Design Process

This Finite Element model is used in the

analysis of a new design for an automotive shock assembly to determine

where the maximum stress and strain occur when the part is under varying load condition

Input for Engineering Analysis2-


Graphics in the Design Process3- Documentation

A detailed drawing used in documentation

process

Ability to permanently record the solution


Traditional Design Process

Technical graphics is used through this

process to document the solutions

Traditionally, the design process is a linear activity consisting of six major phases

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Design Process in Concurrent Engineering (CE)

The overlapping circles indicate the designing concurrently is an integrated activity involving many people.

CE gets everyone involved in the design process, including customer.

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Computer Aided Design (CAD)

CAD database, which is represented as graphics, provides technical information not only to the engineers on the design team, but also to the other teams

CAD is computer software and hardware that replace traditional hand tools in creating model and technical drawing

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Standard & ConventionsThe language of graphics has been used for thousands of years; The effectiveness of the Graphics in the modern times is due to the establishment of the standards

Example of drawing conventions:Dashed lines are used to represent hidden features

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Standard & ConventionsDimensioned mechanical drawing using ASME Y14.5M-1994 StandardsGeometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing (GD&T)

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The alphabet of linesASME standard line

types used in engineering

drawings

ASME Y14.2M-1992

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PencilsHard grad leads range from 4H to 9H;The higher the number, the harder the lead (Construction lines)

Medium grad leads are 3H, 2H, H, F, HB and B(General purpose, sketching)

Soft grad leads range from 2B to 7B (higher number represents softer grade)(Artworks)

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Steps in reading the Scale

"

16

91

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Metric Scale for SI units1=25.4 mm

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SketchingSketching is an important method of quickly communicating design ideas; therefore, learning to sketch is necessary for any person working in a technical field

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Technical SketchingA rough sketching can be made to capture a design idea quickly

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Multi-view SketchingMulti-view is used by engineers to communicate technical information

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Pictorial sketchingPictorial sketching is used to communicate in a form that is easy to visualize

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Freehand sketching toolsPencilsEraserPapers; grid papers; square grid papers, isometric

grid papers

Common density: 4 to 10 lines per inch

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CAD sketching tools

Sketching softwareRaster to vector software

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Sketching techniques

Seeing Imagining. RepresentationSketching is based on the interactive process of seeing, imaging and representation

A pattern seeking Process

Perception Process

Recording Process

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Pattern seeking Process

Head of an older woman of profile of a

younger woman

Vase or profiles facing each other

Ambiguity

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Pattern seeking Process

Follow the path of the water!

Optical illusion

Different interpretation of the same object

Hexagonal like

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The most fundamental element to creating sketch is the line or the outline of the object

Contour sketching of a stapler made without looking at the paper

Contour sketching of a stapler made while looking at the paper


Contour Sketching

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Concentrate on the space between or around the object and not the object itself


Negative Space Sketching

Negative space

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A good practice to improve your sketching.Help to concentrate on shape and form of the object and not the names of the parts


Upside-Down Sketching

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Grid paper is used to scale an object

A proportion is the ratio between any to dimensions of an object.

Drawing construction lines at the first step of sketching guides a sketch overall shape and proportion.


Proportions and Construction Lines

Construction lines are used to draw diagonals which can be used for a new square

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ANSI standards suggest the use of single-stroke Gothic characters for maximum readability

Lettering

Legibility is the most important issue

Inclined or vertical Gothic text styleAll Capital LettersUse 1/8 (3mm) for most text heightUse 1/4 (6mm) for height of fractionsMinimum line space by taking the text height and dividing it by 3

Our Lettering Standard in this Course

Slide Number 1Slide Number 2Slide Number 3Slide Number 4Slide Number 5Slide Number 6Slide Number 7Slide Number 8Slide Number 9Slide Number 10Slide Number 11Slide Number 12Slide Number 13Slide Number 14Slide Number 15Slide Number 16Slide Number 17Slide Number 18Slide Number 19Slide Number 20Slide Number 21Slide Number 22Slide Number 23Slide Number 24Slide Number 25Slide Number 26Slide Number 27Slide Number 28Slide Number 29Slide Number 30Slide Number 31

Introduction to Graphics Communication Sketching.pdf

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Transcript of Introduction to Graphics Communication Sketching.pdf