INTRODUCTION TO GPS (GLOBAL POSITIONING...
Transcript of INTRODUCTION TO GPS (GLOBAL POSITIONING...
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INTRODUCTION TO GPS(GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM)
Revised April 8, 2013
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What is GPS?The Global Positioning System (GPS)
A Constellation of Earth-Orbiting Satellites Maintained by the US Department of Defense for the Purpose of Defining Geographic Positions On and Above the Surface of the Earth. It consists of 3 Segments:
Control Segment
Space Segment
User Segment
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The Current locational position is
Transmitted to the User from GPS
Satellites
End User
User Segment
4 satellites are required tosolve for x, y, z
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User Segment (Continued...)
• Dual Use System (civil & military) started 1985
• Hundreds of receivers on the market • 3 billion in sales, double in 2 years• 95% of current users are civilian
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Control Segment
Master Control Station
5 Monitor Stations3 Ground Antennas
ColoradoSprings
Hawaii AscensionIslands
DiegoGarcia
Kwajalein
Monitor and Control
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Space Segment
• 24+ satellites– 6 planes – Each plane has 4-5
satellites– 20,200 Km altitude– 1 revolution each 12
Hrs– Speed 11,200 Km/H
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How the System Works
Space Segment24+ Satellites
The Current locational position is Transmitted to UsersMonitor
Stations• Diego Garcia• Ascension Island• Kwajalein • Hawaii• Colorado Springs
GPS Control Colorado Springs
End User
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GPS Satellites
• First GPS satellite launched in 1978
• Full constellation achieved in 1994
• Satellites built to last about 10 years
• Approximately 2,000 pounds
• Transmitter power is only 50 watts or less
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Satellites Clocks
• Each satellite carries around four clocks
• Cost around $500,000 each• Accuracy: plus/minus a second
over more than 30,000 years!!
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Common Uses for GPS
• Land, Sea and Air Navigation and Tracking
• Surveying / Mapping
• Recreational Uses
• Military Applications
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Precise Positioning System (PPS)
• Authorized users ONLY
• U. S. and Allied military
• Requires cryptographic equipment, specially equipped receivers
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Standard Positioning Service (SPS)
• Available to all users• Accuracy degraded by
Selective Availability– Intentional degradation of
GPS accuracy by DoD– Horizontal Accuracy: 100 m– Vertical Accuracy: 160 m– Accounted for most error in
standard GPS
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• SPS now has roughly same accuracy as PPS, through 2 Methods to reduce Error:
Differential GPS: down to +/- 6 m
Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS): down to +/- 3 m
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Thanks for Listening
Any Questions?
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