Introduction To GIS
-
Upload
rahim-foreman -
Category
Documents
-
view
23 -
download
0
description
Transcript of Introduction To GIS
![Page 1: Introduction To GIS](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56812d52550346895d925584/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
IntroductionIntroductionToToGISGIS
with Gary Johnsonwith Gary Johnson
![Page 2: Introduction To GIS](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56812d52550346895d925584/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
WHAT IS GIS ?
What examples did you find ?
![Page 3: Introduction To GIS](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56812d52550346895d925584/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Introduction To GIS](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56812d52550346895d925584/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Introduction To GIS](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56812d52550346895d925584/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Introduction To GIS](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56812d52550346895d925584/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Introduction To GIS](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56812d52550346895d925584/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
G I SG I SAn organized collection ofAn organized collection of
computer hardware, software,computer hardware, software,geographic data, and personnelgeographic data, and personneldesigned to efficiently capture,designed to efficiently capture,
store, update, manipulate,store, update, manipulate,analyze, and display all formsanalyze, and display all formsof geographically referencedof geographically referenced
information.information.
![Page 8: Introduction To GIS](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56812d52550346895d925584/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
GG
II
SS
GGeographiceographic: A locationlocation somewhere on , above, or below the Earth.(Spatial data)
IInformationnformation:Qualities or attributesattributes of a geographic location.(non-Spatial data)
SSystemystem:ToolsTools used to develop,query, and displaygeographic information.
![Page 9: Introduction To GIS](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56812d52550346895d925584/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
G I SG I SWhat is it ?What is it ?
It is a process which looks at the relationships
between layerslayers of geographic information
![Page 10: Introduction To GIS](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56812d52550346895d925584/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
G I SG I Sis a process
which looks at the relationshipsof layers by asking
questionsquestions questionsquestions questions:questions:Who is within a distance of...Who is within a distance of...
What would happen if...What would happen if...When was the last time...When was the last time...
Where is a specific location of...Where is a specific location of...How far from one location to another...How far from one location to another...
How many occurrences of an event are How many occurrences of an event are within a distance of a location.within a distance of a location.
![Page 11: Introduction To GIS](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56812d52550346895d925584/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Examples of GIS questions askedExamples of GIS questions asked
Desert Game RangeDesert Game RangeWhat is the total area of industrial minerals ?What is the total area of industrial minerals ?
Potential Radon HazardPotential Radon HazardWhere are the potential radon hazards ?Where are the potential radon hazards ?
Earthquake ScenarioEarthquake ScenarioWhat would happen in Reno if a 7.1What would happen in Reno if a 7.1 earthquake happened on theearthquake happened on the Carson Valley Fault rangeCarson Valley Fault rangeEarthquake EventEarthquake Event
How many events happened in 1976How many events happened in 1976
![Page 12: Introduction To GIS](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56812d52550346895d925584/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Layers of geographicallyreferenced data
![Page 13: Introduction To GIS](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56812d52550346895d925584/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
An organized collection of computer hardwaresoftware, geographic data, and personnel designedto efficiently capture, store, update, manipulate,analyze, and display all forms of geographicallyreferenced information.
WH
AT
IS A
G
IS ?
![Page 14: Introduction To GIS](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56812d52550346895d925584/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Key Terms
ARC
Node
Vertex
Pseudonode
Danglingnode
Label
User-ID
Tic
![Page 15: Introduction To GIS](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56812d52550346895d925584/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
A layerlayer is a theme of various featuresfeatures:
LAYERSLAYERS
Locations (points)(points) + ++
Lines (arcs)(arcs)
Areas (polygons)(polygons)
Images (raster)(raster)TIFF DEM Grids
An x,y valueAn x,y value
A series of x,y locationsA series of x,y locations
A closed series of x,y locationsA closed series of x,y locations
VE
CT
OR
RA
ST
ER
![Page 16: Introduction To GIS](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56812d52550346895d925584/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
G I SG I SWhat is it ?What is it ?
It is a process which looks at the relationships
between layerslayers of geographic information
![Page 17: Introduction To GIS](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56812d52550346895d925584/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Topology (Relationships)
A mathematical procedure for explicitly defining spatial relationships
Three major topological concepts:Three major topological concepts:
Arcs connect to each other at nodes Arcs connect to each other at nodes ((connectivityconnectivity))
Arcs that connect to surround an area define a polygon Arcs that connect to surround an area define a polygon ((area definitionarea definition))
Arcs have direction and left and right sides Arcs have direction and left and right sides ((contiguitycontiguity))
![Page 18: Introduction To GIS](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56812d52550346895d925584/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Introduction To GIS](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56812d52550346895d925584/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Feature Class - PointsFeature Class - Points
An x,y locationAn x,y location
X
Y
![Page 20: Introduction To GIS](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56812d52550346895d925584/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
X
Y
Feature Class - LineFeature Class - Line
A series of x,y locationsA series of x,y locations
![Page 21: Introduction To GIS](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56812d52550346895d925584/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Feature Class - Area (polygons)Feature Class - Area (polygons)
A series of x,y locations that are closedA series of x,y locations that are closed
X
Y
![Page 22: Introduction To GIS](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56812d52550346895d925584/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Introduction To GIS](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56812d52550346895d925584/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Arcs connect to each other at nodes.
10
![Page 24: Introduction To GIS](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56812d52550346895d925584/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Arcs that connect to surround an area define a polygon
![Page 25: Introduction To GIS](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56812d52550346895d925584/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Arcs have direction and left and right sides
![Page 26: Introduction To GIS](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56812d52550346895d925584/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Announcements:Announcements:
ArcView or ArcGIS is availableArcView or ArcGIS is available(somewhere around)(somewhere around)
$300.00 for each module$300.00 for each module
Call E.S.R.I. 1-800-447-9778Call E.S.R.I. 1-800-447-9778you will need to fax your class scheduleyou will need to fax your class schedule