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Introduction to Geologic CO2 Storage and the Illinois Basin
Transcript of Introduction to Geologic CO2 Storage and the Illinois Basin
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Robert J. FinleyMidwest Geological Sequestration Consortium
Illinois State Geological Survey
University of Illinois, USA
RECS-2012
Birmingham, Alabama
6 June 2012
A 1-Million Tonne Demonstration of Carbon
Sequestration from a Biofuel Source:
The Illinois Basin - Decatur Project (IBDP)
Introduction to Geologic Storage
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The Midwest Geological Sequestration Consortium is funded by the U.S. Department ofEnergy through the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) via the Regional CarbonSequestration Partnership Program (contract number DE-FC26-05NT42588) and by a cost
share agreement with the Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity,Office of Coal Development through the Illinois Clean Coal Institute.
The Midwest Geological Sequestration Consortium (MGSC) is a collaboration led by thegeological surveys of Illinois, Indiana, and Kentucky
Landmark Graphics software via University Donation Program and cost share plus Petrelsoftware via Schlumberger Carbon Services
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Capture CO2 at asource
Compress it and putit in a pipeline
Put it into a sink,or subsurface
storage site
Source
Sink
Pipeline
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Reservoir
Seal
Shale Seal
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So what is successfulstorage?No CO2 leaks to endanger man or the environment around the storage site, no migration of CO 2
where not expected, and no leaks of other subsurface fluids
Storage requires capacity, injectivity, and containmentwhich are based on characteristics ofthe geologic framework into which the CO2 is injected for storage
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Sand grain
Pore space
CO2 Storage in Sandstone Reservoir Pore Space
Pin head
The porosity of a reservoir providesthe storage space while the
permeability allows fluid flow to beinjected into the reservoirpores.
Capacity and Injectivity
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Containing CO2 in the reservoir is a function of a seal or caprock above thereservoir that has low permeability (and typically low porosity, as well) such as ashale, low-permeability siltstone or limestone, or a bedded salt
Fractures in a rock mayprovide CO2 migration pathways, as mayfaults, surfacesacross which rocks are offset, or broken
The orientation of faults and/orfractures can often be predicted
from the geologic history of a region
Normal fault
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Pin headNo pore space visible
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The act of characterizingTo describe the qualities or peculiarities of--- Websters Dictionary
The CO2 can be captured from the sourceThe CO2 can be delivered to the siteSite geology is suitable to meet criteria of capacity, injectivity, and containmentPublic engagement and acceptance can be gained to enable the projectPermit requirements can be successfully met
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Staff with diverse expertise necessaryOrganizational focus to define key components:Requires a reservoir-seal system
Requires a site to access the systemMust meet a regulatory frameworkMust identify the source of CO2 (volume, quality)
Integrated teams must be developed
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GeologyReservoir engineeringHydrologyGeochemistryGeophysicsPermittingCommunications and outreachPetrophysicsRisk assessment
Drilling and well completionChemical engineeringMechanical engineeringSurveying and photogrammetryGeographic Information Systems
(GIS)
Project management, operations, andbusiness
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A collaboration of the Midwest GeologicalSequestration Consortium, the ArcherDaniels Midland Company (ADM),Schlumberger Carbon Services, and othersubcontractors to inject 1 million metrictons of anthropogenic carbon dioxide at adepth of 7,000 +/- ft (2,000 +/- m) totest geological carbon sequestration in asaline reservoirat a site in Decatur,Illinois
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IBDP fully operational 24/7IBDP is the first 1 million tonne
carbon capture and storage project
from a biofuel facility in the US
Injection through fall 2014Intensive post-injection monitoring
under MGSC through fall 2017
Cumulative Injection (6/1/12):169,148 tonnes
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IBDP is the first demonstration-scale (1 million tonne) US project to use carbon dioxide (CO 2)from an industrial source within the DOE Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (RCSP)program
IBDP is a fully integrated demonstration, from a compression- dehydration facility and a shortpipeline to delivery of supercritical CO2 to a three-well injection and observation system on anintensely monitored site
IBDP is the product of four years of effort, from date of funding to CO2 in the reservoir,including site characterization, permitting, 5,424 m (17,900 ft) of drilling, reservoir geology,engineering, and geophysics, risk assessment, outreach, and baseline monitoring
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Mt. Simon Sandstone
Eau Claire Shale
Illinois Basin
Stratigraphic
Column
Maquoketa Shale
New Albany Shale
Mississippian sandstone and carbonate oil reservoirs
St. Peter Sandstone
Pennsylvanian coal seams
reservoir
seal
back-up seals
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Nemec, 1992
Project Description: Geology
Brahmaputra River System
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MGSC Injection and geophone wells
MGSC monitoring well
0.5 mile
photo by Illinois Dept. of Transportation, 8 November 2010
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A
B
C
D
n A Dehydration/compression facilitylocation
n B Pipeline route (1.9 km)n C Injection well siten D Verification/ monitoring
well site
n E Geophone well
800 m
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
E
800 m
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Soil flux
Groundwater
Eddy Covariance
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Verification well rig on site
Injection well
Twenty-one artificial reflectors
installed in updip plume direction
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Top of
CO2
InjectionPerforations
RST*Log
7,000
6,900
6,800
7,100
Logged March 1, 2012 with ~75,000 tonnes
metric tons injected from Schlumberger Carbon Services
*Reservoir Saturation Tool
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Injection Well
Geophone in special carrier
strapped to 3.5 inch (8.9 cm)
tubing
3,500 ft (1,060m) well with 31
geophonescemented intouncased holeon tubing string
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Baseline 2 Image Monitor 1 Image Difference Image
Shown above in the left two panels is a west-east image section Rightmost panel is the difference of the two The input to migration is the processed and cross-equalized, notch
filtered upgoing data
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Offset (ft)-1000 -500 500 10000
Depth(
ft)
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
-1000 -500 500 10000 -1000 -500 500 10000
from Schlumberger Carbon Services
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VSP well
Injection well
Verification well
NRMS computed between5000-5500 ft (1524-1677 m) depth
NRMS computed between6950-7100 ft (2119-2165 m) depth
-200
0
200
400
600
800
0-400 400-800 800
-200
0
200
400
600
800
0-400 400-800 800
NRMS0
14
27
41
55
69
82
96
110
0
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27
41
55
69
82
96
110
NRMS
Preliminary Analysis
from Schlumberger Carbon Services
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P port
samplingport
Nine Sampling Levels In theMount Simon Sandstone
Two Sampling LevelsAbove the Eau Claire Shale
Two Fluid Sample SetsCollected Preinjection
*Mark of Schlumberger
November 2010
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June-August 2011
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Constituent Shallow
Groundwater
Ironton-
Galesville
Mt. Simon
(injection
formation)
Conductivity (mS/cm) 1.5 80 170
TDS (mg/L) 1,000 65,600 190,000
Cl- (mg/L) 170 36,900 120,000
Br- (mg/L) 1 180 680
Alkalinity (mg/L) 380 130 80
Na+ (mg/L) 140 17,200 50,000
Ca2+ (mg/L) 100 5,200 19,000
K+ (mg/L) 1 520 1,700
Mg2+ (mg/L) 50 950 1,800
pH (units) 7.2 6.9 5.9
Shallow groundwater(16 well average)
Ironton-Galesville(2 zone average; swabonly)
Mt. Simon(9 zone average)
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CO2 in Annulus
Westbay Zones
CO2 in Reservoir
Non-CO2 FluidMovement
from Schlumberger Carbon Services
3
2
Westbay Zones 2 and 3equivalent to lower and upperperforations, respectively
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1.21 MPa (175 psi) increase
at level of perforations
100 m above perforations
33 m above perforations
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
450,000
500,000
2900
2950
3000
3050
3100
3150
3200
3250
3300
3350
3400
MetricTonnes
Pressure,psi
IllinoisBasinDecaturProject
PressuredataasobservedinVerificationWell#1(VW1)
VW1is1000ftfromInjectionWellCCS#1
Perf_Z2_Pressure
Perf_Z3_Pressure
Perf_Z4_Pressure
Perf_Z5_Pressure
Perf_Z6_Pressure
CumulativeInjection(tons)
Plottedpressure dataisbasedonaveragesforeachday.
1.21 MPa (175 psi) increaseat level of perforations
33 m above perforations
100 m above perforationsfrom Schlumberger CarbonServices multilevelgroundwatercharacterization andmonitoring system
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Injection Well
Verification
Well
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Precambrian High
Valley eroded into Precambrian
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InjectionWell
VerificationWell
Mount Simon SandstoneDeposition on Pre-existingTopography(4.3 m [14 ft] depth steps)
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Two of the 4-Component geophonesare within the Mt. Simon, the third ispositioned above the caprock
(Eau Claire Shale).
Ground Level
24 levels of the 3-Component geophonesare collecting microseismic data.Active Levels are 8 to 31.
Inactive, are levels 1 to 7, not shown.
TD= 7236 feet MDGranite Wash
(Base of the Mt. Simon)
Top of the Mt. SimonSandstone
St. PeterSandstone
GeophysicalWell #1
With OYO 3Cgeophones
VerificationWell #1
ADM CCS #1 (Injectionwell)
With PS3 OYO 4C
geophones
Perforation Zone Within the Mt.Simon
2
3
1
3130
29
8
~ 675 ft msl
From Schlumberger Carbon Services
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1Schlumberger PS3 System
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Min -3.85
Max -1.73Diff 2.12
Avg. -3.213465784
STD 0.348842139
ft
from Schlumberger Carbon
Services
23
1
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Injection Well with Sensorsfrom Schlumberger Carbon Services
Preliminary Analysis
1
3 2
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courtesy Schlumberger Carbon Services
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Reservoir Model: Eclipse 2011.2 20 20 mile coverage ~ 3M Cells, 143 143 148 Cell Horizontal Dimensions are from
5 ft and 50 ft at wells to 1500 ft atthe model boundaries
Cell Vertical Dimensions from 3 ft to30 ft
Infinite acting boundary conditions
Reservoir Model Static Modelfrom Schlumberger Carbon Services
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March 2012
from Schlumberger Carbon Services
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2013
from Schlumberger Carbon Services
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2014
from Schlumberger Carbon Services
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IBDP
IBDP
IL-ICCS
IL-ICCS
Injection
Verification
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(IL ICCS) Project will Prove CCS at Scale Commercial scale operations of one million metric tons
per year will be achieved
Will build on the leading-edge technology of the IllinoisBasin - Decatur Project by expanding injected volumes
Will add an education and training component throughRichland Community College, National SequestrationEducation Center
IBDP and IL ICCS will be a first in the world to assess twoinjected carbon dioxide plumes in the same reservoirthat resemble volumes derived from a commercial coal-
fired power plant
20192017
IBDP
IL-ICCS
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MIDWEST CARBON
SEQUESTRATION
2012
SCIENCECONFERENCEThe Midwest Geological SequestrationConsortium (MGSC), one of the USDepartment of Energy RegionalCarbon SequestrationPartnerships, the SequestrationTraining and EducationProgram (STEP), andSchlumberger CarbonServices are hosting aknowledge sharingevent at the IllinoisBasin-DecaturProject (IBDP).
This 2day event features:
A full day of presentations on the IBDP1-million tonne saline reservoir injectiondemonstration, including geology,geophysics, environmentalmonitoring, outreach/education, andcompression/infrastructure. A visit to the
Project site at the Archer Daniels MidlandCompany in Decatur, Illinois will be offered.
A STEP developed educational opportunitywill be available to all attending.
Networking opportunities including anopening mixer, conference reception anddinner, and meeting lunches.
September 17 19 2012Champaign, IL USA
SAVE THE DATE!
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Midwest GeologicalSequestration Consortium
Photo credits: Daniel Byers