Introduction to Geography Geography 7 Cardinals!.
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Transcript of Introduction to Geography Geography 7 Cardinals!.
Introduction to Geography
Geography 7
Cardinals!
The Global World
N. America
S. America
Africa
ASIA
Europe
Antarctica
Australia
Atlantic Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Indian Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Artic Ocean
Southern Ocean
The New Global World – Region
N. AmericaEurope
Antarctica
Atlantic Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Indian Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Artic Ocean
Southern Ocean
Modern Middle East
Sub-SaharaAfrica
Europe
Russia and Eurasian Republic
S. Asia
N. America
S.America
E. Asia
S. E. Asia
M. America
Australia
Oceania
Geography is the study of everything on Earth, from rocks and rainfall to people and places.
Geographers study how the natural environment influences people, how people’s activities affect Earth, and how the world is changing.
Geographer’s must look at many different things, including cities, cultures, population, political, economical, natural resources, and the physical environment.
Geographer’s focus on “where” things are and “why” they are there
Geographer’s organize materials by place, because they understand that something happening at one place can result from something that happened elsewhere and can affect conditions at other places
What is Geography?
Misconceptions of geography: Merely memorizing lists of countries and state capitals Studying rocks and soil Looking at maps and pictures of faraway places
Section I
What is Geography?
The word geography, invented by the ancient Greek scholar Eratosthenes. Geography is based on two Greek words, Geo meaning “Earth” and graphy meaning “to write”.
Geography is one of the oldest human activities. An early geographic activity was as simple as a man
taking a journey – deep into the jungle or desert, climbing a hill or mountain or merely crossing a river and inform his/her fellow tribesmen of what was on the other side.
Today everyone uses geography in some form – drawing a map to their house, watching the weather channel and even judging migration.
History of Geography
The Six Essential Elements1. The World in Spatial Terms: Dividing the World into
manageable sizes.
ContinentsOceansGridsHemispheres
N. America
S. America
Africa
ASIA
Europe
Antarctica
Australia
Atlantic Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Indian Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Artic Ocean
The Six Essential ElementsThe world in Spatial Terms includes Location (Where a
place is.) Location can be described two ways:1. Absolute Location: The exact location on the
Earth. This is determined by using the imaginary geographic grid of parallels (lines of latitude) and meridians (lines of longitude).
Section I
Equator Equator
Prime Meridian
The Six Essential ElementsThe Second way Location can be described is in
terms of
2.Relative Location: It is merely a reference to a place by using a more familiar location.
Example: Next to Publix, On Wickham, in Florida, Off the Coast of Florida, three houses down on the left
Section I
2. Places and Regions: a. Places: the description of the characteristics
(human or physical) of a location. Such as landforms, climate, animal life, human
population. b. Regions: A number of places united that have one
or more common characteristic. Rocky Mountains, tornado alley, The West
Coast, The Great Plains
The Six Essential Elements
Section I
2. Places and Regions:
The Six Essential Elements
Section I
3. Physical Systems: All the physical activity of the environment.
Flooding, earthquakes, mountains, rivers, volcanoes, and weather patterns.
The Six Essential Elements
4. Human Systems: People are central to geography. Our activities, movements and settlements shape Earth’s surface.
Farming vs ranching Migration patterns Wars Governments Religions
Movement-People move for many reasons including new jobs, to attend special schools, to be closer to family, to move away from a place (Dust Bowl), or to move to a place (Gold Rush)
The movement of ideas or behaviors from one place to another is called diffusion.
The Six Essential Elements
5. Environment and Society: Human-Environment Interaction Geographers study how people and their surroundings affect each other
6.Geographers study how humans depend on their physical environment to survive
7.Geographers study how humans change their behavior to be better suited to an environment
8.How humans change the environment
Flooding Farming Hurricane Katrina The Dust Bowl
The Six Essential Elements
6. The uses of geography: Putting it all together. Analyzing past events to help us prevent future events.
Developing transportations networks Migration
The Six Essential Elements
Everyone! We use it by finding our way to a new place – a
friend, restaurant, amusement park When we watch the news – Israel invades Lebanon Planning a vacation What to wear – shorts vs pants, jacket, sunglasses Athletes – winds, sun, rain, temperature, slope of the
field Professions:
Cartographers – the study of maps and mapmaking, maps are an essential part of geography
Meteorology – the study of weather, forecasting Government – FBI, CIA military study countries
cultures and physical characteristics Teachers – develop new geographers
Who Uses Geography
Section I