Introduction to FutureEnergy Information NetworksFrank EliassenProfessor of distributed systems and energy informatics,University of Oslo

Energy Information Networks: Concerned with leveraging information and communication technology to achieve sustainable energy useEnergy ICT

Manage energy more sustainably

More sustainablecomputer systems

3. Sept 2018

Why Energy Information Networks?

• Future energy grids will be immensely large and complex cyber-physical systems that will need advanced ICT monitoring, control and energy management solutions in all parts of the power system.

• It is important to increase the knowledge base on how and where techniques from ICT can be applied to create a sustainable energy future

3. Sept 2018

5

Aggregator

TSO

Wholesale electricity markets

(energy, reserve, etc.)

DSO

Conventional genco

Business Level

Retailer

Large business

Cyber Level

Renewablegenco

Consumer

cash flow

data flow

Cyber-Physical Energy System

Physical Level

Prosumer

Sustainable energy use

• What is sustainable energy use?

• Sustainable development is the kind of development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. *

• Sustainable energy use is the kind of energy use that meets the energy needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own energy needs.

*Coined by Brundtland Commission, 19873. Sept 2018

Sustainable energy use electrification

• Fossil fuel > 80% of worlds energy consumption• And demand for energy services increases

• Fossil fuel must be replaced (climate and local environment)

• Sustainable biofuel can (probably) only cover a small share of the demand. What is the alternative?

• Energy efficiency + zero emission electricity• The world need to ramp up energy efficiency improvements• Renewable electricity + nuclear power where it is accepted• Also: solar heating, geo thermal, sustainable bio energy

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Energy revolution:huge reduction in costs*

8

3. Sept 2018 * Bloomberg, 2016

The critical balancing of the power grid• Frequency of AC 50Hz –

only minor deviations allowed. Nordic

• Voltage must be kept within acceptable limits. Local

• More challenging to maintain the balance with larger fraction of variable and stochastic energy resources from wind and solar

Production Consumption

6 0 H z U S A /C a n a d a

5 0 H z E u ro p a /C h in a

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Role of Information Technology• Reduce energy consumption

– Analyze energy consumption – Actively avoid wasting energy by intelligent

automatic control • Enable further electrification

– Replace over-provisioning with intelligent control – Enable electric heating and mobility

• Enable deep renewable integration – Help to make electricity demand more flexible – Enable intelligent control of flexible loads and energy

storage • Assess the impact of technology

deployment – Simulate impact of renewables, energy storage, and

energy-saving technology

3. May 2018

Smart Grid*• Smart grid is the future

grid that integrates a reliable and efficient cyber infrastructure that adds intelligence to the power grid to enable– cost-effective, reliable &

secure grid automation– user-responsiveness– efficient control of demand

data networkpower network

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* NIST Conceptual Model for Smart Grid

Relevance of Smart Grids• Increasing penetration of variable

renewable energy sources like wind and solar

• Paradigm shift from demand-following supply to supply-following demand and energy storage

• Need for new large-scale information system infrastructure to control demand and energy storage (à cf. Cyber-Physical Energy System)

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Smart Grid from an ICT perspective

B ased on S ource : E IT IC T Labs - Fu tu re E nergy G rid s tudy (2012)

D atacenter

D is tribu ted m icro genera tion

Energy Information Network vision

Internet of Energy*Energy can be accessed and shared from anywhere and anytime by any devices

Internet of Things vision:

Anything connected

Energy Information Network

3. Sept 2018 *A. Jung, Spiegel Online, 2010

Future smart power grid (Internet of energy): A network of microgrids?

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3. Sept 2018

Internet of Energy: need Internet principles

• Energy Sharing • Energy Trading• Energy Mobility• Energy Balance• Energy Security• Energy Transport• Energy QoS • Energy

Localization• More…

Internet ideas to solve energy issues

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Energy Sharing• Internet Sharing Economics

– AirBnB�sharing beds resources– Uber�sharing cars resources– Wiki�sharing knowledge resources

• How to share energy?

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Energy sharing : Selling your power to your neighbors

Solar energy to neighbour

Solar energy to neighbour

Solar energy to neighbour

• On your house roof, you have solar power. The power can be used by yourself. If you are not able to use all power, you can sell to your neighbors

• Possible implementation: APP in smart phone– When I need power, I will open the APP and send out request– My neighbors will receive the request and then send back the offer

of amount of power and price– I can choose one of the replies and get the power

[Zhang et al. ACCESS’16]3. Sept 2018

Energy sharing: technical challenges• Renewable energy sources model and power generation model• Interaction between renewable energy sources and power grid• Energy trading in a community, e.g, when and how much energy

a house should sell to the neighborhood?• Energy trading between communities

Community 1 Community 2

Power Power

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Energy balance with renewables: Control of demand• A challenge:

20

We drown in overproduction!So, from the wind cooperation we would appreciate if you could turn on your dryer!

That’s notnecessary!

Because the wind is blowing!

3. Sept 2018

Summary

• Energy efficiency and renewable energy supply– are main goals of the future sustainable energy system

• Smart Energy-Saving Systems and Smart Grids– are the main themes of Energy Information Network research

• Several use cases to study– data centers, transportation systems, buildings, factories– power systems, electric mobility, electricity markets, energy storage, renewable

energy

• ICT is a key enabler– virtually all ICT disciplines are relevant

• Energy Information Networks: an interdisciplinary area– collaboration with many other disciplines: e.g., engineering, math, economy– exchange of models, methods, and data

3. Sept 2018

• Bloomberg New Energy Finance, NEW ENERGY OUTLOOK 2016 , «Powering a

Changing World», https://www.bnef.com/dataview/new-energy-outlook-2016/

• Appelrath, H-J., Kagermann, H., Mayer, C., «Future Energy Grid. Migration to the

Internet of Energy.» Acatech STUDY, Munch 2012.

• NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperbility Standards, Release

3.0, National Institute of Standards and Technology,

http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1109r3

• C. Goebel, H.-A. Jacobsen, et al. Energy Informatics – Current and Future

Research Directions. Business and Information Systems Engineering (6:1): 25-31.

2013.

• K. Zhang, Y. Mao, S. Leng, S. Maharjan, Y. Zhang, A. Vinel and M. Jonsson,

"Incentive-driven Energy Trading in the Smart Grid", IEEE Access, vol.4, pp.1243-

1257, April 2016

• A. Jung, «Building the Internet of Energy Supply,» Spiegel Online International,

Dec. 2010, available: http://www.spiegel.de/international/business/smart-grid-

2-0-building-the-internet-of-energy-supply-a-694287.html

Literature

3. Sept 2018

Questions?

3. Sept 2018