Introduction to Food and Introduction to Food and NutritionNutrition

By Mr. S. Williams By Mr. S. Williams

What is Food and Nutrition?What is Food and Nutrition?

•Food and Nutrition is the Food and Nutrition is the study of the science of study of the science of food and how the body food and how the body utilizes food.utilizes food.

What is food?What is food?

•Food is any edible substance Food is any edible substance (solid or liquid, hot or cold, (solid or liquid, hot or cold, cooked or uncooked) which cooked or uncooked) which when taken in the body when taken in the body (ingested) provides it with the (ingested) provides it with the necessary nutrients in order necessary nutrients in order for it to function effectivelyfor it to function effectively..

What is nutrition?What is nutrition?

•Nutrition is the Nutrition is the study of food and study of food and how the body how the body utilizes the food.utilizes the food.

What are Nutrients?What are Nutrients?

•Nutrients are Nutrients are chemical chemical substances found in substances found in food.food.

Importance of food to the Importance of food to the bodybody• Food is needed for:Food is needed for:

• Maintaining the normal processes for Maintaining the normal processes for livingliving

• Growth, increase in weightGrowth, increase in weight

• High performanceHigh performance

• Replacement of damaged and worn out Replacement of damaged and worn out partsparts

• Proper functioning of the bodyProper functioning of the body

Food GroupsFood Groups

• There are six food groups found in There are six food groups found in the Caribbean. the Caribbean.

• All the people in the Caribbean can All the people in the Caribbean can use this group to plan healthy meals.use this group to plan healthy meals.

• These groups are: staples, food from These groups are: staples, food from animal, fats/oils, legumes/nuts, fruits, animal, fats/oils, legumes/nuts, fruits, vegetablesvegetables

Cereals:Bread (from whole grain or enriched flour), wheat flour, corn (maize), corn meal, dried cereals, macaroni, spaghetti, rice, cereal porridges.

Starchy fruits, roots, tubers/ground provisions: Banana, plantain, breadfruit, yam, potato, dasheen, coco/ eddoe, cassava.

Kidney beans, Kidney beans, gungo/pigeon gungo/pigeon peas, black-eye peas, black-eye peas, cow peas, peas, cow peas, other dried peas other dried peas and beans, and beans, peanuts, cashew peanuts, cashew nuts, sesame nuts, sesame seeds, pumpkin seeds, pumpkin seeds. seeds.

Dark green leafy and Dark green leafy and yellow vegetables:yellow vegetables: Callaloo/spinach, Callaloo/spinach, dasheen leaves, dasheen leaves, cabbage bush, pak cabbage bush, pak choy, string beans, choy, string beans, pumpkin, carrot.pumpkin, carrot.

Other vegetables:Other vegetables:

Squash, cho-cho, Squash, cho-cho, (christophene, (christophene, chayote), cucumber, chayote), cucumber, tomato, garden tomato, garden egg/aubergineegg/aubergine

Mango, guava, citrus (orange, grapefruit, limes, tangerine), pineapple, West Indian cherry, pawpaw/papaya, golden apple/Jew/June plum, sugar apple/sweet sop.

.. Meat, poultry, fish Meat, poultry, fish (fresh, canned, (fresh, canned, pickled, dried), pickled, dried), milk, cheese, milk, cheese, yoghurt, egg, yoghurt, egg, liver, heart, liver, heart, kidney, tripe kidney, tripe (offal), trotters, (offal), trotters, feet, tail, headfeet, tail, head

Cooking and salad Cooking and salad oils, butter, oils, butter, margarine, margarine, shortening, ghee, shortening, ghee, coconut coconut cream/milk, meat cream/milk, meat fat, nuts, avocado fat, nuts, avocado pear, Jamaican pear, Jamaican ackee.ackee.

Important Food TerminologyImportant Food Terminology

• Fibre: A Fibre: A substance which substance which is not a nutrient is not a nutrient but it is but it is important for important for health. It is also health. It is also called Cellulose called Cellulose or roughageor roughage

• Balance Diet: A Balance Diet: A balance diet is the balance diet is the habit of eating habit of eating food which food which supplies all the supplies all the essential nutrients essential nutrients in the correct in the correct proportion for the proportion for the needs of the body needs of the body at a particular at a particular timetime

Important Food TerminologyImportant Food Terminology

• Recommended Recommended Dietary AllowanceDietary Allowance

( RDA’s) – RDA’s ( RDA’s) – RDA’s include the daily include the daily amounts of amounts of energy and energy and nutrients that are nutrients that are needed for most needed for most persons.persons.

• Nutritional Nutritional status: refers to status: refers to one’s personal one’s personal health condition health condition which reflects which reflects the need for the need for nutrients and nutrients and the use of them.the use of them.

Nutritional AssessmentNutritional Assessment

• A person’s A person’s nutritional status nutritional status may be may be determined by determined by conducting a conducting a nutritional nutritional assessment of assessment of the individual.the individual.

• The acronym The acronym ABCD is used to ABCD is used to identify these identify these methodsmethods

AnthropometryAnthropometry

• The The measurement of measurement of height, weight height, weight and other areas and other areas of the bodyof the body

• For example:For example:

• Weight divided Weight divided by heightby height

Biochemical Biochemical

• Refers to Refers to laboratory tests laboratory tests on blood, urine on blood, urine and other body and other body fluids.fluids.

• For example: For example:

• Blood test for Blood test for DiabetesDiabetes

• Urine test for Urine test for pregnancypregnancy

Clinical Clinical

• An assessment An assessment done by a doctor done by a doctor who examines who examines you and explores you and explores your family your family medical traits.medical traits.

• For example: A For example: A family history of family history of Breast Cancer.Breast Cancer.

Dietary Dietary • An assessment An assessment

done by a done by a nutritionist or a nutritionist or a dietician. It is a dietician. It is a careful check of careful check of what a person what a person eats, eats, supplements supplements taken, allergies or taken, allergies or family history of family history of nutrition related nutrition related health conditionshealth conditions

• For example: For example: Family history of Family history of anaemia.anaemia.

Indicators of good nutritionIndicators of good nutrition

• Firm musclesFirm muscles

• smooth clear skinsmooth clear skin

• Good visionGood vision

• Clean mouth and Clean mouth and strong teethstrong teeth

• Pink gumsPink gums

• Strong white Strong white teethteeth

Indicators of Poor NutritionIndicators of Poor Nutrition

• Poor eyesightPoor eyesight

• ObesityObesity

• ConstipationConstipation

• Decayed teethDecayed teeth