INTRODUCTION TO EVOLUTION CHAPTER 15. THEORIES OF EVOLUTION SECTION 15-2.
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Transcript of INTRODUCTION TO EVOLUTION CHAPTER 15. THEORIES OF EVOLUTION SECTION 15-2.
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INTRODUCTION TO EVOLUTIONCHAPTER 15
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THEORIES OF EVOLUTION
SECTION 15-2
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LAMARCK’S EXPLANATIONStated that animals evolved by passing on acquired traits.
Was proven to be incorrect – why?
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CHARLES DARWINDarwin’s theory revolved around Natural Selection.
Believed that species evolved by this process in specific populations.
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DARWIN’S JOURNEYSailed on a ship called the HMS Beagle.
Mainly gathered data in South America.
Studied one species of bird in particular – what was it?
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DARWIN’S BOOKDarwin’s Book: The Origin of Species was published in 1858.Why is it still important to us?
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DARWIN’S THEORIESDescent with Modification:
• Today’s species came from relatives from a long time ago.
Modification by Natural Selection:• Explained why evolution happens.
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MORE ABOUT NATURAL SELECTIONWhat does natural selection mean to you?
What did Darwin say was the main reason for populations changing?
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NATURAL SELECTION CONTINUED…The only way that an individual can pass on their traits is to …
Survival of the fittest doesn’t necessarily mean the fastest, strongest or smartest! (Look at #7 on worksheet from Thursday)
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STILL MORE ON NATURAL SELECTIONA species must adapt to a changing environment.Think about the game we played online “Who Wants to Live a Million Years?”
• What changes happened?• How did your species adapt?• Did you see changes happening all the time?• What did you do to help your species survive?
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ARTIFICIAL SELECTIONIn the beans lab – what were you artificially selecting for?Why did the population start to change as you went through more generations?What are some reasons that artificial selection can be detrimental to a species?
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BEAN LABWhy did you have to take 2 beans each time you chose?
• They represent …What are other things that you could have artificially selected for?Do we have the power to artificially select for genotypes and phenotypes?
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EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION
SECTION 15-3
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HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURESDefine homologous structures in your own words (remember the x-ray activity we did).
How do homologous structures provide evidence for evolution?
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ANALOGOUS AND VESTIGIAL STRUCTURESAnalogous structures are different than homologous structures because…
Vestigial structures are no longer useful to the current species but were once useful to earlier species.
• Give at least two examples of a vestigial structure.
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PATTERNS OF EVOLUTION
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COEVOLUTIONThe change of two or more species in close association with each other.
Example: Newts and garter snakes
1. Why has the newt developed a level of toxicity much higher than that necessary to kill most predators? 2. What is the selective pressure on the newt?3. What is the trade-off for the snake in developing greater resistance to toxicity?
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CONVERGENT EVOLUTIONOccurs when the environment selects for similar phenotypes, even though the ancestral types were quite different from each other.
Example: Sharks and Porpoises
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DIVERGENT EVOLUTIONWhen related populations or species become more and more dissimilar.Usually related to different habitats.
Adaptive radiation: When many related species evolve from a single ancestral species.
Also can be caused by natural selection!
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WHY DOES EVOLUTION MATTER TO US?Evolution
1. How do humans influence the evolution of microbes?2. How does natural selection work to produce multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis? 3. Why is understanding evolution especially important today, now that people can travel easily?
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QUIZ TOMORROW!Suggested Questions to study from:
pg. 288: 1, 3, 5, 6pg. 292: 1, 2, 6pg 294: 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 21, 22, 25 & Critical Thinking 1, 2