Introduction to Env Engineeing
Transcript of Introduction to Env Engineeing
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Introduction to
Environmental
Engineering
By :Amr Ahmed El-Adly
Spring 2014
Doctoral Degree in Public Health Sciences
(Majoring Environmental Engineering)
Environmental
Engineering Updates(15062806)
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Environment?
Everything Around US..!
Includes all of living and nonlivingthings which we interact. Includescomplex web of relationship that
connect us with one another and withthe world we live in.
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Biotic environment
From the Greek word bios, which meanslife
We can also say that a biotic environmentis a living environment
It compose of plants, animals,microorganisms and human beings
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Abiotic environment
The opposite of biotic environment, inwhich constituted by land, water and air
These biotic and abiotic components areinterrelated/interdependent to eachother
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Ecology-Definition
Ecology
Is the study of how organisms interact with one
another and their physical environment of
matter and energy.
Ecosystem
A community of different species interacting
with one another and with their nonliving
environment of matter and energy.
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ECOSYSTEMS
Major Components:
Living (Biotic)-Plants, animals, microbes.
Non Living (Abiotic)- Water, air, nutrients, rock,heat, solar energy.
Some organisms produce the nutrients they
need, others get their nutrients by consumingtheir organisms, and some recycle nutrients
back to producers by decomposing the wastes
and remains of organisms.
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Who does it affect? Everyone & Everything! plants insects
animals
humans ecosystems
our planet
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What are
environmental issues?
Three areas:
air quality land quality
water quality
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Air Quality
Poor air quality can lead to:
smog
respiratory & other illnesses
acid rain
global warming
Why is air quality such a problem?
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Air Quality
Air pollutant: A knownsubstance in the airthat can cause harm to
humans and theenvironment.
nitrogen oxides (NOx)
sulfur oxides (SOx)
carbon monoxide(CO)
carbon dioxide (CO2)
Effects of acid rain on plants
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Greenhouse Gases & Global Warming
Global warming: An increase in the average airtemperature of the Earth.
Greenhouse effect: Heat from the sun getstrapped inside the glass of a greenhouse and
heats up its air.More carbon dioxide (CO2) being released in the
atmosphere traps more heat.
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Land Quality Land pollution: Destruction of the Earths surface
caused by human activities and the misuse ofnatural resources.
Natural resources: Land and raw materials thatexist naturally in the environment undisturbed byhumans.
Renewable resource: A natural resource that canbe replaced by a natural process.
Non-renewable resource: A natural resource thatcannot be produced or re-grown or reused.
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What problems arise from land pollution?
Acid mine drainage LandfillsPesticides andherbicides
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Inputs and Outputs of a System
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Energy Resources
Non Renewable Renewable
Direct SunWindBiomass
Flowing water
Fossil fuelNuclearCoalNatural gas
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NON RENEWABLE RESOURCE
A non- renewable resource (also known as
a finite resource) is a resource that does not
renew itself at a sufficient rate for sustainable
economic extraction in meaningful human-
frames. Example are Fossil Fuels such as coal,
petroleum and natural gas.
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RENEWABLE RESOURCE
A renewable sources of energy can be
used over and over again. Renewable resources
include solar energy, wind, geothermal energy,
biomass and hydropower. They generate much
less pollution, both in gathering and production,
than nonrenewable sources.
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LIST OF RENEWABLE
SOURCES OF ENERGY
1. Wind Power
2. Solar Energy
3. Geothermal Energy
4. Hydroelectric Power
5. Biofuels
6. Natural Gas
7. Nuclear Energy
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Environmental Problems?
We run more and more earths natural
resources for economy caused:
Shrinking forest, expanding deserts, eroding soils,deteriorating the agricultural lands, loweratmosphere is warming, melting glaciers, increasing
sea levels, more destructive storms, failing watertables, disappearing of sea corals, drying rivers,fisheries are collapsing, extinction of many species.
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ENVIRONMENTALPROBLEMS
Environmental Problems: Cause?
Major causes are:
Population growth
Wasteful and unsustainable resource use
Poverty
Exclusion of environmental cost of resourceuse
Attempts to manage nature with insufficient
knowledge
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ENVIRONMENTALPROBLEMS
POPULA
TION
G
ROWT
H
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ENVIRONMENTALPROBLEMS
UN
SUSTAINABLE
RESOURCES
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
POVERTY
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Sustainability:
Our lives and economies depend on energy
from the sun (sun capita) and on naturalresources (natural capita) provided by the
earth.
Living sustainably means living off the earthsnatural income without depleting or degrading
the natural capital that supplies it.
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Four Scientific Principles Of Sustainability
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The Sustainability Portfolio
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Building Sustainable Business Strategies
Megacities
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Sustainable Design Approach:A combined architectural,engineering, site planning andlandscaping (multidisciplinary)approach to design and energyconscious building should optimize the
energy efficiency of a buildingespecially in employing combinedpassive and active devices.
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Passive Design Factors Affecting EnergyUse In Buildings
The building layout, planning, design, shape,
fabric and construction cover a wide number of
variables that affect building energy
requirements.
1) Size and Shape
2) Building Orientation
3) Planning & Layout
4) Thermo Physical Properties
5) Window System
6) Construction Details
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What is Environmental
Engineering?
Environment, the surroundings in which aperson, animal, or plant lives or operates
Engineering, application of scientificprinciples for the planning, design,operation and maintenance of structures,equipment or systems for the
development and benefit of society
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What is Environmental
Engineering?
Thus..
Environment + Engineering =
Application of scientific principles toimprove the natural environment for thedevelopment and benefit of the society
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What is Environmental
Engineering?
Definition: The application of science
and engineering knowledge andconcepts to care for and/or restore ournatural environment and/or solveenvironmental problems.
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Environment + Engineering
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Knowledge and education is importantin preserving our environment. Young
generation should be educated withthis understanding in order to haveenvironmental-awareness community.
Awareness and encouragement fromgovernment and authorities is utmost
and the only way to materialized thismission towards sustainable earth.
Thank you.