INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONIC INTERLOCKING SYSTEM122.252.230.113/content/ppt/sig/S18.pdf · 2020. 7....

INTRODUCTION

TO

ELECTRONIC INTERLOCKING SYSTEM

IRISET FUNDAMENTALS OF EI ver. 1.0 1

What is Interlocking ?

GR definition:

“interlocking” means an arrangement of signals, points and otherappliances, operated from a panel or a lever frame, sointerconnected by mechanical locking or electrical locking or boththat their operation must take place in proper sequence to ensuresafety;


Railway Interlocking Systems

Different types of Interlocking Systems:

❖ Mechanical Interlocking

❖ Electro Mechanical Interlocking

❖ Relay Interlocking

❖ Electronic Interlocking / Solid Sate Interlocking.


Relay interlocking


ELECTRONIC INTERLOCKING SYSTEM


What is EI ?

EI is a computer based electronic interlocking system, used for

controlling points, signals, LC gates etc, through a centralized control

panel or through VDU, like existing relay based/ mechanical interlocking

systems.


Why EI ?

❖ Entire logic circuits are simulated in software

❖ No need of bulky Relays

❖ Less space, Less wiring, less soldering

❖ Installation & yard alteration time is less

❖ Reduction in power consumption


Advantages of EI

❖ It has self-diagnostic & Self integrity test features

❖ Failures located and enunciated by error code / alarms

❖ Faulty module can be replaced by spare module

❖ The down time of System is less

❖ Less prone to short cut methods

❖ Total system shut down if point / signal wrongly fed


Advantages of EI (Cont…d)

❖ System can be tested at factory level using simulationpanels

❖ Enables usage of OFC (with Object Controller) whichreduces requirement of Copper cables , their cost &maintenance

❖ Remote operation of signals, points, and level crossingscontrols is feasible. Thus Compatible with centralizedtraffic Control.

❖ Datalogger / Event logger is an integral part of EIIRISET FUNDAMENTALS OF EI ver. 1.0 9

Block Diagram of EI

IRISET FUNDAMENTALS OF EI ver. 1.0

Classification of Signaling Functions

The Signaling functions are classified as Input and Output functions :

Track

TPR

SignalPointLC GateCH Slot - From

CHPR YR Switch / Button

ContactsNon – Vital

Outputs for

Indication

LXPR NWKR

RWKRRECR

HECR

DECR

UECR

HHECRInput Bits Interface Relays

UGR

HHR

HR

DR

Output Interface Relays

WR

NWR

RWR

Input Bits – from Relays or Switch / Button Contacts

(Relays – TPR, NWKR / RWKR, ECRs

Buttons – GN, UN, WN

Internal Bits – UCR , ASR , UYR

Output Bits – WR , NWR , RWR , HR , DR , CHYR , LCYR , YR

Processor PCB

Output PCBs

Input PCBs

Point Signal LC Gate CH Slot - To

To other EI

I

N

T

E

R

F

A

C

E

To Data Logger

To EI Trouble

Shooting PC

LXYR CHYR YR

Operating

VDU

Panel

Electronic Interlocking – Input and Output Interface Relays – Internal bits, Interface bits


Concept of RRI Interlocking Logic

IRISET 13FUNDAMENTALS OF EI ver. 1.0

Concept of EI Application Logic


Panel Processor

❖ Panel Processor is a processor based system which transfers the non vital

input data ( button, key inputs) from CCIP to CIU and also drives panel

indications buzzers and counters in the CCIP basing on the non vital

output data received from CIU.

❖ It works as a slave unit of Central Interlocking Unit (CIU) through serial

communication and is placed close to CCIP .


CENTRAL INTERLOCKING UNIT

PANEL PROCESSOR

NON VITAL

INPUTS

NON VITAL

OUTPUTS


P P

CCIP

TO FIELD

FUNCTIONS

O C

* Track Circuits

* Points

* Signals

* Siding etc.

Station Master's RoomE I ROOM (Relay Room)

ELECTRONIC INTERLOCKING GENERAL ARCHITECTURE

LEGENDS

1. CCIP : Control Cum Indication Panel

2. PP : Panel Processor

3. OP -PC / VDU-CT : Operator PC / VDU Control Terminal

4. CPU : Central Processing Unit

5. OC : Object Controller

6. K Rack : Cable Termination Rack

7. IPS : Integrated Power Supply

Read Back

230V AC

* Blocks

* Crank Handles

* LC Gates

* Slots.

Relay

Rack

K

Rack

Vital

Input

Cards

Vital

Output

Cards

Datalogger

Conventional

Protocol

Converter

Non Vital

Input

Cards

Non Vital

Output

Cards

(Built in Timers)

System 'A'

CPU

(Logic processor)

(Built in Timers)

System 'B'

CPU

(Logic processor)

OP - PC /

VDU-CT

Maintenance PC

IPS24V,DC For EI

24V,DC For Relays

EQUIPMENT ROOM


Electronic interlocking systems are available in various configurations based on :

Redundancy

Architecture

And

Standby.

Configuration of EI System


Depending on Redundancy EI’s are classified as :

❖ Software Redundant

❖ Hardware Redundant.

Redundancy concepts


Classification by Architecture

To ensure safety and reliability , globally there are three approaches to the Hardware (processor) Design of EI’s.

❖ Single Processor with diversity in Software – (1 out of 1)

❖ Dual Processor with Single/Diverse software (2 out of 2)

❖ Majority voting/ Triple Modular Redundancy (2 out of 3)


Cassification by Stand by Arrangement

In order to obtain uninterrupted Signal operations, it is mandatory to

duplicate the entire Electronic Interlocking System.

Normally there are three types STANDBY concepts are employed for

availability purpose.

❖ HOT STANDBY Arrangement

❖ WARM STANDBY Arrangement

❖ COLD STANDBY Arrangement


Only up

matching

delivers O/P

i/p

Diverse

Operation

Operation

ComparsionVDU/CCIP

Coding

Logic for AND Gate

0 0 0

0 1 0

1 0 0

1 1 1 = O/P will be delivered

SINGLE HARDWARE WITH DIVERSIFIED SOFTWARE


Dual Hardware with single/diverse software

inputs

inputs

output


Majority voting system/Triple Modular redundancy


Hot Standby arrangement

In Hot standby arrangement

❖ Both the systems shall work all the time.

❖ Inputs are read by both the systems independently

and only online system will execute application logic

and O/P data from online system gets Synchronised

to standby system at regular intervals.

❖ Output will be driven by online system only.


Warm Standby arrangement

In Warm standby arrangement

❖ At a time One system only powered ON. The other System Power supply is controlled by “External Auto Change Over” circuits.

❖ Inputs are wired to both the systems independently, where asOnline system alone can Execute application logic, since other onenot powered ON.

❖ There is no synchronisation link is available between two systems.


Cold Standby Arrangement

In Cold standby arrangement

❖ At a time One system only powered ON and Standby system not having Auto changeover facility.

❖ Inputs are wired to both the systems independently, where asOnline system alone can Execute application logic, since other onenot powered ON.

❖ Standby system Power supply is to be physically switched on bysignal Engineer when there is a failure of Main System.


Single processor without any standby

CCIP EIFIELD

GEARS

Single Hardware with diversified software

a) Single processor without any standby


CCIP EI 1 EI 2

Output

Input

Relays

Single processor with Hot standby


CCIPPanel

Processor

CPU 1

CPU 2

I/O

Relays

2 out of 2 Architecture without standby


CCIPCPU 1CPU 2

CPU 1CPU 2

Input/Output

Relays

Panel

Processor

2 out of 2 Architecture with warm standby


CCIPPanel

Processor

CPU 1CPU 2

CPU 1CPU 2

I/O I/O

Relays

2 out of 2 Architecture with Hot standby


CCIPPanel

Processor

CPU 1CPU 2

Communication

CPU 1CPU 2

Communication

OC 2 OC 1OC 3

2 out of 2 with object controllers (OC) and Hot standby


CCIPPanel

ProcessorCPU 1 CPU 2 CPU 3

Relays Input/Output

TMR with relay interface


Define:

Variable1

Memory Address:

10

Memory Address:

20

Operation:

Variable1 Multiply by 2

Instruction:

MUL(Variable1, 2)

Instruction:

ADD(Variable1,

Variable1)

Result1

Memory Address:

30

Result2

Memory Address:

40

Compare:

Result1 and Result2

Failsafe Features - 1OO1 Architecture

–A very simple example of the Execution Path.

35

Executive Features

Failsafe Features of Executive

– Dual Execution Path

❖ The Executive stores each bit in two separate segments of memory

❖ Any operations on the bits are performed on both stored values, using different techniques – i.e. different machine instructions.

❖ Result is stored in two separate memory locations.

❖ Results are compared to ensure they are equal.

❖ If not equal, failure logged.


TYPES OF INSTALLATION

❖ CENTRALIZED INSTALLATION

❖ DISTRIBUTED INSTALLATION


Centralised Installation


IRISET FUNDAMENTALS OF EI ver. 1.0

Distributed Installation

39

EI system Description

Software:

❖ Executive Software or System Software

❖ Application Software

❖ Diagnostic Software


Executive Software or System Software

❖ The Executive Software is programmed in system EPROMs.

❖ This Software defines what the system can do and how thevarious parts of the system operate together.

❖ It includes all start up and operational safety tests(including checking the Executive software itself) that arethe parts of the processor for continual assurance of safetyoperation.



Functions of Executive Software

❖ Monitoring of all Vital and Non Vital I/O Boards.

❖ Processing Inputs, Decision making and Issuing Commands.

❖ Continuous Internal and External diagnostics.

❖ Management of various communication Ports.

❖ Execution of Application Software


Application Software

User develops Application software based on

❖ Interlocking requirement

❖ Yard size and

❖ Other station requirements

❖ The application software is programmed in DataEPROMs. It contains the logic that defines how theinputs and outputs for a particular station are related.It pertains to ‘Table of Control’ of yard. This shall bestation specific.

❖ The Executive Software and Application Software areprogrammed into Read Only Memories (ROMs) by themanufacturer. Both the ROMs shall be separated andisolated from each other.

Application & Executive software


Executive software Application software

Common to all EIs for thesame manufacturer.

Yard specific. Different fordifferent stations.

Factory installed Can be installed at site bysignal engineers.

Performs all theoperations of the EIsystem .

It is only a logic developed asper table of control of specificstation.

User has no accessto modify ExecutiveSoftware

Application design engineershave the facility to modifyapplication software as andwhen required


Application Software Vs Executive software


Types of Yard Data Programming

There are two ways of Yard data programming

❖ Free wire programming

❖ Geographical programming

FREE WIRE - APPLICATION PROGRAM DESIGN


EI - INTER FACE DESIGN

51FUNDAMENTALS OF EI ver. 1.0IRISET

Interactions of Elements in Electronic Interlocking System

PHYSICAL INTERFACES

Communications Hardware

I/O Cards

EXECUTIVE

Serial Message Processing

Vital Checking of I/O

Execution of Logic

APPLICATION

Definition of Serial Links

System Settings

Definition of Logic to be Executed

Inputs from Field Equipment

Presentation of

Inputs to CPU

Checking of Input

Status

Confirmation

of Results

Outputs from

CPU

Outputs to Field

Equipment

Hardware Serial

Interface (RS232 etc)

Raw Serial

Message

Input Bits from

MessageOutput Bits for

message

Raw Serial

Message

Hardware Serial

Interface (RS232 etc)

– Hardware and Executive protect the Application Data from receiving unhealthy physical inputs.

– However, Application Data can still do dangerous things with valid inputs (i.e. against Signalling Principles).


EI Interface design involves

❖ Estimation of I/Os, Cards/Modules, Card Files/Housings, OCs

❖ Design of Field Input & Output relay Wiring diagrams

❖ Power supply, communication, and System configuration.

Interface Design


Process of Interface Design

Steps for Interface design are :

❖ Calculate Vital and Non vital I/O Bits based on SIP, FPD

❖ Calculate I/O Boards,CPU, PSB, SYNC & ECB

❖ Calculate number of Card files/ Housings/OCs

❖ Interconnection of various other equipment & Communication


Process of Interface Design contd..

❖ Design System Configuration Diagram

❖ Calculate Power Supply modules , Earthing, lightning &

surge protection devices.

❖ Calculate Relays, Relay Racks and CT Racks/FTOT

❖ Design of Field Input & Output relay Wiring diagrams


Preparation of BIT chart


Calculate the Vital I/O bits based on the SIP :


Gather following information from Signal Interlocking plan:

❖ Type of signals (2A/3A/4A Aspect, Shunt, Calling-on etc.)

❖ Points and Cross overs (Motor/ Hand operated points)

❖ Level crossings, siding control and crank handles

❖ Track circuits /Axle counters

❖ Type of block working with adjacent station

Inputs to Calculate of Vital I/O Bits

Calculation of Non Vital I/O Bits


Calculate Non Vital I/O bits based on FPD:

Gather the following information from FPD:

❖ Number of push button controls

❖ Number of key controls

❖ Number of indications

❖ Number of counters, buzzers, bells etc


Inputs to Calculate Non Vital I/O Bits

Pressed

INDICATIONS

GN+UN GN, UN GNR, UNR GNCR, UNCR NRR NNR WNR / WRRWNR / WRR

WKRsWKRs UCR ALSR WLR HR HR

TPRs TPRs

RECR RECR RGKE

HECR HECR HGKE

NV I/P UpDown Up Down Up, Vital o/p

Relay Up

Relay Up Up, Vital I/P Up Down Down

Relay Up Up, Vital I/P

Relay Down Down, vital I/P Down, NV O/P Control Panel

Relay Up Up, Vital I/P Up, NV O/P

Up, Vital O/P Relay Up

Flow of Interlocking Logic


OUT DOOR

GEAR

VITAL

OUTPUT

VITAL INPUT NON-VITAL

INPUT

NON-VITAL

OUTPUT

RELAYS

4 ASPECT

SIGNAL

DR,

HHR,

HR.

DECR, DR_F

HHECR, HHR_F

HECR, HR_F

RECR.

GN DGKE,

HHGKE,

HGKE,

RGKE.

QN1 - 3

QECX61 – 4

3 ASPECT

SIGNAL

DR,

HR.

DECR, DR_F

HECR, HR_F

RECR.

GN DGKE,

HGKE,

RGKE.

QN1 - 2

QECX61 – 3

2 ASPECT

SIGNAL

HR. HECR, HR_F

RECR.

GN HGKE,

RGKE.

QN1 - 1

QECX61 – 2

BIT CALCULATION


OUT DOOR

GEAR

VITAL

OUTPUT


INPUT

NON-VITAL

OUTPUT

RELAYS

1 way Route

Indicator

UGR1. UECR.

UGR1_F

-- UGKE1. QN1 - 1

QECX61 – 1

2 way Route

Indicator

UGR1,

UGR2.

UGR1_F,

UGR2_F,

UECR.

-- UGKE1,

UGKE2.

QN1 - 2

QECX61 – 1

Calling-on

signal

COHR. COHECR,

COHR_F.

GN CO_HGKE. QN1 - 1

QECX61 – 1

BIT CALCULATION


BIT CALCULATION

OUT DOOR

GEAR

VITAL

OUTPUT


INPUT

NON-VITAL

OUTPUT

RELAYS

Post shunt

signal

HR. OFFECR,

HR_F.

GN OFFKE. QN1 - 1

QECX61 – 1

Point WNR,

WRR.

NWKR,

RWKR.

WN NWKE,

RWKE.

QN1 – 2,

QNA1 – 2

Crank handle CHYR. CHCR. GN KEYINKE,

OUTKE.

QN1 - 1

QNA1-1


BIT CALCULATION

OUT DOOR

GEAR

VITAL

OUTPUT


INPUT

NON-VITAL

OUTPUT

RELAYS

Level Crossing LXYR. LXCR. LC.N CLOSKE,

OPENKE.

QN1 - 1

QNA1 – 1

Siding YR. CR. N KEYINKE,

KEYOUTKE

QN1 – 1,

QNA1 – 1

Slot YR. OVYR,

YR_F.

YN YKE,

OVYKE.

QN1 - 1

QNA1-1


Out door Gear Vital Output Vital Input Non-vital Input Non-vital Output Relays

SM Key SMCR SMKEYINKE

SMKEYOUTKE

QN1- 1

Sub route

cancellation Key

EUYNKEY

System Normal SYS_NORMAL SYS_OK

Group Slot

transmit Button

GSBN

Group slot

Restore Button

GSRBN

Normal Point

Button

NWWN

Reverse Point

Button

RWWN


BIT CALCULATION

Earthing & Bonding

General EI ver. 1.0 66IRISET

EARTHING AND BONDING SYSTEM FOR SIGNALLING EQUIPMENTS (Ref: SPECN. No. RDSO/SPN/197/2008)


Perimeter Earthing arrangement


Typical Bonding & Earthing for S&T Equipments


Typical installation of earth for S&T Installations


INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONIC INTERLOCKING SYSTEM122.252.230.113/content/ppt/sig/S18.pdf · 2020. 7....

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Transcript of INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONIC INTERLOCKING SYSTEM122.252.230.113/content/ppt/sig/S18.pdf · 2020. 7....