Introduction to Computers

Lesson 13BLesson 13B

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Syntax

Programming language rules

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Syntax Examples

Provide information in a certain order and structure

Use special symbols

Use punctuation (sometimes)

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Three Programming Categories Based on Evolution

Machine languages

Assembly languages

Higher-level languages

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Programming Language Generations

Machine languages: first generation

Assembly languages: second generation

Higher-level languages: third generation (3GLs)

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Fading Third-Generation Languages

FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslator)

COBOL (COmmon Business Oriented Language)

BASIC (Beginner’s All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code)

Pascal

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Thriving Third-Generation Languages

C

C++

Java

ActiveX

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Fourth-Generation Languages (4GLs)

Builds programs with a front end, which is an interface that hides much of the program from the user

Provides prototypes, which are samples of the finished programs

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Examples of Fourth-Generation Languages

Visual Basic (VB)

VisualAge

Authoring environments

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Fifth-Generation Languages (5GLs)

Advanced authoring environments

considered by some to be 5GLs

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World Wide Web Development Languages

HyperText Markup Language (HTML)

Extensible Markup Language (XML)

Wireless Markup Language (WML)

Dreamweaver

Flash

Director

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Systems Development Life Cycle for Programming

Phase 1: Needs analysis

Phase 2: Program design

Phase 3: Development (also called coding)

Phase 4: Implementation

Phase 5: Maintenance

Lesson 13BLesson 13B

Programming Languages and the Programming Languages and the Programming ProcessProgramming Process

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Review Questions

What is syntax?

What are the three programming

categories based on evolution?

Name the thriving third-generation

languages.

What are two features of fourth-

generation programming languages?