Introduction to computers
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Transcript of Introduction to computers
- 1. Introducing Computer Systems Shivani Parikh
2. The Computer Defined
- The two principal characteristics of a computer are:
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- It responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner.
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- It can execute a prerecorded list of instructions
- Computers are electronic and digital
- Converts data into information
- Modern computers are digital
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- Two digits combine to make data
- Older computers were analog
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- A range of values made data
- Data Definition:
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- Data is a collection of raw facts and figures (e.g. cooking)
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- Data needs to be processed before it can be turned into something useful
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- Data comes in many forms numbers, words, symbols
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- Examples: Car Mileage, Prices of cosmetics
3. Case Study on DATA
- Pizza Hut wants to come up with a new joint in the city of Vapi in state of Gujarat. It has conducted a market research survey and has come up with the following data. Assuming Vapi city to be made up of following 10 people with their preferences listed below:
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- Geeta aged 23 loves eating out and her preference is Indian food
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- Rahul aged 16 loves eating out and his preference is pizzas
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- Sanjay aged 56 doesnt eat out due to health reasons
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- Rachana aged 35 prefers to eat in luxury hotels
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- Vishal aged 30 can afford to eat only at cheap eateries
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- Aarav aged 2 eats only home cooked food
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- Ashok aged 70 has dentures and hence can only eat soft foods
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- Mansi aged 10 loves eating continental food
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- Ajay aged 40 loves eating out and has no preference towards any cuisine
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- Pallavi aged 23 eats only healthy foods and has no preference towards any cuisine
4. Information
- The data is converted into the following information for Pizza Hut
Sr No Names AgePreference1 Geeta 23 Indian 2 Rahul16 Pizzas 3 Sanjay 56 doesnt eat out4 Rachana 35 eat in luxury hotels 5 Vishal 30 cheap eateries 6 Aarav 2 doesnt eat out7 Ashok 70 doesnt eat out8 Mansi 10 Continental 9 Ajay 40 Any 10 Pallavi 23 Healthy Food 5. The Computer Defined
- For managers it is important to convert the data into information for decision making
- In the above scenario Pizza Hut has identified that 40% of the total population shall be its target audience and its intended users.
- The age group of intended target audience is 10-40 years
- They would advertise close to schools, colleges, theaters, malls and so on
6. Types of Computers
- Computers for Individual Users
- Computers for Organizations
- Individual Users
- Desktops
- Notebook / Laptops
- Workstations
- Tablet computers
- Handheld computers
- Smart phones
- Computers for Organizations
- Network servers
- Mainframes
- Minicomputers
- Supercomputers
7. The Computer Defined
- Desktop computers
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- The most common type of computer
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- Sits on the desk or floor
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- Performs a variety of tasks
- Workstations
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- Specialized computers
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- Optimized for science or graphics
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- More powerful than a desktop
- Laptops/ Notebooks
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- Small portable computers
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- Weighs between 3 and 8 pounds
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- About 8 by 11 inches
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- Typically as powerful as a desktop
8. The Computer Defined
- Tablet computers
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- Newest development in portable computers
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- Input is through a pen
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- Run specialized versions of office products
- Handheld computers
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- Very small computers
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- Personal Digital Assistants (PDA)
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- Note taking or contact management
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- Data can synchronize with a desktop
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- Used by Medical reps
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- John Sculley fromApplegave industry
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- the name PDA
9. The Computer Defined
- Smart phones
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- Hybrid of cell phone and PDA
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- Web surfing, e-mail access
10. Computers For Organizations
- Network servers
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- Centralized computer
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- All other computers connect
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- Provides access to network resources
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- Often simply a powerful desktop
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- Print Server, Web Server
- Supercomputers
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- The most powerful computers made
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- Handle large and complex calculations
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- Process trillions of operations per second
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- Found in research organizations
11. Computers For Organizations
- Mainframes
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- Used in large organizations
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- Handle thousands of users
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- Users access through a terminal
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- Examples: Banks, Insurance, Airlines, RTO
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- RAS, HVAC, high speed, low maintenance
- Minicomputers
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- Called midrange computers
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- Power between mainframe and desktop
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- Handle hundreds of users
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- Used in smaller organizations
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- Users access through a terminal
12. Looking Inside the Computer System
- Parts of the Computer System
- Computer systems have four parts
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- Hardware
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- Software
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- Data
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- User
13. Parts of the Computer System
- Hardware
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- Mechanical devices in the computer
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- Anything that can be touched
- Software
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- Tell the computer what to do
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- Also called a program
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- Thousands of programs exist
- Data
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- Pieces of information
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- Computer organize and present data
- Users
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- People operating the computer
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- Most important part
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- Tell the computer what to do
14. Information Processing Cycle
- Steps followed to process data
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- Input
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- Processing
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- Output
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- Storage
15. Essential Computer Hardware
- Hardware categorized into four types
- Processing devices
- Memory devices
- Input and output devices
- Storage devices
- Processing devices
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- Brains of the computer
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- Carries out instructions from the program
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- Most computers have several processors
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- Central Processing Unit (CPU)
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- micro processors
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- Processors made of silicon and copper
16. Essential Computer Hardware
- Memory devices
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- Stores data or programs
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- Random Access Memory (RAM)
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- Volatile (mens memory)
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- Stores current data and programs
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- More RAM results in a faster system
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- Read Only Memory (ROM)
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- Permanent storage of programs (womens memory)
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- Holds the computer boot directions
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17. Essential Computer Hardware
- Input and output devices
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- Allows the user to interact
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- Input devices accept data
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- Keyboard (foldable), mouse (wireless)
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- Output devices deliver data
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- Monitor (touch screen example), printer (thermal, UV), speaker
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- Some devices are input and output
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- Touch screens,
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18. Essential Computer Hardware
- Storage devices
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- Hold data and programs permanently
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- Different from RAM
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- One of the most popular device for data storage is USB drives
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- Magnetic storage
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- Floppy (3 inch), hard drive and external hard drive
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- Uses a magnet to access data
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- Optical storage
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- CD and DVD drives
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- Uses a laser to access data
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- Computers are built with inbuilt DVD drives
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19. Software Runs The Machine
- Tells the computer what to do
- Reason people purchase computers
- Two types
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- System software
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- Application software
- System software
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- Most important software
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- Operating system
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- Windows XP
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- Network operating system (OS)
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- Windows Server 2003
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- Utility
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- Symantec AntiVirus
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20. Software Runs The Machine
- Application software
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- Accomplishes a specific task
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- Most common type of software
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- MS Word
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- Covers most common uses of computers
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- Other examples are MS PowerPoint, Excel, Games, photos, Educational software
21. Computer data
- Fact with no meaning on its own
- Stored using the binary number system
- Data can be organized into files
22. Computer Users
- Role depends on ability
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- Setup the system
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- Install software
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- Mange files
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- Maintain the system
- User less computers
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- Run with no user input
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- Automated systems
23. Thank You