Introduction To computer (discovery of computer)

Athar Hussain MutahariBS(Hons)

Bioinformatics and Biotechnology Govt.College University Faisalabad

Discovering Computers 2009

Chapter 8 Operating

Systems and Utility

Programs

System Software

What is system software?

p. 398 - 399

Operating system (OS)Operating system (OS) (sometimes called the platform) (sometimes called the platform)

coordinates all activities coordinates all activities among computer among computer

hardware hardware resourcesresources

Programs that control Programs that control or maintain operation or maintain operation

of computerof computer

Two types are Two types are operating systemsoperating systems

and and utility programsutility programs

Operating Systems

What is an operating system:

a set of programs including instructions that coordinate all the activities among hardware resources.

p. 398 - 399 Fig. 8-1

Operating System Functions

Operating System functions.

p. 400 Fig. 8-2

starting a computer, providing a user interface, managing programs, memory, coordinating tasks, configuring devices, establishing an internet connection, monitoring performance, providing file management utilities.


What is booting?

p. 400 Fig. 8-2

___________ Turning on computer that has been powered off

___________ Restarting computer that is powered on

Process of starting or restarting a computer


BOOT DISK:

p. 402

Contains system files that will start computer when computer cannot boot Also called recovery disk


What is a graphical user interface (GUI)?

p. 403 Fig. 8-5a and 8-5b

User interacts with menus and visual images such as buttons and other graphical objects Basic Interface Windows Aero Interface

Foreground contains program you are using

Background contains programs that are running but are not in use


What is single user/ multitasking?

p. 403 - 404 Fig. 8-6

Working on two or more programs that reside in memory at same time

Has duplicate components such as processors, memory,

and disk drives

Enables two or more users to run programs simultaneously

Continues to operate when one of its components

fails


What are other program management features of operating systems?

p. 405

Can support two or more processors running programs

at same time

fault-tolerant computerfault-tolerant computer

multiusermultiuser

multiprocessingmultiprocessing


MEMORY MANAGEMENT:

p. 405 - 406 Fig. 8-8

Optimizing use of random access memory (RAM)


How does an operating system schedule jobs?

p. 407

Transferring items Transferring items between storage between storage

and memoryand memory

Sending Sending information information

to output deviceto output device

Processing Processing instructionsinstructions

Receiving data Receiving data from input devicefrom input device

Adjusts schedule based on job’s priority

A job is an operation A job is an operation the processor managesthe processor manages


SPOOLING:

p. 407 Fig. 8-9

Sending print jobs to buffer instead of directly to printer

Print jobs line up in queue


How do you establish an Internet connection?

p. 409 Fig. 8-11

Windows Vista includes Connect to a network wizard Guides user through setting up

connection between computer and Internet service provider


How does an operating system monitor performance?

p. 409 Fig. 8-12

Provides program, called performance monitor, that assesses and reports information about system resources and devices


SERVER OPERATING SYSTEM

p. 410 Fig. 8-13

An OS that organizes and coordinates how multiple users access and share resources on a network

Allows users to share resources on a network

Administers security by establishing user name and password for each user

Device-dependent

Runs only on specific type of computer

Types of Operating Systems

What are some characteristics of operating systems?

p. 415 - 416

Downward compatible

Works with application software written for

earlier version of operating system

Upward compatible

Runs on new versions of operating system

Proprietary software

Privately owned and limited to specific vendor

or computer model

Device-independent

Runs on many manufacturers’

computers

Stand-aloneStand-alone

Types of Operating Systems

What are three categories of operating systems?

p. 416

EmbeddedEmbedded NetworkNetwork

Stand-Alone Operating Systems

How do Windowsversions compare?

p. 417 Fig. 8-23

Windows Version Year Released

Windows 3.x 1990

Windows NT 3.1 1993

Windows 95 1995

Windows NT Workstation 4.0 1996

Windows 98 1998

Windows Millennium Edition 2000

Windows 2000 Professional 2000

Windows XP 2001

Windows XP SP2 2004

Windows Vista 2006

Fast, reliable Windows operating system


What is Windows XP?

p. 417 - 418 Fig. 8-24

Available in five editions: Home Edition, Professional Edition, Tablet PC Edition,Media Center Edition,and 64-bit Edition

Successor to Windows XP, containing a new interface and new / enhanced features


What is Windows Vista?

p. 418 - 419 Fig. 8-25

Available in several editions, grouped into Home and Business categories

Windows Vista Features

Reliability and Performance

Security

Information Management

Appearance and Navigation

Communications and the Internet


What are some features of Windows Vista?

p. 419


What is Mac OS X?

p. 420 Fig. 8-28

Available only for computers manufactured by Apple

Macintosh operating system has been model for most GUIs


UNIX OS:

p. 420 Fig. 8-29

Multitasking operating system Used by power users because of its flexibility

and power Most versions

offer GUI Available for

computers of allsizes


What is Linux?

p. 421 - 422 Fig. 8-30

Popular, free, multitasking UNIX-type operating system

Open-source software—code is available to public

Both a stand-alone and a network operating system

Network Operating Systems

An Os that is designed to

support a network.

p. 422 - 423

NetWareNetWare

Designed for client/server

networks

Windows Windows Server 2008Server 2008

Upgrade to Windows 2003 Server

UNIX / LinuxUNIX / Linux

Multi-purposeoperating system

SolarisSolaris Version of UNIX developed by Sun

Microsystems

Specifically for e-commerce applications

Embedded Operating Systems

What is an ________________________?

p. 423 Fig. 8-31

Found on most smart phones and small devices

WINDOWS EMBEDDED CE:is scaled-down version of Windows

embedded operating system


What are three operating systems for PDAs?

p. 424 - 425 Figs. 8-32 - 8-34

Windows Mobile for Pocket PC Palm OS for Palm Blackberry


What is Embedded Linux?

p. 425

Scaled-down Linux operating systemdesigned for smart phones, PDAs,smart watches, set-top boxes,Internet telephones, and otherdevices

Offers many PIM functions


SYMBIAN OS:

p. 425 Fig. 8-35

Open-source, multitasking operating system designed for smart phones

Make telephone calls, save appointments, browse Web, send and receive text and picture messages, e-mail messages, faxes, and more

Introduction To computer (discovery of computer)

Education

Transcript of Introduction To computer (discovery of computer)