Computer System Component

Computer: A programmable electronic device that can store, retrieve, and process data.

The word “Computer” emerged during WWII, people who operated desk calculators were called: Computers.

History of the Modern Computer

Human: Could add a two 10 digit number in 10 seconds, withCalculator, in 4 Seconds.

Mark 1: Also called “Harvard Mark 1” Could add two 10-digit numbers in about 0.3 seconds. 30 times faster than Pencil and paper.

ENIAC: Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer. Theworld's first electronic digital computer was developed byArmy Ordnance to compute World War II ballistic firingTables. Could add the same in 0.0002 seconds, 50,000 timesfaster than a human, and 1,500 times faster than the Mark 1.

General Vocabularyand Units

Bit: "Binary digIT" Computers happen to operate using the base-2 number system, also known as the binary number system ( 0, 1)

Byte: 8-bit collections (single, double precision) Digital: Send – Receive 0’s and 1’s Analog: AM - FM Hertz: Unit of Frequency Kilo-Hertz: 1000 Cycles Mega-Hertz: 1 million Cycles Giga-Hertz: 1 Billion Cycles

Components of a Computer System

Computer

Hardware SoftwareMotherboard Operating

SystemFloppy Office 2003Hard Drive Internet Explorer

Components of a Computer System

Input

Output

Storage

Process

Information Processing

Cycle

Components of a Computer System

Input Process Output

Storage

Types of Computer

The word "minicomputer" (colloquially, "mini") is a term for a class of smaller computers that evolved in the mid-1960s and sold for much less than mainframe and mid-size computers from IBM and its direct competitor. the term "minicomputer" came to mean a machine that lies in the middle range of the computing spectrum, in between the smallest mainframe computers and the microcomputers.

A data processing system employed mainly in large organizations for various applications, including bulk data processing, process control, industry and consumer statistics, enterprise resource planning, and financial transaction processing.Mainframes use proprietary operating systems, most of which are based on Unix, and a growing number on Linux. Over the years they have evolved from being room-sized to networked configurations of workstations and servers that are an extremely competitive and cost effective platforms for e-commerce development and hosting. Mainframes are so called because the earliest ones were housed in large metal frames.

A supercomputer is a computer at the frontline of current processing capacity, particularly speed of calculation. Introduced in 1960These computers were used for complex calculations such as forecasting weather and quantum physics. Today, supercomputers are one of a kind; they are fast and very advanced. The term supercomputer is always evolving as tomorrow's normal computers are today's supercomputer.

A microcomputer is a complete computer on a smaller scale and is generally a synonym for the more common term, personal computer or PC

Types of Computer

Hardware Devices

System Unit

PrinterOutput Device

Peripheral

MonitorOutput Device

PeripheralInput Device

StorageDevice

Input Device

Memory

Memory

RAM ROM

SRAM

DRAM

PROM

EPROM

Memory

SRAM: Static RAM

Random Access Memory

DRAM: Dynamic RAM

EPROM: Erasable Programmable ROM

PROM: Programmable ROM

Read Only Memory

1 MB2 MB4 MB8 MB16 MB32 MB64 MB128 MB

256 MB512 MB1024 MB

Extra Points: What mathematical equation describes the pattern?

Memory Size in MB

Monitors

Output device, Soft-Copy Output Resolution is given by the amount of

“Pixels” Two categories: CRT (Cathode Ray

Tubes) and LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)

Printers

Output Devices Hard Copy Output Resolution is given in “dsi”. Dots per

Inch. Two Categories: Laser (B&W, Color)

uses Toner. Inkjet (Color) uses ink cartridges.

Types of Software and Their Uses

Operating System Software (OS): Tell the computer how to work and what to do.Windows, Linux and Macintosh.

Driver: Software that tells a hardwarecomponent how to work.

Application Software: Accomplish a taskUsing a computer. Word, Excel,

PowerPoint

Test 1