Introduction to Clinical and Couneslling Psychology 02

7/24/2019 Introduction to Clinical and Couneslling Psychology 02

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The History of ClinicalPsychology

Zoltan Kovary PhD

ELTE PPK

Department of Clinical Psychology and Addictology

20!"# A$t$mn %emester


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%&etch of this lect$re

Historical roots ' reformmovements in the (th' )th cent$ry

History of assessmentsand diagnosis

History of interventions

History of research in CP History of CP as a

profession


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Historical *oots

The age of enlightment +(th cent,-

The po.er of &no.ledge/ reason/intelligence and insights

The philosophy of , , *o$ssea$+1211(-

H$man nat$re is good/ society isthe so$rce of pro3lems

The importance of emotions

The importance of n$rt$ring

The nat$ren$rt$re de3ate The )th cent$ry

The development of societies/science and h$man thin&ing


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*eform movements

Philippe Pinel +14!(2#- 5rance

The 3r$tality of 6mentalhospitalities7

The head of 8icetre then%alpetriere

Dramatic changes in patient

care H$mane attit$des 9oral therapy

+$nderstanding andindivid$al approach-


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*eform movements

:illiam T$&e +1;2(22- England the esta3lishment of .hat

might 3e called a model

hospital for the h$manetreatment of the sic& andtro$3led

Eli Todd +1#)(;;-


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*eform movements

Dorothea Di> +(02((1-


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The history of diagnosis and

assessment


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The 3eginnings +(!0)00-

5rancis alton +(22)-/ 8 $antitative methods

Anthropometric la3oratory/ ((2

, 9, Cattel +(#0)44-/ ogeno$s

and endogeno$s mental illnesses

The classification of mentaldisorders +P9D ' DementiaPraeco>-


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The 3eginnings of 9odern Era+)00)20- intelligence

The rise of mental meas$rement ordiagnostic"psychological testing

Alfred 8inet +)!1)-

@orms and the deviations fromnorms

)0(: Binet-Simon Scale F themes$rement of ?ntelligence

Charles %pearman +(#;)4!-

)04 eneral ?ntelligence F g +separate a3ilities/ Thorndi&e-

:orld :ar ?/


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The coming of 9odern Era +)00)20- Fpersonality ' clinical iss$es

C, , $ng +(1!)#- Word Association Test (1905)

To e>plore $nconscio$s comple>es 00 .ords as stim$li

*eaction time

:ord associations

*eprod$ction Typical mista&es

?nade$ate responses

Prolonged reaction time

9ista&es in reprod$ction *, :ood.orth +(#)F)#2-

Psychoneurotic Inentory/ )1

The first $estionnaire designed to assessa3normal 3ehavior


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8et.een the :ars +)20);)-

%$3stantial progress indiagnostic psychological testing

?ntelligence

);) :echsler 8ellev$e Test 3yD, :echsler

?I J P %tr$ct$re of ?ntelligence

Personality Proective tests +K, 5ran&/ );)-

!orschach test/ Hermann*orschach/ )2 Thematic A""erce"tion Test/ Henry

9$rray ' Christiana 9organ/ );0Ms Picture #rustration Test/ %a$l

*osen=.eig/ );(


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E>amples from the classicproective tests

TAT PFTRorschach


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After World War 2

Clinical psychologist the e>pert ofpsychodiagnostics

9eas$ra3le constr$cts

EP @e$roticism/ psychoticismN

99P? ' 2

O3ective selfreport

@o theoretical interpretation of scores orresponses are necessary

5rom the )!0Ms

*adical 3ehaviorism as a challenge

8ehavior diagnostics A res$rgence of interest in the )(0s and ))0s

D%9 s

@e$ropsychological assessment


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The scales of EP and 99P?

EPQ MMPI 1


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The history of ?nterventions


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Historical antecedents ofinterventions

%ocrates +410"4#) F ;)) 8C- The philosopher/ as the

6mid.ife7 of the so$l+6appropriate &no.ledge7-

Hippocrates +!th cent, 8C- Clinical e>plorations '

therape$tic e>periences

Avicenna +)1) 0;1- The first reported

6psychoherapy7

9aimonides +;! 204- 9oral therapy

Paracels$s +4); !4- %e>$al origins of hysteria


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A 19th century: triumphal ofhypnosis

9esmer +1;; (!- 6Animal magnetism7

, 8raid +1)! (#0-

Hypnoanesthesia Charcot +(2!();-

Hysteria and hypnosis

Lie3ea$lt +(2; )04- '8ernheim +(;1 ))-

The @ancy school of hypnosis 8re$er +(42)2!- ' 5re$d

+(!# );)- Tal&ing c$re ' cathartic

method +from ()!-


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Early decades: 1900-1920

Psychoanalysis 5ree associations The analyses of ne$rotic symptoms/

dreams and parapra>es to $nfold$nconscio$s conflicts

Transference The r$les of analytic treatment

Dissident schools

Alfred AdlerMs Indiidual"sycholo$y C, , $ngMsAnalytic%com"le&

"sycholo$y


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Between the wars 1920-19!9"

The development ofpsychoanalysis 9edical training re$ired


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After world war 2

The s$ccess of PA in the


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The history of research in

clinical psychology


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The 8eginnings +(!0)00-

:ilhelm :$ndt +(;2)20- (1)/ Leip=ig The first

formal psychological

la3oratory :illiam ames +(42)0-

((0 The first americanpsychological la3oratory

Princi"les o' Psycholo$y ?nfl$enced estaltpsychology

and 8ehaviorism


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The coming of 9odern Era+)00)20-

?, P, Pavlov The phenomena of

e>perimental ne$rosis indogs

%, 5re$d ?nvestigating ne$rosis in a

clinical conte>t +case st$dies-

8inet ' %imon ?ntelligence research .ith

tests


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Between the wars 1920-

19!9"6Clinical research .as

still in its infancy7

Test development :echslertest Proective tests

Academic scene

8ehaviorism estalt psychology


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After :orld :ar 2 9id)#0s diagnosis and

assessment had 3ecome lessimportant

Clinical psychologists 3egancond$cting research aimed atidentifying the etiolo$ical 'actors

of doisorders +after D%9 ???- %t$dies on the process and

effectiveness of psychotherapyemerged

*ogers/ )!

*esearch on psychological

inventories/ intervie.s/ and ratingscales increased

?ncreasing interest among clinicalpsychologists in the field of3ehavioral genetics


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The history of clinical

psychology as a profession

Th 3 i i f


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The 3eginning of a ne.profession

Lightner :itmer +(#1)!#- ?n ()#/ he esta3lished the

first psychological7 clinic,

?n )01/ he proposed ane. profession/ clinicalpsychology,

He served as fo$nder andeditor of the first o$rnal inthe field/ The Psycholo$ical

linic He developed the first

training program in clinicalpsychology


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#linical psycholo$y in Europe

6%cientistpractioner7modell Hans Eysenc&/ )#0Ms

8ritish/ scandinavian/d$tch training programs

)10s

ro.ing independencefrom psychodiagnostics

Therapa$tic activities


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#linical %sycholo$y in Hun$ary )#; ELTE psychologist training 5erenc 9RreiMs la3oratory/ )#0Ms

at O?E? )1; Post grad$al training

5erenc %=a&Scs

)(0 6Clinical psychology7 asa profession ))4 Department of Clinical

Psychology/ H?ETE Em&e 8agdy

2002 %emmel.eis


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Than& yo$ for yo$r

attentionU

Introduction to Clinical and Couneslling Psychology 02

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