Introduction to Camellias Yuri Panchul February, 2013 C. hybrid ‘Stars’N’StripesC. sasanqua...
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Transcript of Introduction to Camellias Yuri Panchul February, 2013 C. hybrid ‘Stars’N’StripesC. sasanqua...
![Page 1: Introduction to Camellias Yuri Panchul February, 2013 C. hybrid ‘Stars’N’StripesC. sasanqua ‘Enishi’C. sasanqua ‘French.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56649ce35503460f949af0c8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Introduction to Camellias
Yuri PanchulFebruary, 2013
http://panchul.comhttp://sazanka.org
C. hybrid ‘Stars’N’Stripes C. sasanqua ‘Enishi’ C. sasanqua ‘French Vanilla’
![Page 2: Introduction to Camellias Yuri Panchul February, 2013 C. hybrid ‘Stars’N’StripesC. sasanqua ‘Enishi’C. sasanqua ‘French.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56649ce35503460f949af0c8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Genus Camellia
• Family Theaceae• Three systems of taxonomy– J. Robert Sealy, 1958• 12 sections, 82 species
– Chang Hung Ta, 1981• 4 subgenera, 22 sections, 280 species
– Ming Tien-lu, 2000• 2 subgenera, 14 sections, 119 species
![Page 3: Introduction to Camellias Yuri Panchul February, 2013 C. hybrid ‘Stars’N’StripesC. sasanqua ‘Enishi’C. sasanqua ‘French.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56649ce35503460f949af0c8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Introduction to Camellias Yuri Panchul February, 2013 C. hybrid ‘Stars’N’StripesC. sasanqua ‘Enishi’C. sasanqua ‘French.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56649ce35503460f949af0c8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Wild species distribution
![Page 5: Introduction to Camellias Yuri Panchul February, 2013 C. hybrid ‘Stars’N’StripesC. sasanqua ‘Enishi’C. sasanqua ‘French.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56649ce35503460f949af0c8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Species overview
• Main decorative species– Most popular - C. japonica– Fall-flowering, sun-tolerant - C. sasanqua– Largest flowers - C. retuculata
• Tea camellia – C. sinensis• Oil camellia – C. oleifera• Golden camellia – C. chrysanta• Everblooming camellia – C. azalea
![Page 6: Introduction to Camellias Yuri Panchul February, 2013 C. hybrid ‘Stars’N’StripesC. sasanqua ‘Enishi’C. sasanqua ‘French.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56649ce35503460f949af0c8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Camellia japonica
• Originated in Japan• Japanese name Tsubaki• Wild form - red• Shadow loving• Many thousand cultivars• Many formal doubles• Flowers January – March• Problem with Petal Blight
Camellia japonica‘Glen 40’ / ‘Coquettii’
![Page 7: Introduction to Camellias Yuri Panchul February, 2013 C. hybrid ‘Stars’N’StripesC. sasanqua ‘Enishi’C. sasanqua ‘French.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56649ce35503460f949af0c8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Camellia sasanqua
• Originated in Japan• Japanese name Sazanka• Wild form – white• Sun-tolerant• Less formal• Free-flowering• Flowers September-
DecemberCamellia sasanqua‘Asakura’
![Page 8: Introduction to Camellias Yuri Panchul February, 2013 C. hybrid ‘Stars’N’StripesC. sasanqua ‘Enishi’C. sasanqua ‘French.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56649ce35503460f949af0c8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Flower forms
• Single• Semi-double• Anemone• Peony or informal double• Rose-form double• Formal double
![Page 9: Introduction to Camellias Yuri Panchul February, 2013 C. hybrid ‘Stars’N’StripesC. sasanqua ‘Enishi’C. sasanqua ‘French.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56649ce35503460f949af0c8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Single japonica – Kamo Honnami
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Single sasanquaTrue red C. x vernalis ‘Yuletide’
![Page 11: Introduction to Camellias Yuri Panchul February, 2013 C. hybrid ‘Stars’N’StripesC. sasanqua ‘Enishi’C. sasanqua ‘French.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56649ce35503460f949af0c8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Single sasanquaTrue red C. x vernalis ‘Yuletide’
![Page 12: Introduction to Camellias Yuri Panchul February, 2013 C. hybrid ‘Stars’N’StripesC. sasanqua ‘Enishi’C. sasanqua ‘French.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56649ce35503460f949af0c8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Semi-double japonica – Masayoshiwith viral variegation
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Semi-double hybrid ‘Stars’N’Stripes’with genetic varigation
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Two sasanquas – single Narumigataand informal double White Doves
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Rose-form double: dwarf C. sasanqua ‘Dwarf Shishi’ by Toichi Domoto
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Formal double C. japonica ‘Desire’
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Anemone C. japonica (‘Elegans’ group)
![Page 18: Introduction to Camellias Yuri Panchul February, 2013 C. hybrid ‘Stars’N’StripesC. sasanqua ‘Enishi’C. sasanqua ‘French.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56649ce35503460f949af0c8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Anemone C. sasanqua ‘Choji Guruma’
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Wild species: Camellia grijsii
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New rose-form double from China:C. grijsii ‘Zhenzhucha‘
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Small leaves: Camellia puniceiflora
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Tea tree - Camellia sinensis
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Ancient History - Japan• First mention - red japonica– 1st century AD– A province of Kyushyu Island– A governor used camellia club in a
battle
• First white japonica– 7th century AD– Presented to Emperor Temmu
• Became popular in 14th century– Muromachi period– Traditional Japanese garden
![Page 24: Introduction to Camellias Yuri Panchul February, 2013 C. hybrid ‘Stars’N’StripesC. sasanqua ‘Enishi’C. sasanqua ‘French.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56649ce35503460f949af0c8/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Camellias in the World
• China – the origin of genus Camellia– C. reticulata near Buddhist Monasteries
• Europe– Dates of arrival vary from 1550 to 1730– Linnaeus named the genus after George Kamel– Greatest popularity – Victorian England
• Australia and New Zealand– E.G.Waterhouse, Paradise Plants nursery
![Page 25: Introduction to Camellias Yuri Panchul February, 2013 C. hybrid ‘Stars’N’StripesC. sasanqua ‘Enishi’C. sasanqua ‘French.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56649ce35503460f949af0c8/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
The Huntington Botanical Gardens
• San Marino, California• Place to visit• Large mature collection• Classic garden• Species garden• Japanese garden• Chinese garden• Bonsai
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A flower from Huntington
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Nursery and hybridizers– Nuccio’s Nurseries in Altadena, California
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Tom Nuccio at Filoli Garden
![Page 29: Introduction to Camellias Yuri Panchul February, 2013 C. hybrid ‘Stars’N’StripesC. sasanqua ‘Enishi’C. sasanqua ‘French.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56649ce35503460f949af0c8/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Small leaves:C. sasanqua ‘Jewel Box’ by Nuccios
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Short internodes: C. sasanqua ‘Sasanqua Compacta’ from Nuccio
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Silvery leaves: C. sasanqua ‘Silverado’ from Nuccio’s
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John Wang, a hybridizer from Bay Area
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Bob Erhart’s garden in Walnut Creek
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Bob Erhart’s garden
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Bob Erhart’s garden - seedlings
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Camellia seeds (C. checkiangoleosa)
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Y.C. Shen – Camellia book author living in the Bay Area
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Y.C. Shen book
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Dan Charvet, Heartwood NurseryFort Bragg, California
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Yuri Panchul’s Seedling #0011
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Gallo Winery, Modesto, California
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BonsaiGarden
at Lake MerrittOakland
California
Camellia x vernalis ‘Yuletide’
![Page 43: Introduction to Camellias Yuri Panchul February, 2013 C. hybrid ‘Stars’N’StripesC. sasanqua ‘Enishi’C. sasanqua ‘French.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56649ce35503460f949af0c8/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Recommendations about culture• Sun in California– 70% shade for C. japonica– 30% shade for C. sasanqua
• Sasanqua may tolerate from 0% shade to 80% shade• Watering 2-3 times a week during summer– Once a week during winter
• Temperature – not a problem in California– Japonica is generally hardy down to 15 °F (-10 °C)
• Pruning is optional• With proper culture, insects and diseases are rarely a
problem– Petal blight is an exception
![Page 44: Introduction to Camellias Yuri Panchul February, 2013 C. hybrid ‘Stars’N’StripesC. sasanqua ‘Enishi’C. sasanqua ‘French.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56649ce35503460f949af0c8/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Fertilization for the ground• Any form of nitrogen
– Ammonium sulphate, synthetic urea– Blood meal, Chicken manure– Water two days before and immediately after fertilization
• Phosphorus, Potassium, microelements are not recommended – our California soil already has plenty of them
• One application in March maybe enough– Second application in July is optional
• But watch for heat waves – do not fertilize during hot weather
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Fertilization for the container
• Before each burst of growth– April 15 and 4th of July
• Liquid Camellia fertilizer at half-recommended strength
• Water two days before fertilizing– Plant should not be water-stressed
• Osmocote is not recommended – may quickly release during hot weather
• Cottonseed meal (3:2:1) is a viable alternative
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Recommended container soil mix
• Equal parts of peat moss, perlite and “Camellia & Azalea mix” from the store– Watering 2-3 times a week on summer– once a week during winter
• Why not just a store mix?– Too heavy = root rot
• Why not just peat moss and perlite?– Once dry it difficult to make moist again
• Why not just a store mix and perlite?– Not acid enough, may contribute to chrolosis
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Thank you!