Introduction to Bioinformatics Slides
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Transcript of Introduction to Bioinformatics Slides
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A brief Introduction to Bioinformatics
Y. SINGH
NELSON R. MANDELA SCHOOL OF MEDICINEDEPARTMENT OF TELEHEALTH
Content licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported
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Learning Objectives
What is BioinformaticsWhy is it importantExamples of Bioinformatics applicationWhat is SequencingUses of Sequencing
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Building Blocks of DNABases are the building blocks of DNADNA uses four different bases:
Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine & ThymineConnected by 2’-deoxy-ribose-
phosphate backbone
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DNA
Please watch Video One
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Information in DNA is Transferred to RNA & into Proteins
DNA (ACGT on deoxyribose backbone)
RNA (ACGU on ribose backbone)
Proteins (amino acids on peptide backbone)
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Information in RNA Encodes Proteins
Triplets of RNA nucleotides encode 20 amino acids
8 essential amino acids
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DNA Mutates
Mutations in DNA (changes in bases) can changes in amino acids can changes in proteins
Mutations can be:
Inherited: sickle cell disease, cystic fibrosis, susceptibility to some cancers (BRCA: breast cancer)
Acquired: some birth defects, leukemia, HIV resistance
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Definition
Bioinformatics : applied mathematics, informatics, statistics, computer science, artificial intelligence, chemistry, biochemistry etc
to solve biological problems usually on the molecular level
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What can Bioinformatics do
sequence alignment,gene finding, genome assembly, protein structure alignment, protein structure prediction, predict products of gene expression protein-protein interactions,the modeling of evolution.
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What can Bioinformatics do
sequence alignment,gene finding, genome assembly, protein structure alignment, protein structure prediction, predict products of gene expression protein-protein interactions,the modeling of evolution.
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Sequence Alignment
Compare genes within a species
Search genesBLAST
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BIOAFICA:
http://www.bioafrica.net/rega-genotype/html/subtypinghiv.html
STANFORD HIV-DB: http://hivdb.stanford.edu/
Demonstration: Video Two
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FINDING SIMILARITIESHTTP://WWW.EBI.AC.UK/TOOLS/CLUSTALW2/INDEX.HTML
HTTP://WWW.NCBI.NLM.NIH.GOV/SITES/ENTREZ?DB=PROTEIN&CMD=SEARCH
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Implications for clinical informatics
Sequence information in medical recordsNew diagnostic and prognostic information
sourcesEthical considerations
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The work is provided under the terms of this Creative Commons Public License (“CCPL" or "license"). The work is protected by copyright
and/or other applicable law. Any use of the work other than as authorized under this license or copyright law is prohibited.
Thank You