Introduction to Authority Control at Yale July 16, 2007.
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Transcript of Introduction to Authority Control at Yale July 16, 2007.
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Introduction toAuthority Control
at Yale
July 16, 2007
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Outline
1. Overview
2. NACO
3. SACO
4. MARS/ExportQ
5. Voyager
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1. Overview
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Authority control terminology
authority control: ideal state for the headings in a library catalog
authority work: activities that help to achieve goal of authority control
authority record: place to record info about a heading (name, subject, series, etc.)
authority file: collection of authority records
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Authority control
each name, subject, series, etc., in the catalog has a unique form of heading
unique heading recorded in an authority record (1xx)
cross references for forms not used (4xx)
cross references for related headings (5xx)
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Authority record
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Why authority control important?
improved searching for patrons and staffonly one search needed to retrieve all items by a particular author, etc.
cross references guide users to correct headings and show related headings
similar headings (representing different persons, etc.) are differentiated rather than lumped together
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Why not use keyword searching?
many keywords needed for comprehensive search:
words in different languages
variant spellings (English vs. American)
synonyms
grammatical variations (singular vs. plural)
typically, no obvious order to search results
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Authority control problems (1)
authority work is time-consuming (and thus expensive)
not enough resources to control all headings in the catalog
must prioritize
which kinds of authority work to pursue
which headings will receive most attention
helpful to automate some processes
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Authority control problems (2)authority files are dynamicnew authority records are continually added old authority records are frequently revisedlibraries need ways to:
get new and changed authority recordsdo retrospective bib heading cleanup
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Many kinds of authority work ...Cataloging staff:
validation of headings in bib records in Orbisauthority record creation through NACO/SACO
Authority Control Librarian:oversee automated processing of bib record headings using authorities service (MARS)authority record deletionsretrospective bib heading cleanup in Orbis
IS&P (Systems) staff:oversee MARS authority/bib record loads in Orbis
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Subject thesauri used at Yale
LCSH (subjects)
MESH (subjects; accept on copy but don’t assign)
AAT (form/genre)
GSAFD (form/genre)
GMGTC (form/genre)
LCTGM (form/genre)
RBMS thesauri (form/genre)
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Local Yale subject headings
aka “Special Collections Subjects” in OPAC
assigned in 69X fields, mostly by special collections units
often use a combination of authorized name + local subdivision
ask before using new ones!
http://www.library.yale.edu/cataloging/authorities/69X.html
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Where is Yale documentation?
“Authority Control at Yale” website:
http://www.library.yale.edu/cataloging/authorities/
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2. NACO
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What is NACO?
Name Authority Cooperative Program
overseen by Library of Congress
part of larger Program for Cooperative Cataloging
allows catalogers to contribute authority records to the national authority file
authority records are shared by catalogers throughout the world
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Before NACO...
only Library of Congress could create authority records for national authority file
Yale created authority records only in Orbis
other libraries created authority records in their local catalogs
no way of sharing authority records and everyone used different forms of headings
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Yale’s NACO process
create our NACO records in OCLC “save file”
OCLC sends them to the Library of Congress
LC distributes them widely (OCLC, RLIN, BL, CDS, etc.)
receive authority records for Orbis through the MARS service and for LCDB through the vendor Peter Ward
IS&P loads new authority records weekly
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Yale’s NACO history
limited NACO participation before 1996
names training by LC: 1996
series training by LC: 1999, 2003
all training now done locally by Authority Control Librarian
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Reasons for expanding our NACO participation
keep Orbis authority file synchronized with national file
improve catalogers’ skills
cooperate with other libraries in shared catalog environment
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NACO administration at Yale
NACO Coordinating Committee (NCC)reports to Cataloging Coordinating Council
oversees NACO record review, documentation, policy recommendations, communication
monthly meetings
minutes posted on web site
http://www.library.yale.edu/cataloging/authorities/ncc.html
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NACO communication at Yale
YUL-NACO discussion list
http://mailman.yale.edu/pipermail/yul-naco/
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NACO training: LC vs. Yale
LC = 5 full days of name training
LC = 3 full days of series training
LC = large class size
Yale = spread out over multiple weeks
Yale = greater customization possible
Yale = smaller class size
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Upcoming NACO Training
Last names training done in June 2007
Next training session coming soon!
Usually use SCML classroom at Mudd Library
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How to prepare for training (1)
save examples of headings that lack authority records
for each heading, save:bib record print-out or ID#
photocopy of page(s) in item where the name appears (including variant forms)
photocopy of page(s) in reference source containing biographical information
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How to prepare for training (2)
review in Cataloger’s Desktop:AACR2 chapters 21-26 & LCRIsMARC21 for Authority DataNACO Participants’ Manual
review on Yale website:Authority Control Workflow for Catalog Librarians
http://www.library.yale.edu/cataloging/authorities/acworkflow.htm
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For more information
NACO section of the “Authority Control at Yale” website
http://www.library.yale.edu/cataloging/authorities/names.html
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NACO questions?
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Part 3: SACO
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What is SACO?
Subject Authority Cooperative Program
part of Program for Cooperative Cataloging
overseen by Library of Congress
allows catalogers to propose new subject headings for LCSH (and changes to existing subject authority records)
all proposals must be approved by LC
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Yale’s SACO history
informal and infrequent participation
local documentation first issued 2002
started conducting local LCSH training for catalogers in 2004; repeated in 2005, 2006
SACO Coordinating Committee formed 2005
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SACO administration at Yale
SACO Coordinating Committee (SCC)reports to Cataloging Coordinating Council
oversees SACO record review, documentation, policy recommendations, communication
infrequent meetings on “as needed” basis
minutes posted on web sitehttp://www.library.yale.edu/cataloging/authorities/scc.html
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Before proposing a heading…
review in Cataloger’s Desktop:Subject Cataloging ManualMARC21 for Authority DataSACO Participants’ Manual
review on Yale website:“SACO + Subjects” links
http://www.library.yale.edu/cataloging/authorities/subjects.html
SACO Workflowhttp://www.library.yale.edu/cataloging/authorities/sacoworkflow.htm
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List of Yale SACO headings
Examples:East Rock Park (New Haven, Conn.)
ENIAC (Computer)
Male language (Ethiopia)
Papal States--History--Paul V, 1605-1621.
Waterphone (Musical instrument) http://www.library.yale.edu/cataloging/authorities/saco.htm
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SACO questions?
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4. MARS/ExportQ
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What is MARS?
MARC Record Service
automated authority control service
corrects headings in bib records
sends matching authority records
sends authority record updates
sends reports (many!)
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Why do we use MARS?
to “clean up” incorrect and obsolete headings in bib records
to eliminate need for staff to import authority records manually
to keep Yale authority file current
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MARS history
developed by the Washington Library Network (WLN)
owned by OCLC 2000-2004
owned by Backstage Library Works since late 2004
Yale used another authority control service (OCLC ACS) from 1997-2000
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MARS administration at Yale
Authority Control Advisory Committee (ACAC)reports to CCC
oversees testing, documentation, policy recommendations
monthly meetings
minutes posted on web site
http://www.library.yale.edu/cataloging/authorities/acac.htm
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How does MARS work?
staff use ExportQ program to flag finished bib records for export to MARS
IS&P extracts flagged bib records on weekly basis and sends to MARS
MARS processes and returns records
IS&P loads returned records back into Orbis (overlaying original records)
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How long does it take?
usually less than one week
bib records sent to MARS each Sunday night
bib records loaded back into Orbis by Friday
matching authority records also loaded weekly
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While records are at MARS...
ExportQ window displays red warning
ExportQ icon flashes in system tray
must not edit, suppress, or delete any bib record that is out for MARS processing
okay to edit holdings and item records
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Who needs to use ExportQ?
anyone who “finishes” the cataloging for bibliographic records
anyone who edits, suppresses, or deletes “finished” bibliographic records
staff who only work with in-process records, order records, or records for items going to a backlog do not need ExportQ
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When you “finish” a bib record...
use ExportQ to flag your record for export to the appropriate utilities and to MARS
most units = send to RLIN, OCLC, and MARS
nonroman units = send to OCLC and MARS
select your export destinations and click “send”
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Keep in mind...
red warning won’t appear immediately after you “send” the record for export
warning only appears when IS&P does the real export (usually the following week)
okay to make further changes to the bib record before real export happens
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If you edit “finished” records...
check the ExportQ window or icon before you start to edit, suppress, or delete a “finished” bib record
if you see a red warning message or the icon is flashing, stop!
come back to the record in a few days after the warning has disappeared
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If you ignore ExportQ warning…
any changes you make will get overlaid when the record returns from MARS and is loaded back into Orbis
if you suppress the record, it will revert back to unsuppressed
if you delete the record, a new one will load
don’t do it!!!
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How can I tell if record is back from MARS?
ExportQ warning message will no longer display
bib record “History” tab will say “MARSBIB” and show date of record overlay
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For more informationMARS section of the “Authority Control at Yale” website
http://www.library.yale.edu/cataloging/authorities/mars.html
ExportQ section of the “Authority Control at Yale” website
http://www.library.yale.edu/cataloging/authorities/exportq.html
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MARS/ExportQ questions?
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5. Voyager
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What is Voyager?
library management system (LMS) from company called Endeavor
allows us to create/update records in Orbis database (catalog)
allows us to access records in LCDB database (local resource file)
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LCDB vs. Orbis
LCDB contains all the authority records in the national file
Orbis contains only those authority records that match headings in our bib records
both lag behind the national file somewhat
Only LCDB has subdivision authority records and authority “reference records”
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Authority work in Voyager
1. global change of bib headings
2. manual change of bib headings
3. heading validation at point of cataloging
4. manual updates of authority records (limited)
5. authority record loads (new and changed)
6. authority record deletes
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1. Global change of bib headings
clunky and not used much
must have authority record for entire string
doesn’t take tags, indicators, or subfield codes into account
looking into Gary Strawn’s Correction Receiver program as a replacement
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2. Manual change of bib headingswhen processing MARS reportswhen receive request from technical services staff (if more than 20 headings)when receive request from public services staff and patronsbest to submit requests using request form:
http://www.library.yale.edu/cataloging/change_request.htm
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3. Heading validation
automatic authorities validation each time bib record saved to database
system trying to determine whether bib heading matches authority record
variety of possible validation messages for each heading
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Which headings to verify?
workflow for catalog librarians:http://www.library.yale.edu/cataloging/authorities/
acworkflow.htm#verifywhich
workflow for C&T staff:http://www.library.yale.edu/cataloging/authorities/
ctacworkflow.htm#which
no real policy for acquisitions staff yet
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What do messages mean?
web page created to explain authority validation messages and suggest appropriate action for each:
http://www.library.yale.edu/cataloging/authorities/tips/authvalidationmessages.html
reduces need for authority record searching but does not completely eliminate
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If authorities validation fails …sometimes have to manually search for authority records in Orbis:
http://www.library.yale.edu/cataloging/authorities/tips.html#search
if no luck, try one of the following (all are free): LCDBLC Authorities on the webOCLC online authority file
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Other validation options
can validate headings individually (ctrl + H)
can retrieve all authority records associated with a bib record (Record > Retrieve Authorities)
staff presentation from Voyager migration:
http://www.library.yale.edu/cataloging/authorities/authvalidation/img0.html
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4. Manual updates of authority records (limited)
done by catalogers only to record series decisions (e.g. whether classed together or separately) and call numbers
occasionally may need to import an authority record before you can update it
Other updates done through NACO in OCLC
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5. Authority record loads
MARS knows which authority records we have in Orbis and sends:
authority records we don’t yet have if they match bib headings sent through processing
authority records that we already have if they have been recently updated in the national file
loads are done by IS&P and ITS
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Authority record merge problemmerge profile defined to preserve local updates during authority record loads match point is 010 field (LCCN)system instructed to retain any 644 or 646 field with $5CtY (or other Yale code) that does not match incoming recordproblem: retains entire field (not just CtY decision) so end up with multiple fields containing much duplicate information
http://www.library.yale.edu/cataloging/authorities/mergeproblem.html
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6. Authority record deletes
MARS sends us reports of authority records that have been deleted in the national file
MARS also sends the actual deleted records
cannot load deleted records in Voyager
Authority Control Librarian uses Gary Strawn’s Authority Delete program to delete the records automatically
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For more information
Voyager section of the “Authority Control at Yale” website:
http://www.library.yale.edu/cataloging/authorities/voyager.html
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Voyager questions?
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Contact Information
Manon Théroux, 432-8376
Authority Control Librarian
Catalog Department, SML