Introduction to Android · 2014-05-26 · Introduction to Android Lecture 1 Android Native...

Introduction to AndroidLecture 1

Android Native Development Kit

9 February 2014

NDK Introduction to Android, Lecture 1 1/30

Rules and Grading

Android Architecture

Application components

IPC

Tools

Keywords


Outline

Rules and Grading



IPC

Tools

Keywords


Rules and Grading

I Petre Eftime & Laura Gheorghe

I Course and lab: 17:00 - 20:00, Tuesdays

I Project: 20:00 - 21:00, TuesdaysI Grading

I 10% lecture and lab activityI 10% assignmentI 40% projectI 40% final examI 10% bonus for feedback


Outline

Rules and Grading



IPC

Tools

Keywords



Source: http://commons.wikimedia.org



I Linux kernelI AOSP

I RuntimeI LibrariesI Application framework

I Applications


Linux kernel

I Patches on top of mainline Linux

I Android Mainlining Project

I Wakelocks (also added to Linux 3.5)

I Low-Memory Killer, Binder, Alarm, Logger, etc.

I Only suspend to memory


Android Runtime

I Dalvik Virtual Machine (Java VM)

I Runs Dalvik-specific byte-code generated from Java-basedapps, system components

I Apache Harmony project (implementation of Java libraries)

I Designed for embedded systems (slow CPU, small RAM, noswap, battery)

I Works with .dex files instead of .jar filesI Dalvik Executable FormatI .dex is 50% smaller than corresponding .jar


Android Runtime

. . .

Class1.java

Class2.java

ClassN.java

. . .

Class1.classconstant pool

class definitiondata

Javacompiler

Class2.classconstant pool


ClassN.classconstant pool


classes.dexheader

constant poolClass1 definitionClass2 definition

...ClassN definition

data

dx


Libraries

I bioniC (libc)I Much smaller than glibc

I sqliteI Managing SQL databases

I OpenGL ESI Standard software interface for 3D processing hardware

I WebKitI Display web pagesI Android, Apple iOS, BlackBerry, Tizen

I SSLI Securing the communication over Internet


Application Framework

I ServicesI Managers

I TelephonyI LocationI ActivityI PackageI Notification

I Content Providers


Application Framework

Application process System processes

Binder Service 1

Thread

Binder Service N

Thread. . .

Application APIRPCstub

Native application libraries

JNI


Outline

Rules and Grading



IPC

Tools

Keywords



I User interactionI Activities

I Background functionalityI ServicesI Broadcast ReceiversI Content Providers


Activity

I User interface

I Similar to a window from window-based GUIs

I Cannot be minimized, maximized, resized

I Uses the whole visual area

I User interacts with a single activity at a timeI Activities stack

I Activities launch other activitiesI Back button for returning to the previous activityI No forward button

I Start activities with intents


Activity Lifecycle

Source: http://developer.android.com


Service

I Background threadI Runs in the same process as the application

I Can be configured to run in another process

I Provide services to the other applications

I Communication through the Binder


Broadcast Receiver

I Receive broadcast announcementsI Low batteryI RebootI Application state changes

I Can receive global or local broadcastsI Choose which broadcasts to receive

I Intent filters

I Intents

I Active only when receiving a broadcast


Content Provider

I Store and share application data

I Required for sharing data

I Relational database

I URI for identifying the provider and the table

I Content Resolver uses the URI to send a query to the provider

I Active only when responding to a request


Outline

Rules and Grading



IPC

Tools

Keywords


Intents

I Send message, determine action executionI Purpose

I Start activities, start or bind servicesI Delivering broadcast messages to receivers

I Dispatched by the Android systemI Includes action and data

I ACTION DIAL content://contacts/people/1

I TypesI Explicit: directed towards a specific receiverI Implicit: a receiver which can resolve the action


Binder

I Lightweight RPC

I Remote object invocation

I In process and interprocess

I Transmit parcels of data

I Synchronous calls (blocking)


Outline

Rules and Grading



IPC

Tools

Keywords


SDK Tools

I Android SDK ManagerI Download SDK packages

I AVD ManagerI Manages Android Virtual Devices (for emulator)

I EmulatorI Virtual mobile devices running on a PC

I Dalvik Debug Monitor Server (ddms)I Debugging toolI Port forwarding, screen capture, call and SMS spoofing,

location spoofing, etc.


SDK Tools

I Android Debug Bridge (adb)I Communication between the development tools and (virtual)

device

I dxI Generates the classes.dex file from several .class files

I Android Interface Definition Language (aidl)I To allow clients from another application to access your serviceI Generates interfaces and stubs that are used by the Binder

I Android Asset Packaging Tool (aapt)I Create, update and view Zip-compatible archives (zip, apk, jar)I Compile resources into binary assets (XML files, etc.)

I dexdumpI Disassembler toolI Obtain the Dalvik bytecode from classes.dex


Android Debug Bridge

I Three componentsI Client: runs on the development machineI Server: background process on the development machineI Daemon: background process on the (virtual) device

I Copy files

I Install applications

I Debug

I Shell on the (virtual) device


Emulator

I QEMU

I Screen, Keyboard, Network, Audio, GPS, RadioI Can be acceleration through virtualization

I x86 System ImageI Intel Hardware Accelerated Execution Manager (HAXM) on

WindowsI KVM on Linux

I GPU accelerated


Outline

Rules and Grading



IPC

Tools

Keywords


Keywords

I Linux kernel

I AOSP

I Android Runtime

I Libraries

I Activities

I Services

I Broadcast Receivers

I Content Providers

I Intents

I Binders

I ADB

I Emulator


Introduction to Android · 2014-05-26 · Introduction to Android Lecture 1 Android Native...

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