INTRODUCTION TO ANDREA & BUSH Web viewDigital Camera Traps at core zone ... general word for ... 9%...

NAM ET – PHOU LOUEY NATIONAL PROTECTED AREA PROJECT PLAN

Santi SaypanyaWildlife Conservation Society – Lao PDR Program -- Nam Et – Phou Louey National Protected Area

August 2009

THEORY OF CHANGE FORMULATarget Audiences: Hunters (these are the illegal hunters; in the survey they are selected as village militia and village police);

Villagers (these are all local villagers who can help report illegal hunting and include legal hunters; they are the random sample of the survey and selected as everyone who is not a government officer or village militia or village police);

Government Officers (these are about 100 officers who are involved in enforcing the regulations but are often part of the problem, accepting bribes, buying bush meat and trading ammunition; in the survey they are selected for as police, military, NPA rangers, financial officers, agriculture department officers and judiciary)

K + A + IC + BR BC TR CR

3

Tiger prey (Guar, Sambar Deer, Serow, Muntjac and Wild Pig) population increase allowing tiger populations to increase.

Illegal hunting (hunting with modern equipment, in the core zone, in other communities’ village use areas or for trade, and hunting illegal species) of tiger prey species is reduced or eliminated

1. Hunters will only hunt legally (hunt muntjac and wild pig in village use area using traditional equipments for food) and will stop hunting in the core zone, with modern equipment, for trade, and in other people’s village use areas)

2. Villagers in each community will put pressure on hunters who hunt illegally to stop robbing community of food security.

3. Villagers, hunters and government officers report all illegal hunting to WCU.

4. Government officers will follow and enforce the wildlife regulations (stop buying illegal bush meat, trading ammunition or accepting bribes).

A steering committee will be created and run by some 20 Government officers endorsed by the District Governor representing 6 different government bodies. Under their guidance the enforcement system with regards to wildlife trade will be improved through the introduction of a gun licensing system, an improved incentive and reward system for both officers and informants, introduction of a rotation system of local police and military staff, switch to a centralized prosecution system, regular meetings of the steering committee.

Villagers in each community will put pressure on hunters who hunt illegally (using modern weapons and equipments in village use area and NPA core zone and/or hunting for trade) to stop.(this is a BC for legal hunters and a BR for illegal hunters)

Hunters and villagers talk to each other about benefits of following regulations for food security and the need and rewards of reporting poachers.

Hunters talk about hunting regulations and penalties and risks of getting caught.

Government officers talk about following and enforcing wildlife crime regulations.

Hunters and villagers feel greater ownership over their natural resources and agree that the hunting regulations are important for ensuring local food security. In particular they agree that hunting for trade is wrong as it robs the local community of their food.

Government officers agree that all forms of illegal hunting and trade are a serious offence and they should be part of the solution rather than the problem.

Hunters and villagers increase their knowledge of hunting regulations and the importance of following them for food security in the local villages.

Hunters, villagers and government officers become aware of the penalties and risks of breaking wildlife regulations.

Hunters, villagers and government officers know the benefits of following wildlife regulations and benefits of reporting people who break the regulations.

Annalisa Bianchessi, 01/24/10,

Need to insert baseline data and target


Need to insert baseline data and target

Theory of Change narrative: In order to increase the Indochinese tiger population at Nam Et Phou Louey (NEPL) National Protected Area (NPA) and protect the tiger prey (5 species of ungulates: Guar, Sambar Deer, Serow, Muntjac and Wild Pig) the campaign will aim to reduce the threat of illegal hunting (hunting with modern equipment, in the core zone, in other communities’ village use areas, for trade, and hunting illegal species such as Serow, guar and sambar deer, or hunting legal species out of season).

The Pride campaign will use proven social marketing activities to change the behavior of 3 main target audiences (illegal hunters, villagers and government officers) in 35 communities in and around the NEPL NPA.

The villagers (who include legal hunters) will be called to report people who hunt illegally as they are robbing the community of their food security. The incentives system for reporters will be improved to support this.

Illegal Hunters will be moved to stop hunting illegally through peer pressure from villagers. The risk of illegal hunting will be increased through better enforcement systems (such as the introduction of a gun licensing system and better communication between enforcement bodies and allocation of designated staff) and prosecution.

Government officers will be moved to consider wildlife trade a serious offence and so both following the regulations and enforcing them.

At the end, the campaign’s impact will be measured by pre and post surveys of community members, patrol records of village use zone and NPA core zone observations, camera trapping of hunters entering the NPA core zone, ungulates occupancy survey in campaign and control sites in comparing the numbers of preys in 2008 and 2012, as well as illegal weapon holders in the NPA and the change in violations of illegal hunting. In order to be a true success, the campaign will have reduced the unsustainable harvest of tiger prey (Guar, Sambar Deer, Muntjac, Wild Pig) in targeted communities by the proxy indicators in our behavioral objectives before August 31, 2010.

4

INTRODUCTION by Santi Saypanya

I am Santi Saypanya, Rare Pride Campaign Manager, currently, I am a senior project officer at the WCS, Lao country office, resposible for many different aspects of conservation education and outreach. All of my work focuses on the outreach component of the NEPL NPA “Tiger’s Forever Site” located in the nothern part of Laos. I have been implementing conservation education and outreach programs for nearly 5 years in the NEPL NPA. During this time with WCS, I have helped design conservation education and outreach activities, produce conservation materials, used mass media (radio) as a tool for conservation, and conducted project monitoring and evaluation. Most of this time I have spent working with local communities throughout Lao in order to secure biodiversity while securing food security for them. In March 2007 I was chosen to attend Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) Fellowship Program which held in New York led by Education department of WCS. In January 2009 I was chosen to attend Rare’s Pride Program.

5

TABLE OF CONTENTS A. Executive Summary pg. 6

B. Project Site1.0 Site summary pg. 192.0 Project team & stakeholders pg. 27

C. Concept Models (3.0) pg. 29D. Threat Analysis (4.0) pg. 34E. Formative Research

5.0 Directed conversations pg. 426.0 Management options (BRAVO) pg. 487.0 Results chain & preliminary objectives pg. 518.0 Establishing a baseline pg. 539.0 Survey results pg. 5510.0 Understanding our audience pg. 68

F. Revised Concept Models11.0 Revised concept model pg. 70

G. Campaign Strategy12.0 Barrier Removal Operation’s Plan pg. 7313.0 Complementary partner interventions pg. 8814.0 Benefit ladders pg. 8915.0 SMART objectives pg. 9116.0 Marketing mix pg. 9417.0 Campaign messages pg. 9618.0 Monitoring plan pg. 99

H. Theory of Change (19.0) pg. 103

I. Budget & Timeline (20.0) pg. 110

6

A. Executive Summary

The executive summary provides a snapshot view of the entire Pride campaign from site background and conservation threats to target audiences and Pride activities designed to reach each audience. These pages are best used as a reference tool after reading through the project plan.

CAMPAIGN SNAPSHOT

COUNTRY (UN), State or Province Laos, Vientiane

Site name Nam Et – Phou Louey (NEPL) National Protected Area (NPA)

RarePlanet URL http://rareplanet.org/en/campaign/nam-et-phou-louey-national-protected-area-nepl-npa

Cohort information (Cohort name, number and principal manager)

Node: Georgetown University at Washington D.C; PEP1 (9 Stars Coming to America)Name: PEP1, 9*CTANam Et – Phou Louey (NEPL) National Protected Area (NPA)Number: NPA - LAOSTGManager: Annalisa Bianchessi

Project dates August 2008 – August 2010

Lead agency Wildlife Conservation Society – Lao PDR Program

Lead agency contact (e.g. Executive Director)

Dr. Arlyne JohnsonCountry Program Co-DirectorWildlife Conservation Society - Lao PDRBox 6712Vientiane, Lao Peoples Democratic RepublicPhone/Fax: +856 21 215400Mobile: +856 20 5528519Skype: wcs.org_ajohnson

Troy HanselAssistant Country Program DirectorWildlife Conservation Society - Lao PDRBox 6712

7

http://rareplanet.org/en/campaign/nam-et-phou-louey-national-protected-area-nepl-npa

Vientiane, Lao Peoples Democratic RepublicPhone/Fax: +856 21 215400Mobile: +856 20 5521606Skype: pangolinlao

Campaign manager name Santi Saypanya, Wildlife Conservation Society – Lao PDR Program

“BINGO” Partner (and contact details)

Wildlife Conservation SocietyWill BanhamNew York

Other partners(and contact details)

Barrier Removal Partners: Khamphay Phommison, Lieutenant Colonel of Viengthong District Police Office. Tel: (020) 5827902Vonkeow Sengsitong, Lieutenant Colonel of Viengthong District Army OfficePonkham Sayasith, Lieutenant Colonel of 585 Army baseNuansy Phonkhamthong, Head of Viengthong Financial Office. Tel: (020) 6088334Bounsak Thinnakone, Deputy Head of District Agriculture and Forestry Office. Tel: (020) 6593444Kaephet Ladapon, Acting Head of Viengthong Commerce Office. Tel: (020) 5180108Anoudeth Sykhamxay, Head of Justice Office. Tel: (064) 810025 and (020) 6507962Sonpheng Khammavanh, Judge – Court. Tel: (064) 810025 and (020) 5120657Khamphet Khounisouk, Head of Prosecution Office. Tel: (064) 810025Xayasine Xongyongya, NEPL NPA Assistant Manager. Tel: (064) 810008 and (020) 5882737Monitoring tiger prey population:Chanthavy Vongkhamheng, Egological Monitoring Manager. Tel: (021) 215400 and (020) 6122239

Key threat addressed Illegal hunting of tiger prey speciesIUCN 5.1 Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals 5.1.1 Intentional mortality (human use)

Key biodiversity target Tiger (Panthera tigris corbetti) EN, Guar (Bos guarus) VU, Sambar Deer (Cervus unicolor) VU, Serow (Capriconis sumatraensis) VU, Muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak) and Eurasian Wild Pig (Sus crofa) LC.

Campaign slogan TBDPossible options:

1. Reporting wildlife crime is my pride 2. Every time I find wildlife crime I will report it

8


Is this the rights species of muntjac?


Is this the correct species of serow?

3. Use right tools hunt wildlife in village use area for food 4. Want to eat wild meat forever report wildlife crime5. Everybody is reporting wildlife trade and illegal hunting. Are you?

Key audiences (and population)

Total population 11,005 people. Key audiences are Hunters (villager militias and policemen), General Villagers and Government Officers.

# hectares under threat The Nam Et – Phou Louey (NEPL) National Protected Area (NPA) is 600,000 ha. The campaign will focus on the people living in 35 villages around the NEPL NPA in Viengthong District (???)

Campaign Theory of Change (Maximum 175 words)

In order to increase the Indochinese tiger population at Nam Et Phou Louey (NEPL) National Protected Area (NPA) and protect the tiger prey (5 species of ungulates: Guar, Sambar Deer, Serow, Muntjac and Wild Pig) the campaign will aim to reduce the threat of illegal hunting (hunting with modern equipment, in the core zone, in other communities’ village use areas, for trade, and hunting illegal species such as Serow, guar and sambar deer).

The Pride campaign will use proven social marketing activities to change the behavior of 3 main target audiences (illegal hunters, villagers and government officers) in 35 communities in and around the NEPL NPA.The villagers (who include legal hunters) will be called to report people who hunt illegally as they are robbing the community of their food security. The incentives system for reporters will be improved to support this.Hunters will be moved to stop hunting illegally through peer pressure from villagers. The risk of illegal hunting will be increased through better enforcement systems (such as the introduction of a gun licensing system and better communication between enforcement bodies and allocation of designated staff) and prosecution.Government officers will be moved to consider wildlife trade a serious offence and so both following the regulations and enforcing them.

At the end, the campaign’s impact will be measured by pre and post surveys of community members, patrol records of village use zone and NPA core zone observations, camera trapping of hunters entering the NPA core zone, ungulates occupancy survey in campaign and control sites in comparing the numbers of preys in 2008, 2009 and 2012, as well as illegal weapon holders in the NPA and the change in violations of illegal hunting. In order to be a true success, the campaign will have reduced the unsustainable harvest of tiger prey (Guar, Sambar Deer, Muntjac, Wild Pig) in targeted communities by the proxy indicators in our behavioral objectives before August 31, 2010.

9


Need to work with GIS people to calculate the area

SITE INFORMATION

Site description (275 words max.)

The approximately 600,000 hectare NEPL NPA is the largest protected area in Laos. Altitudes range from 400-2257m with over 60% of land area above 1000m and 91% along slopes greater than 12%. Annual rainfall varies from 1400-1800mm; temperatures range from 5-30 C. March and April are hot and dry in advance of the monsoon, followed by cool dry weather from November to February. The landscape is dominated by mixed evergreen deciduous forest up to 1500m transitioning into evergreen forest from 1500-1800m interspersed with fagaceous forest and rhododendron species above 1800m (Davidson, 1998). Ninety-eight villages live a subsistence lifestyle in and around the NPA (Schlemmer, 2002). Sale of buffalos and cows are the principal source of cash income and most villages graze livestock inside the NPA (ICEM, 2003b). NEPL supports a tiger population of international importance, as well as at least 17 other key large mammal species of conservation concern (Table 1). The people who live in and around the NPA rely on natural resources around them for their livelihood. Sadly, the way they consume the natural resources is destruction. Two main threats to the species in the site are use direct killing tigers for trade and hunting tiger preys (Guar, Sambar Deer, Serow, Muntjac and pigs) for food and trade. To solve the problem NEPL NPA with Wildlife Conservation Society came up with three strategies: Conservation Education & Outreach, Law Enforcement and Ecological Monitoring.

Ecosystem type (IUCN) The landscape is dominated by mixed evergreen deciduous forest up to 1500m transitioning into evergreen forest from 1500-1800m interspersed with fagaceous forest and rhododendron species above 1800mIUCN 1.5 Subtropical/Tropical Dry

Site map(topographical)

Appendix 1

GPS Co-ordinates (Google Earth)

Google Earth coordination: (Google Earth)E 18° 30´ 33.53´´N 101° 40´ 54.20´´

Biodiversity Hotspot Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot

Other protected area status NEPL NPA was established as a National Protected Area in 1993, because the NPA is high biodiversity. But no action has been taken until 1998; it was because of a lack of political will, human resources and financial assistance.

Hectares addressed by campaign xxx

10

A. Executive Summary


Need to work with GIS people to calculate the area


Is this correct? (inserted by AB)

CRITICAL SPECIES

Species name (common) Tiger, Guar, Sambar Deer, Serow, Muntjac and Eurasian Wild Pig.

Species name (scientific) Guar (Bos guarus), Sambar Deer (Cervus unicolor), Serow (Capriconis sumatraensis), Muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak) and Eurasian Wild Pig (Sus crofa).

Description of flagship species(250 words max)

Muntjac, also known as Barking Deer, are small deer of the genus Muntiacus. Muntjac are the oldest known deer, appearing 15-35 million years ago, with remains found in Miocene deposits in France and Germany. The Common Muntjac, also called Indian Muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak) is the most numerous muntjac deer species. It has soft, short, brownish or greyish hair, sometimes with creamy markings. This species is omnivorous, feeding on fruits, shoots, seeds, birds' eggs as well as small animals and even carrion. It gives calls similar to barking, usually on sensing a predator (hence the common name for all muntjacs of barking deer). The male Indian Muntjac has small antlers which attain 15 cm in length and have only 1 branch. They grow annually from a bony stalk on the head. Males are extremely territorial and can be fierce for their size. They will fight each other for territory using their antlers or their (more dangerous) tusk-like upper canine teeth, and can defend themselves against predators such as dogs.The Fea's Muntjac or Tenasserim muntjac (Muntiacus feae) is a rare species of muntjac native to People's Republic of China, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, and Viet Nam. The species has been introduced to Thailand. It is a similar size to the common muntjac (adult weight is 18 - 21 kg (40 - 46 lb)). It is diurnal and solitary, inhabiting upland evergreen, mixed or shrub forest (at an altitude of 2500 m (8200')) with a diet of grasses, low-growing leaves, and tender shoots. The young are usually born in dense vegetation, remaining hidden until able to travel with the mother.

# of species on IUCN Red Data list Nam Et – Phou Louey (NEPL) National Protected Area (NPA) has many species on the IUCN Red Data List:1. Indochinese Tiger is listed as “Endangered” in the 2009 IUCN Red List Category2. Leopard is listed as “Near Threatened” in the 2009 IUCN Red List Category3. Marbled Cat is listed as “Vulnerable” in the 2009 IUCN Red List Category4. Asiatic Golden Cat is listed as “Near Threatened” in the 2009 IUCN Red List Category5. Guar is listed as “Vulnerable” in the 2009 IUCN Red List Category6. Sambar Deer is listed as “Vulnerable” in the 2009 IUCN Red List Category7. Muntjac is listed as “Data Deficient” in the 2009 IUCN Red List Category

# of endemic species xx

12


Please insert


Or is it this species?


Is this the sp of muntjac you have in Lao? Do you know which subspecies?

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_muntjac

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viet_Nam

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myanmar

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Republic_of_China

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muntjac

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muntjac

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miocene

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deer

THREATS

Threats (IUCN) Illegal hunting with modern equipments and weapons. Modern equipments: Explosive trap, Metal claw trap, Wire snare, Poison. Modern weapons: War guns (Kabin, AK, M16)

IUCN: 5 (Biological resource use): 5.1 Hunting and trapping terrestrial animal Illegal hunting with traditional weapons and equipments. Traditional equipments: Small plastic rope snare, Wood trap, Hole trap, Cross bow, Spear trap. Traditional equipments

IUCN: 5 (Biological resource use): 5.1 Hunting and trapping terrestrial animal Disease Habitat Destruction

IUCN: 2 (Agriculture & aquaculture): 2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops: 2.1.1 Shifting agricultureIUCN: 2 (Agriculture & aquaculture): 2.3 Livestock farming & ranching: 2.3.4 Scale Unknown/Unrecorded

Threats addressed by campaign (IUCN)

Illegal hunting with modern equipments and weapons. Modern equipments: Explosive trap, Metal claw trap, Wire snare, Poison. Modern weapons: War guns (Kabin, AK, M16)

IUCN: 5 (Biological resource use): 5.1 Hunting and trapping terrestrial animal

HUMAN POPULATION

Human Population at site 11,005 people

Human Population summary (300 words)

Most of the populations (25,000???) of Viengthong District, Huaphanh Province of Laos live in 70 villages, most of them are farmers, only small percentage of the population are government officers (most of the government officers are also practice agriculture like general villagers, it could be say that their additional activities are farmers). The population in the district is combined with three main ethnical minorities: Lao Loum, Khamu and Hmong. These three ethnic groups have different traditional, cultures and living lifestyles. Most of the people rely on natural resources; even their rice field must depend on the water from streams which serve by NEPL NPA. Most of the people are living under US$1/day/person (the GDP – Per Capita: US$248 (2007-2008). Fortunately, they get free food from the forest such as Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) and wild animal that NEPL NPA serves them.The campaign will take place in an area with a total population of 11000 people

Key target segments Illegal Hunters (villager militias and policemen), General Villagers and Government Officers.

13


Do the target audiences vary in terms of their ethnic mix? If so please specify.


Is this correct? Is that for the whole district as opposed to the target site?

Per capita GDP GDP – Per Capita: US$248 (2007-2008)

CONSERVATION BENEFITS

Conservation benefit by 2010(interim success)

Concerned government agencies agree to enforce the wildlife regulation by reassigning the wildlife crime unit team and wildlife crime unit committee. Decrease the numbers of people entering the NPA core zone allowing the tiger prey populations increase this will benefit tigers and local people who live around the NPA, because if there are many animals in the core zone they will expand to the village use area therefore villagers hunt them for food, because the law states that they have the right to hunt managed species for food by using traditional equipments in their village use area.

Sustained Conservation ground-truthed in 2010(ultimate success)

Reduce the number of people entering the NPA core zone Wildlife crime offenders are prosecuted to the court Informant networks report wildlife crime Illegal hunters hunt legally

SUSTAINABILITY PLAN

Strategic Plan Nam Et – Phou Louey (NEPL) National Protected Area (NPA) and Wildlife Conservation Society has been implementing the 10 years long term strategy since 2006. The goal is to increase tiger population by at least 50% in the year of 2015 and increase the tiger prey to be enough for tigers to eat.

Staff training The campaign Manager, Santi Saypanya, will use the skill learned from his attending Rare’s Master Degree Course and its practical application in the project to work with his assistants.

Resource sustainability Campaign Manager in salaried position, secure beyond duration of campaign.

Regression of behavior and the need for sustained messaging

14


Modeling of the relationship between hunting, tiger prey and tiger would shed light on whether this is a realistic target. We are currently working with tigers Forever expert Emma stokes to insert preliminary metrics by end of January and agree on next steps to refine these in months to come


We need to add specific targets


Is it possible to insert any numerical values to the benefits? i.e. how many animals people will rely on for food a year?

ACTION PLAN FOR REACHING ALL AUDIENCES

19.1 ACTION PLAN FOR REACHING ALL AUDIENCES

ACTION PLAN FOR REACHING ALL AUDIENCES

19.1 ACTION PLAN FOR REACHING ALL AUDIENCESNo need to fill in for all audiences

19.2 ACTION PLAN FOR REACHING Hunter (Village militias and policemen) (target audience 1)

ACTION PLAN MONITORING PLAN KEY RISKSGoals Results

neededKey (SMART)objectives

Keyactivities

Required tools

Partner

Metric Method Target

Frequency By whom

Where Socio-political, Scientific or other

Questions Actions needed

Conservati

on goal1l


By the end of August 2012 the number of prey population will increase from x % to x%. (measured by Occupancy Monitoring Team)

Need baseline data from monitoring team

Monitor Prey populations

Monitoring team fund and equipped to conduct the surveys

Monitoring team

Number of prey population

Compare the baseline data with new data, which will be monitored in 2012.

Prey population will increase 15%.

Annual monitoring

Occupancy monitoring team

Xxx grids in campaign and control sites

Lack of funding to conduct monitoring.

Conduct monitoring

Increase the tiger population by 50% by 2015.

Monitoring and camera trapping

Monitoring team fund and equipped to conduct the surveys

Monitoring team

Number of tiger population

Compare the baseline data with new data, which will be monitored in 2015.

Tiger will increase 50%.

Annual monitoring

monitoring team

Lack of funding to conduct monitoring.

Conduct monitoring

Threat reduction goals:

To reduce hunting prey species in both village use area and

By the end of August 2010 the number of hunters, who hunt in village use area and NPA core zone by using modern equipments and weapons will

Rangers and mobile team

MIST Data Base

Ranger substation and MIST

Index of threats from MIST. The numbers of

Compare baseline data with new data that ranger

hunters who hunt in

Reports from ranger substations and MIST

Outreach team members (camera

The spots for setting camera will be determine

1 This maybe influenced by other factors.


We will insert a numeric target


We are currently working with Tigers Forever expert Emma stokes to insert missing metrics highlighted in these tables. We are anticipating we will be able to insert a preliminary metric by end of January 2010 and a more refined metric in the months to come. The baseline data for these metrics was collected under a tigers forever monitoring scheme in 2008 so it is a question of extracting the appropriate information from the database and devising a rationale for setting targets.



Keyactivities

Required tools

Partner


Frequency By whom



NPA core zone by using modern equipments and weapons

decrease by x%.

Need MIST data from Noy and pictures from camera trapping

Set up camera trap

Camera traps

people hunters who hunt in village use are and NPA core by using modern equipments and weapons will decrease 80%

Number of pictures taken by camera traps

substation and MIST people collect every month

Sep up camera traps at accessible points to the core zones in both campaign and control sites

village use are and NPA core by using modern equipments and weapons will decrease 80%

people in Monthly meeting

Year

trap set up) a

Noy and Huamphanh analyze MIST data

d later.

At NEPL

If people know camera traps are set they might find new accessible track to the core zone.

Behavior Change

Only hunt muntjac and wild pig in village use area by using traditional equipments for food. Hunting in the Core Zone eliminated.

By the end of August 2010 the percentage of general villagers who have heard of anyone who stop hunting for trade will increase to 55.5% from 45.5% (so an increase of 10pp). (measured by Q#45)

Conduct post campaign survey

Percentage point

Compare Q#45 from Pre surveys with post

10pp Measure at the end of the campaign

Campaign manager and team work

At the Viengthong District (campaign site) and Viengkham district (control sites).

By the end of August 2010 the percentage of hunters who have reported someone who was hunting for trade will increase to 20.0% from 9.1% (so an increase of 10.9pp). (measured by Q#46)


Percentage point


10.9pp

Measure at the end of the campaign



By the end of September 2010 the percentage of hunters who

Conduct post

Percentage point

Compare Q#48 from

11.1pp

Measure at the end of

Campaign

At the Viengthon

16


This metric will be revised to be an indicator of hunting pressure



Keyactivities

Required tools

Partner


Frequency By whom



have heard anyone hunting wild animals in NEPL for trade will decrease to 6.9% from 18.0% from (so a decrease of 11.1pp). (measured by Q#48)

campaign survey

Pre surveys with post

the campaign

manager and team work

g District (campaign site) and Viengkham district (control sites).

Barrier Removal goal

Villagers in each community will give pure pressure on hunters who illegally hunt by using modern weapons and equipments in village use area and NPA core zone

By the end of August 2010, the percentage of general villagers who would respond “Yes” In the past 6 months, have you reported someone who was hunting for trade will increase to 25.0% from 4.8% (so an increase of 20.2pp). (measured by Q#46).


Percentage point





By the end of August 2010 the percentage hunters who say that ammunitions can be bought from soldiers will decrease from 55% to 40% (so a decrease of 15pp). (measured by Q#23)


Percentage point





By the end of August 2010 the percentage hunters who have heard of anyone receiving a fine for illegal hunting will increase to 72.0% from 61.4% (so an increase by 10.6pp). (measured by Q#44) (used as a proxy for fines given)


Percentage point


10.6pp




BROP Goal 1:

Part AStrengthening the government partnership and law

By September 2009 the WCU will be endorsed and staff by the district governor

Document signing

Meetings, follow up

District government offices (army, police, court,

Document signed

Approved by district government with follow up to BROP workshop

August 24, 2009

Once Xayasine, campaign manager and Saiphon

At Viengthong District

17


Joy, please double check this figure


Joy, Please double check this target in your survey and confirm this is now correct



Keyactivities

Required tools

Partner


Frequency By whom



enforcement

Part B

Strengthening the incentive system for government authority officers to enforce regulations (for example officer award of the year)

foresters, finance, NEPL NPA)

#1 and #2. e and government counterparts

By the end August 2010 the newly created WCU will have met 4 times.

Meetings conducted

Financial support, meeting facilities

District government offices (army, police, court, foresters, finance, NEPL NPA)

Number of successful meetings

Minutes of meeting by NPA staff

# of meetings

Quarterly Xayasine, campaign manager and Saiphone and government counterparts


Different govt sectors not able to meet together each schedule time

The WCU is able to investigate all NPA reports between September 2009 and August

Investigations conducted

Vehicles, per diems, staff, political will,

Assigned staff to the WCU from District government offices (army, police, court, foresters, finance, NEPL NPA)

Number of patrols by the WCU

Monitoring forms from patrols by the WCU (#of infractions, fines, court cases, time/effort)

August 2010

180 patrols/year.

Xayasine, campaign manager and Saiphone and government counterparts


The informant network information may not be accurate.

Level of interest from each govt office may vary.

Transportation

Financial Support

Suggest inserting the number of reports received via the hotline as a metric of BR success

and perhaps another metric on n of cases prosecuted

18



Keyactivities

Required tools

Partner


Frequency By whom



Also should there be a metric for success of gun license system?

Interpersonal Communication goals

Hunters (Village militias and policemen) talk to each other about people being fined for illegal hunting

By the end of August 2010, the percentage of hunters (Village militia and policemen) who haven’t talked to anyone about people being fined for illegal hunting will increase to 57.0% from 47.0% (so a increase of 10pp). (measured by Q#41)


Percentage point





Attitude goals To

understand the importance of ungulates especially muntjac and wild pig for the livelihoods of themselves and villagers their communities

By the end of August 2010, the percentage of hunters (village militias and policemen) who say that they “Disagree” it is illegal for a person who hunt muntjac and wild pig in their village use area using traditional equipments for food will increase to 85.0% from 72.0% (so an increase of 13pp). (measured Q# 28B)


Percentage point

Compare Q#28B from Pre surveys with post




By the end of August 2010 the percentage of hunters who say “Disagree” that using modern weapons and equipments to hunt should not be punished will increase to 50.0% from 35.6% (so an increase of 14.4pp). (measured by Q#37C)


Percentage point

Compare Q#37C from Pre surveys with post

14.4pp




By the end of August 2010 the percentage of hunters who say “Disagree” that outsiders who come to hunt in their village use area should not be punished will increase to 50.0% from 37.4% (so an increase of 12.6pp). (measured by Q#37G)


Percentage point

Compare Q#37G from Pre surveys with post

12.6pp




19



Keyactivities

Required tools

Partner


Frequency By whom



By the end of August 2010, the percentage of hunters (village militias and policemen) who agree with the legality of hunting muntjac and wild pig in village use area by using traditional equipment will increase to 85.0% from 62.4%.(so an increase of 23pp) (measured Q# 28B)


Percentage point





By the end of August 2010, the percentage of hunters who identify the punishment (combination of fine, fine double, fine triple and jail term) of a person who hunts wildlife using modern weapons and equipments will increase to 60% from 49.2%. (so an increase of 10.8pp). (measured by Q#29)


Percentage point


10.8pp




By the end of August 2010, the percentage of hunters who say using modern weapons and equipments to hunt is the most important threat to the ungulates will increase to 45.0% from 30.2% (so an increase of 14.8pp). (measured by Q#27A).


Percentage point

Compare Q#27A from Pre surveys with post

14.8pp




20

19.3 ACTION PLAN FOR REACHING General Villagers (target audience 2)ACTION PLAN MONITORING PLAN KEY RISKS

Goals Results needed Key (SMART)objectives

Keyactivities

Required tools

Partner Metric Method Target Frequency

By whom Where Socio-political, Scientific or other

Questions

Actions needed

Behavior Change

General villagers report all illegal hunting to WCU.

By the end of August 2010, the percentage of general villagers who would respond “Yes” In the past 6 months, they have reported someone who was hunting for trade and selling wild meat will increase to 25.0% from 4.8% (so an increase of 20.2pp). (measured by Q#46 and 47).


Percentage point

Compare Q#46 and 47 from Pre surveys with post

20.2pp Measure at the end of the campaign



By the end of November ,2010 the MIST data will show a X% decrease from X (2009) to X (2010) in villager presence in the Core Zone same as hunters

By the end of August 2010 the number of hunting camps in NPA core zone will decrease by x%.

(measured by MIST database and camera trapping) Need #of pictures from camera trap and MIST data from Noy.

Analyze data from MIST database and set up camera traps

Camera traps

MIST database team

Percentage point

Mist Data Base

Camera Trap photos of general villagers in entering and leaving the Core zone.

Compare current MIST database with new data

Digital Camera Traps at core zone boundary to measure trends of villagers entering the core zone.

xxxpp November 2009 and November 2010

Summarize Quarterly data to look for trends.

Outreach team members (camera trap set up) a

Noy and Huamphanh analyze MIST data

The spots for setting camera will be determined later.

At NEPL

Mist Data set may not be detailed enough or have enough data points to show a trend.

Political will to use camera traps for this purpose and funding to collect the data.

Analysis of MIST Data Base

Feasibility study of digital camera trapping humans.

By the end of August 2010 the percentage of general villagers who have reported someone who was hunting for trade will increase to 15.0% from 4.8% (so an increase of 10.2pp). (measured by Q#46)


Percentage point




At the Viengthong District (campaign site) and Viengkham district (control

21


This data will be inserted shortly (see note above)

ACTION PLAN MONITORING PLAN KEY RISKSGoals Results needed Key (SMART)

objectivesKey

activitiesRequired

toolsPartner Metric Method Target Frequenc

yBy whom Where Socio-

political, Scientific or other

Questions

Actions needed

sites).


“Remove the barrier of villagers ignore the illegal hunters allowing them to practice these activities.”

Villagers in each community will give peer/pure pressure on hunters who illegally hunt by using modern weapons and equipments in village use area and NPA core zone

(informant network, how does this play into the picture)

By the end of August 2010 the percentage of general villagers who have heard of anyone receiving a fine for illegal hunting will increase to 60.0% from 45.8% (so an increase by 14.2pp). (measured by Q#44)


Percentage point





By the end of August 2010 the percentage of general villagers who think the incentive for people to report wildlife crime is working will increase to 75.0% from 64.2% (so an increase of 10.8pp). (measured by Q#58)


Percentage point





BROP Goal 1:

Part AStrengthening the government partnership and law enforcement

Part B



Document signing

Meetings, follow up


Document signed

Approved by district government with follow up to BROP workshop #1 and #2.

August 24, 2009

Once Xayasine, campaign manager and Saiphone and government counterparts


None activity complete

Document signing

Meetings, follow up


Meetings conducted





# of meetings




Meetings conducted


22


objectivesKey

activitiesRequired




Questions

Actions needed

The WCU will have investigated all NPA reports between September 2009 and August






August 2010

180 patrols/year.





Transportation

Financial Support




General villagers talk to each other about the illegality of hunting, fines for illegal hunting,.

Discussions about how to increase the number of ungulates?

By the end of August 2010, the percentage of general villagers who have talked about how to increase muntjac and wild pig population in their village use area will increase to 50.0X% from 37.3% (so an increase of 12.7pp). (measured by Q#41).


Percentage point





Attitude goals

“How to make all the audiences to see the importance of the food

Villagers will internalize the importance of ungulates, especially muntjac and wild pig as key elements to their livelihoods as food of themselves and

By the end of August 2010, the percentage of general villagers who say “Disagree” it is illegal for a person who hunt muntjac and wild pig in their village use area using traditional equipments for food will increase to 75.0% from 60.1% (so an increase of 14.9pp). (measured Q# 28B)


Percentage point





23


objectivesKey

activitiesRequired




Questions

Actions needed

resources.” This is directly related to the government policy on poverty reduction and the new Nutrition policy. Also related to the TRANSlink project in Huay Tuen Village.”

villagers their communities

By the end of August 2010, the percentage of general villagers who say “Easy” to report a hunter using modern weapons and equipments to hunt will increase to 80% from 69.0% (so an increase of 11pp). (measured by Q#38F).


Percentage point

Compare Q#38F from Pre surveys with post




By the end of August 2010, the percentage of general villagers who consider their responsibility to report someone who illegally hunting and trading in the will increase to 80% from 69.6% (so an increase of 10.4pp). (measured by Q#36).


Percentage point





By the end of August 2010, the percentage of general villagers who agree muntjac and wild pig are important food for local people will increase to 55% from 41.5% (so an increase of 13.5pp). (measured by Q#37B).


Percentage point





By the end of August 2010, the percentage of general villagers who say “Easy” to stop buying wildlife will increase to 75% from 60.6% (so an increase of 14.4pp). (measured by Q#38B)


Percentage point





By the end of August 2010, the percentage of general villagers who say “Not agree) that using modern weapons

Conduct post campaig

Percentage point

Compare Q#37C from Pre surveys

12.4pp Measure at the end of the

Campaign manager and team

At the Viengthong District (campaign

24


objectivesKey

activitiesRequired




Questions

Actions needed

and equipments to hunt should not be punished will increase to 50.0% from 37.6% (so an increase of 12.4pp). (measured by Q#37C).

n survey with post campaign work site) and Viengkham district (control sites).

By the end of August 2010, the percentage of general villagers who say “Not agree) that outsiders who come to hunt in their village area should not be punished will increase to 55.0% from 41.4% (so an increase of 13.6pp). (measured by Q#37G).


Percentage point





By the end of August 2010, the percentage of general villagers who respond that muntjac and wild pig are important food for people will increase to 20.0% from 8.8% (so an increase of 11.2pp). (measured by Q#15)


“Campaign messaging”

TRANSlink Data showing the village reliance on ungulates in the past and present

Jutta and Seng from Translinks

Percentage point


11.2pp Measure at the end of the campaign.



Knowledge goals

“knowledge about the ungulates comes first leading to a change in attitude.”

To understand the importance of ungulates especially muntjac and wild pig for the livelihoods of themselves and have ownership of ungulates are their necessary food.

(Historical versus

By the end of August 2010, the percentage of general villagers who say using modern weapons and equipments to hunt is the most important threat to the ungulates will increase to 25.0% from 13.3% (so an increase of 11.7pp). (measured by Q#27A).


Percentage point

Compare Q#27A from Pre surveys with post




25


objectivesKey

activitiesRequired




Questions

Actions needed

present)

26

19.3 ACTION PLAN FOR REACHING Government Officers (target audience 3)

ACTION PLAN MONITORING PLAN KEY RISKS

Goals Results needed

Key (SMART)objectives

Keyactivities

Required tools

Partner Metric Method Target Frequency By whom Where Socio-political,

Scientific or other

Questions Actions neede

d

Behavior Change

Government officers will be good model for general villagers by stop buying bush meat

By the end of August 2010, the percentage of government officers who say that they have enforced the law regarding the wildlife trade will increase to 35.0% from 24.8% (so an increase of 10.2pp). (measured by Q#43 and measured by how many cases have been prosecuted to the court).


Percentage point and number of cases


Check the record to find cases are prosecuted to the court


Campaign manager and team work and enforcement team



Government officers who are endorsed by district governor need to follow the endorsement and take serious action on law enforcement.

By the end of August 2010 the percentage of government officers who think the incentive for people to report wildlife crime is working will increase to 85.0% from 78.1% (so an increase of 6.9pp). (measured by Q#58)


WCU formation and quarterly meetings

Percentage point

The wildlife crime reports are taken action by law enforcement agencies

Minute of meetings by WCU


Check and recode monthly reports by NEPL NPA to determine the change in taking action to reports of cases.

6.9pp

Every wildlife crime report is taken action by law enforcement agencies


Quarterly minutes



The sustainabilit

y of the WCU

By the end of August 2010 the percentage of government officers who think the incentive for government officers to enforce the law is working will increase to 85.0% from 78.1% (so an increase of 6.9pp). (measured by Q#59)


Percentage point




At the Viengthong District (campaign site) and Viengkham district (control

27


neededKey (SMART)

objectivesKey

activitiesRequired

toolsPartner Metric Method Target Frequency By whom Where Socio-

political, Scientific or

other


d

sites).

BROP Goal 1:

Part AStrengthening the government partnership and law enforcement

Part B



Document signing

Meetings, follow up


Document signed

Approved by district government with follow up to BROP workshop #1 and #2.

August 24, 2009

Once Xayasine, campaign manager and Saiphone and government counterparts


None activity complete


Meetings conducted





# of meetings




The WCU will have investigated all NPA reports between September 2009 and August






August 2010

180 patrols/year.





Transportation

Financial Support

28


neededKey (SMART)

objectivesKey

activitiesRequired



other


d


Government officers who are endorsed by district governor will discuss and support each others government officers, including the general villagers regarding punishment of wildlife crime

By the end of August 2010, the percentage of government officers who have talked to anyone about people being fined of illegal hunting will increase to 35.0% from 25.0% (so an increase of 10pp). (measured by Q#39)


Percentage point





Attitude goals

“This is similar to the attitude goals of the general villagers but reflects to the government policy and goals to develop the rural areas. The govt

To understand the importance of ungulates especially muntjac and wild pig for the livelihoods of local villagers and how it fits into the government policy to reduce poverty.

By the end of August 2010, the percentage of government officers who say “Disagree” it is illegal for a person who hunt muntjac and wild pig in their village use area using traditional equipments for food will increase to 70.0% from 59.0% (so an increase of 11pp). (measured Q# 28B).


“National Nutrition Policy, Laws.”

TRANS link data

Percentage point





By the end of August 2010, the percentage of government officers who say “Easy” to report someone selling wild meat will increase to 80% from 65.7% (so an increase of 14.3pp). (measured by Q#38E).


Percentage point

Compare Q#38E from Pre surveys with post




29


neededKey (SMART)

objectivesKey

activitiesRequired



other


d

officials need to recognize the benefits of ungulate management to rural development. The ungulates eaten comes “free” until it is gone. The lose of these resources then creates a cost to the villager and decreases their livelihood.”

By the end of August 2010, the percentage of government officers who say “Easy” to report a hunter using modern weapons and equipments to hunt will increase to 80% from 69.0% (so an increase of 10.6pp). (measured by Q#38F).


Percentage point

Compare Q#38F from Pre surveys with post




By the end of August 2010, the percentage of government officers who say “Easy” to report someone buying wild meat will increase to 87% from 75.2% (so an increase of 11.8pp). (measured by Q#38G).


Percentage point





By the end of August 2010, the percentage of government officers who identify the punishment of a person who borrows a gun from other person to hunt wildlife will increase to 70.0%from 56.2% (so an increase of 13.8pp). (measured by Q#34).


Percentage point





Knowledge goals

“Government officials have to understand how the ungulate populations benefit the rural villagers rural

To understand the importance of ungulates especially muntjac and wild pig for the livelihoods of local villagers

By the end of August 2010, the percentage of government officers who respond that muntjac and wild pig are important food for people will increase to 25.0% from 8.6% (so an increase of 16.4pp). (measured by Q#15)


Percentage point





By the end of August 2010, the percentage of general villagers who say using modern weapons and equipments to hunt is the most important to the ungulates


Percentage point

Compare Q#27A from Pre surveys



At the Viengthong District (campaign site) and

30


neededKey (SMART)

objectivesKey

activitiesRequired



other


d

livelihood.” will increase to 28.0% from

15.1% (so an increase of 12.9pp). (measured by Q#27A).

with post Viengkham district (control sites).

Important note: The specific activities (posters, sermon sheets, school visits) are subject to change. These will be more fully detailed in the campaign Work Plan and Operalizational Plan that will be appended to this document

31

B. Project Site

Before launching a Pride campaign, it’s imperative to fully understand the site that will be the focus of the campaign, its known threats and causes, policies or legislation that may impact the site, and other conservation initiatives taking place at the location. This is done by first conducting a site review and preparing a background paper summarizing the primary and secondary information gathered and from where it was sourced. The results of the work done to prepare this chapter of the plan should also help identify key stakeholder and key biodiversity targets.

This next section will dive into the project site, including:1.0 Site Summary

1.1 Important Information and Resources1.2 Background on Andrea1.3 Location and Topography of Serena Island1.4 Biodiversity of Serena Island (Flora and Fauna)1.5 Land Tenure1.6 Demography1.7 Conservation Values1.8 Known Threats1.9 Management of Serena Island

2.0 Project Team and Stakeholders2.1 Lead Agency and Campaign Manager2.2 Other Groups on Serena Island2.3 Key Stakeholders

32

1.0 SITE SUMMARY 1.1 Important information, sources and contacts used in the preparation of this document

The following available written resources were used to gather initial data and background:

AVAILABLE WRITTEN RESOURCES REVIEWED?

Maps Topographic Vegetation Geological Aerial survey

Scientific and other Studies

Prior, current strategic plans

Other

YesN/AYesN/A

Yes

Yes

N/A

The following groups provided key inputs into the site summary through one-on-one conversations either in person or on the phone. KEY STAKEHOLDER GROUPSi WORKING AT

SITE?INTERVIEWED?

(Y,N)Government DepartmentsNam Et – Phou Louey National Protected AreaViengthong District Agriculture and Forestry OfficeArmyResource UsersCommunity EldersHunters

YesYesYes

YesYesYes

YesYes

33


Joy you should be listing which resources you used

VillagersNGO’sWildlife Conservation Society – Lao PDR ProgramOtherCurrently Wildlife Conservation Society – Lao PDR Program is only the conservation NGO is working at the site

Yes

Yes

Yes

1.2 Background of Site

Background of Lao People’s Democratic RepublicThe Lao PDR is located in the heart of the Indochina peninsular, in Southeast Asia. Latitude 14 to 23 degrees north and longitude 100 to 108 degrees east; Laos is a landlocked country. It shares a 505 km border with China to the north, 435 km of border with Cambodia to the south, 2,069 km of border with Vietnam to the east, 1,835 km of border with Thailand to the west, and a 236 km border with Myanmar to the northwest. The country stretches 1,700 km from north to south, with an east-west width of over 500 km at its widest, only 140 km at the narrowest point. The Lao PDR covers a total of 236,800 square kilometers, three-quarters of which is mountainous and plateau (http://www.un.int/lao/laos_in_brief.htm).

The country has three distinct regions. The North is dominated by mountains which average 1,500 meters above sea level. The highest peak in Lao is 2,800 meter (Phou Bia in Xieng Khouang province). The Phou Luang (Annamite Chain) stretches from the southeast of the Phouane Plateau down to the Cambodian border. It has three large plateau: Phouane Plateau in Xieng Khouang province, Nakai Plateau in Khammuan province, and Boloven Plateau in southern Laos, 1. The plains region comprises of both large and small flat areas along the Mekong River. The largest of these is the Vientiane plain, on the lower reaches of the Nam Ngum Watershed. Also significant are the Savannakhet plain, on the lower reaches of the Xe Bang Fai and Xe Bang Hieng rivers, and the Champasak plain, which is on the Mekong River, stretching between the Thai and Cambodian borders. Blessed with fertile soil, these plains represent one quarter of the total irrigable lands and are the “granaries” of the country (Map. 1) (http://www.un.int/lao/laos_in_brief.htm)

1.3 Location and Topography of Site (Focus of Project Plan)Background of NEPL NPA

Photo courtesy of Google Earth

34

http://www.un.int/lao/laos_in_brief.htm

http://www.un.int/lao/laos_in_brief.htm

The NEPL NPA is the largest NPA in the country (Map 3), covering approximately 600,000 hectares of mixed evergreen and deciduous forest ranging from 400m to 2257m in elevation (Johnson 2009), with over 60% of land area above 1000 m and 91% of the area is along slopes greater than a 12% gradient. Annual rainfall varies from 1400-1800mm; temperatures range from 5-30 C, while March and April are hot and dry in advance of the monsoon, followed by cool dry weather from November to February. The landscape has a long history of human settlement that is characterized by patches of secondary forest, stands of bamboo and anthropogenic grasslands that are regularly burned for hunting and cattle grazing (Johnson 2009). . Established in 1993 (Map 2), the NPA is made up of two contiguous protected areas (Nam Et and Phou Louey) that include two districts in Luang Prabang province (Viengkham and Phonxay), four districts in Houaphan province (Viengthong, Huamuang, Xamneua, and Xiengkhor), and one district in Xieng Khuang province (Phoukoud). The NPA borders Vietnam on its northern boundary (Johnson 2009).

NEPL is an area that saw conflict during the liberation of Lao from the French and more recently during the Indochinese conflict in the late 60’s and early 70’s. Besides the war there is limited outstanding historical features, however there are some small historical attractions such as; “Hin Tang” or standing stones in Hua Muang District, Hua Phan Province. The area is rich in ethnic diversity which include many different cultural features.

WCS has conducted two initial surveys on ecotourism in the NEPL NPA one in 2004 and the other in 2005. Following up with these two surveys in 2007; Edward Mayer Conservation and Sustainable Development Project Design and Implementation from Earth Matters Inc. voluntarily conducted an assignment of ecotourism potential and designed of interpretive displays for the Nam Et -- Phou Louey National Protected Area. In 2008, WCS hosted a undergraduate internship, a Lao student studying ecotourism management at a university in Australia completed an internship to conduct a survey of ecotourism in NEPL NPA. In addition, the NEPL NPA was selected as one of Huaphan Province ecotourism priority in the tourism strategy 2007-2020. Generally, ecotourism in the NEPL NPA is new in terms of management.

1.4 Biodiversity of Nam Et – Phou Louey National Protected Area

NEPL supports a tiger population of international importance, as well as at least 17 other key large mammal species of conservation concern. There are sizeable numbers of Gaur (Bos gaurus), Banteng (Bos javanicus), the goat-like black muntjac (a species new to science), various medium-size cats such as Golden cat (Catopuma temmincki) and Clouded Leopard (Neofelis nebulosa), two species of bears including Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus), at least six species of primate, including the White-cheeked gibbon (Hylobates leucogenys), at least three bat species previously unrecorded in Lao PDR and one species of bat unrecorded anywhere else. Nearly 300 bird species have been recorded, 35 of which are key species of conservation concern (Table 1) (Schlemmer 2002).

35

1.4.1 Flora1.4.2 Fauna

1.5 Land TenureThe NPA is divided into two zones, a 3,000 km2 core zone where access and harvest is prohibited and a 2,950 km2 the village use area (Map 3), where pre-existing villages are allocated land for subsistence (Johnson 2009). There are 98 villages (approximately 10,000 people) living along the perimeter of the core zone boundary. They are Tai-Kadai (including Tai Lao, Tai Dam, and Tai Deng), Mon-Khmer (including Khm’u and Lao Khaa), and Hmong-Mien (including Hmong, Hmu, and Iu Mien) (Schlemmer 2002). Most families are largely focused on subsistence with little integration into the market economy. Subsistence off take in the village use area is limited to smaller highly fecund species with guidelines on gear and seasons for harvest. Rice is the staple food. Meat and vegetables are raised or harvested from the forest. Livestock are the main source of income for most villages with cattle being sold outside the district or province since the 1980’s (Johnson 2009).

1.6 DemographyRice is the staple food of all people concerned in this research. This is expressed through the general word for 'eating', which translates literally in "to eat rice" for all ethnic groups. Rice is most of all for human consumption, but also pigs, poultry and dogs will eat it. It is also used as a sacrifice to spirits. To be poor is to lack rice. Having to eat corn or cassava is considered to be suffering from famine, although this is less the case in Hmong villages. Rice is the most important pillar of the local economy. The two mains ways to plant rice are through paddy or wet rice cultivation in 'lowland fields' or shifting cultivation in upland fields (Schlemmer 2002).

Most of the people living in the National Park practice shifting cultivation. Families who only have paddy fields form a small minority while almost a third of the Viengthong district families only practice shifting cultivation (Schlemmer 2002).

Almost two thirds of the land area of NEPL is situated within Viengthong District of Houaphan Province. The NBCA also includes smaller parts of Houamueang, Xam Neua and Et districts of Houaphan Province, Viengkham and Phonsai districts of Luang Prabang Province, and Phukoodt District of Xieng Khouang District.

Between 90 and 98 per cent of households had access to agricultural land. The average landholding size is smallest in Houaphan (1.09 ha per household), slightly larger in Xieng Khouang (1.38 ha) and larger again in Luang Prabang Province (1.76 ha per household). This notwithstanding, a higher proportion (over half) of households in Houaphan and Xieng Khouang have access to irrigated land, and own cattle and buffalo. The incidence of slash and burn agriculture is significantly higher than the national

36

average in Houaphan (76 per cent of villages) and Luang Prabang (89 per cent of villages). Poverty, measured in terms of household access to the basic food and non food items deemed necessary for a minimum standard of living, is widespread throughout Houaphan, Luang Prabang and Xieng Khouang provinces. The Northern Region is the poorest part of Lao PDR (UNDP 2002); poverty is highest in Houaphan Province, where three quarters of the population were classified as poor in 1998, and where there has been little reduction in poverty over recent years. Per capita GDP is below the national mean in all three provinces, and is only just over half of the average for Lao PDR in Houaphan. Other socio-economic indicators —such as infant mortality rate and access to safe water and medical facilities — underline the lack of basic services and infrastructure (Schlemmer 2002).

1.7 Conservation Values

NEPL has a high conservation value, with some of the highest faunal biodiversity of any protected area in northern Lao PDR (MAF and IUCN 1998, WCS 1998). It supports an Indochinese tiger population of international importance, Indochinese tigers are presently located across southern China, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand and eastern Myanmar (Burma). There are only between 1,000 and 1,700 of these tigers left in the wild (http://www.indiantiger.org/tigers-around-the-globe/indo-chinese-tiger.html). The tiger population in lao is estimated to be between 7-23 individuals (XXXinsert references). The Indochinese tigers are on CITES: Appendix I and are listed as “Endangered” in the IUCN Red List, as well as at least 17 other key large mammal species of conservation concern. There are sizeable numbers of Gaur (Bos gaurus), Guar is listed as “Vulnerable” in the IUCN Red List, Sambar Deer is listed as “Vulnerable” in the IUCN Red List and Muntjac is listed as “Data Deficient” in the 2009 IUCN Red List. Currently, no endemic specie found in the Nam Et – Phou Louey National Protected Area with an exception of one possible specie of salamander, but yet it is confirmed.

,

1.8 Threats to Nam Et – Phou Louey National Protected Area Biodiversity To achieve the goal of increasing tigers, the project determined that it is essential to reduce two critical threats. These are over harvest of tiger prey (gaur, sambar, Chinese serow, wild pig and muntjacs) for trade and subsistence, and the direct killing of tigers for trade (Johnson 2009), disease and habitate destruction. These threats are listed in the IUCN list: Illegal hunting with modern equipments and weapons. Modern equipments: Explosive trap, Metal claw trap, Wire snare, Poison. Modern weapons: War guns (Kabin, AK, M16)


B. Project Site

37

http://www.indiantiger.org/tigers-around-the-globe/indo-chinese-tiger.html



Threat 1. Direct killing of tigers for tradeOur research and strategic planning indicates that tiger poaching is closely tied to cattle grazing practices in the NPA (Johnson et al., 2006, Lynam et al., 2006). We found that farmers are using semi-permanent settlements in grazing areas near and within the core zone to opportunistically kill tigers with explosives or poison in livestock carcasses and also to hunt tiger prey. In the last year, we also began uncovering reports of tigers being snared with large metal “bear claw” traps and shot with semi-automatic guns. There are up to five military-issued guns held by government-assigned village militia in each village. Ammunition for hunting wildlife with these weapons is illegally obtained from any one of the five military camps along the NPA border (Johnson an et 2008).

38

Threat 2. Hunting of prey for trade and subsistencePrey are killed by villagers and the military using guns (home made and military issue) across the NPA throughout the year. Muntjacs, pigs, and macaques are eaten for subsistence. One study estimated that each household in the NPA annually consumed 141kg of wild meat of which 20% was deer and pigs (ICEM 2003). Given an average of 35 households/village in 98 NPA villages (Schlemmer 2002), this is a minimum estimated offtake of 96,000kg of ungulates annually (28.4 kg/km2), not including offtake by outside hunters or animals traded commercially. In 2005, 42% of respondents in a survey of NPA villages indicated that outsiders also hunt in village areas (A. Johnson; unpubl.data). Wildlife trade has been on the increase since 1998. Villages reported weekly commerce in wildlife products with Vietnamese traders (Davidson 1998) with gaur gall bladders and sambar deer antlers among products commonly sold (Vongkhamheng 2002). Today, sambar, muntjac, and pig meat are traded and transported on buses or by truck along a single asphalt road for sale in urban restaurants and markets that are 2-12 hours away from the NPA. Small prey are transported live on motorbikes along a new road leading linking the NPA to wildlife farms in north Vietnam and restaurants in Hanoi (Johnson an et 2008).

39

1.9 Management of Nam Et – Phou Louey National Protected AreaThe management of the NEPL NPA falls under the mandate of the Department of Forestry, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry.

WCS has worked with the GoL in the NEPL NPA on the Tiger Conservation Project since 2002. The overall vision of the project is to conserve the Nam Et-Phou Louey ecosystem and its functions as a model for landscape management in Asia. To achieve this vision, our goal is to increase the tiger population in the 3000 km2 core zone by a minimum of 50% by 2015. Given the extent and quality of the habitat, we estimate that in the long term the core zone will harbor up to 25 breeding females and a population of approximately 75-90 tigers or approximately 3 individuals/ 100 km2. The current baseline for tiger abundance at the site comes from intensive camera-trap sampling in the core zone in 2003-2004, which estimated a tiger density ranging from 0.2-0.7/100 km2 with a minimum of seven and possibly as many as 23 tigers (Johnson 2009).

In January 2008, the Nam Et-Phou Louey National Protected Area (NEPL NPA) was proposed through expansion to become the largest NPA in Laos, and is one of eight Tigers Forever sites in Asia. The goal of this project is to increase tiger populations by a minimum of 50% by 2015 in the NPA and increase large prey populations to levels sufficient for supporting the increased the tiger population. To reach this goal, our objectives are to: i) reduce killing of tigers and prey in the NPA, ii) reduce the use of fire arms for killing tigers and prey, iii) stop hunting in the core zone and of protected species (tigers and large prey) outside the core zone, and iv) stop illegal trade of tiger prey from the NPA. We are currently using two major interventions – wildlife protection and conservation outreach - to achieve these objectives. To asses our progress towards the goal, NPA teams annually conduct tiger and prey species and human impact and disturbance occupancy survey in the core zone and across tiger landscape.

WCS has been conducting conservation education and outreach activities in the NEPL NPA since late 2004. So far, the outreach team has conducted conservation education and outreach in more than 50 communities.

Creating a sense of ownership, encouraging citizen participation at all levels in conserving the natural resources, and raising local community’s awareness will help mitigate these problems. This part focuses on the first component with activities designed to foster participation and raise the awareness of local resident’s dependant on natural resources for their subsistence. All too often in many projects public education and participation activities are neglected and the results of the project are compromised (Hansel, T. 2008)

40

Between July 2007 and June 2008The outreach team organized a meeting with vendors, business men and women, and local authorities to disseminate the district wildlife regulation. 329 people from Viengthong, Viengkham and Houa Muang districts attended these meetings. Between December 2007 and May 2008, the outreach team conducted activities in 35 villages, 4 schools, 8 military camps and 2 police stations continuing the outreach work to reduce threats to tiger and prey. Pre and post testing was done in these 35 villages to measure levels of understanding to make linkages between behavior before and after. These efforts ensured that villagers around the NPA core zone became aware of the village use area and core zone boundary. The outreach team worked with communities to negotiate the boundary between the core zone and village use areas. The NPA staff has created 150 core zone signs to further inform local citizens about the boundary. In addition, 10,000 copies of NPA core zone -- village use area posters were produced to depict the benefits of good management in the village use area and the illegal activities in the core zone. Roughly 2,710 households in 35 villages in the NPA have received the posters and participated in outreach activities that depict the pros and cons of good resource management both inside the core zone and the village use area.

The NPA team prepared a draft NEPL NPA regulation and circulated to the stakeholders in the government for comments. The final draft of regulation on protected area and wildlife management in the Nam Et-Phou Louey National Protected Area (GoL 2008) was approved by the four district governors in January 2008. Roughly 2000 copies of the NPA regulation were printed for distribution and are used during village headman and military trainings. The Regulation on protected area and wildlife management in the Nam Et-Phou Louey National Protected Area are under the Lao National Wildlife Law 07; 24 December 2007 (GoL 2007) and the Provincial Order regarding Regulation on protected area and wildlife management in the Nam Et-Phou Louey National Protected Area (GoL 2007) (Table 2). The outreach team organized two meetings in two districts to disseminate the regulation to the village chiefs and village militias from 64 villages. These participatory meetings allowed the village chiefs to explore the regulations without being told the regulations. This self discovery approach was used to reduce tension between the communities and non-negotiable regulations imposed by the provincial government. The regulation is being translated into the Vietnamese language for any tourists or permanent residence from Vietnam.

41

2.0 PROJECT TEAM AND KEY STAKEHOLDERS

2.1 Lead Agency and Pride Campaign Manager

The Wildlife Conservation Society saves wildlife and wild lands. We do so through careful science, international conservation, education, and the management of the world’s largest system of urban wildlife parks, led by the flagship Bronx Zoo. Together, these activities change individual attitudes toward nature and help people imagine wildlife and humans living in sustainable interaction on both a local and a global scale. WCS is committed to this work because we believe it essential to the integrity of life on Earth (http://www.wcs.org/sw-our_mission).

The activities and projects of the WCS-Lao PDR program fit within three strategies: research, site-based conservation, and capacity-building. Scientific research is at the foundation of our work in Lao PDR and primarily assesses the causes and effects of wildlife loss, habit destruction, and human-animal conflict. The results from these studies are then used to design and test the effectiveness of our conservation strategies in the field. Our goal is to provide education and training for provincial based personnel, and to create a sense of respect and pride for Lao’s environmental wealth. WCS also places a great deal of emphasis on capacity building, i.e. increasing a person or group of people’s ability to do a particular task, such as park management or village land use planning. Provincial/landscape based capacity building will help individuals to gain new skills, but its localization will also allow for greater efficiency in program management. Only through educating and empowering local people can long-term conservation objectives be met and sustained (http://www.wcs.org/laos)

I am Santi Saypanya, Rare Pride Campaign Manager, currently, I am a senior project officer at the WCS, Lao country office, resposible for many different aspects of conservation education and outreach. All of my work focuses on two projects, the outreach component of the NEPL NPA “Tiger’s Forever Site” located in the nothern part of Laos , and the national radio project based in Vientaine Capital City. I have been implementing conservation education and outreach programs for nearly 5 years. During this time with WCS, I have helped design conservation education and outreach activities, produce conservation materials, used mass media (radio) as a tool for conservation, and conducted project monitoring and evaluation. Most of this time I have spent working with local communities throughout Lao in order to secure biodiversity while securing food security for them.

42

http://www.wcs.org/laos

http://www.wcs.org/sw-our_mission

Project Team

Given Name Surname Resource ID

Organization Position Roles Email Office

Troy Hansel 01 Wildlife Conservation Society

Assistant Country Director

Team Member; Project Advisor

[email protected] +856 21 215400

Santi Saypanya 02 Wildlife Conservation Society

Project Manager

Team Member; Leader/Manager

[email protected] +856 21 215400

Sysomephane Sengthavideth 03 Wildlife Conservation Society

Project Assistant

Team Member [email protected] +856 21 215400

Saiphone Lorkhammee 04 Wildlife Conservation Society - Base in Nam Et - Phou Louey National Projected Area

Project Assistant


Vanida Philakhone 05 Wildlife Conservation Society Lao PDR Program

Project Assistant


Sming Sengphachanh 06 Wildlife Conservation Society

Project Manager

Team Member [email protected]

Sengpor Chuehortor 07 Nam Et - Phou Louey National Protected Area

Project Assistant

Team Member +856 64 810008

43

mailto:[email protected]






2.2 Other Groups Working on Nam Et – Phou Louey (NEPL) National Protected Area (NPA)The International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) is a current partner who works with NEPL NPA and DAFO. The mission of the CIAT is to strengthen capacity of DAFO staff on growing grass for livestock, pig and poultry to help local herders around the NPA core zone to grow grass for their livestock.

A potential partner is German Development Service (DED) who will work with NEPL NPA and DAFO to help herders to management their livestock rather than just let their livestock inside NPA core zone which leads to tiger human conflict when their livestock are attacked by tigers.

2.3 Key Stakeholders

The research for the background section of this Project Plan also helped to identify key stakeholders who might provide additional insights into the threats facing Nam Et – Phou Louey (NEPL) National Protected Area (NPA) and who might play a key role in developing an outreach campaign to build awareness, as well as change attitudes and behavior. Stakeholders and stakeholder groups are defined as those individuals or groups that may positively, negatively, directly or indirectly affect the campaign site in some significant way or another.

In April 2009, a first stakeholder meeting was held at Viengthong Cabinet Meeting Hall in Viengthong District. The meeting conducted analysis to help to select groups and individuals that

44

C. Concept Models

All Rare Pride campaigns start with building a concept model, which is a tool for visually depicting the situation at the project site. At its core, a good concept model graphically depicts a set of causal relationships between factors that are believed to impact one or more biodiversity targets. A good model should explicitly link the biodiversity targets to the direct threats impacting them and the contributing factors (including indirect threats and opportunities) influencing the direct threats. It should also provide the basis for determining where we can intervene with our strategies and where we need to develop indicators to monitor the effectiveness of these strategies.

This section will show the concept model elements the stakeholder group identified as contributing factors towards the reducing the numbers of ungulates in the Nam Et – Phou Louey National Protected Area.

3.0 Developing a Concept Model3.1 Concept Model in Miradi3.2 Initial Concept Model Narrative

3.0 DEVELOPING A CONCEPT MODEL

In April 2009, a first stakeholder meeting was held in Nam Et – Phou Louey (NEPL) National Protected Area (NPA), 35 stakeholders were invited to the meeting, however, there were 31 stakeholders would be able to join the meeting. Fortunately, 31 stakeholders out of 35 were key participants. The meeting was held for one day. This meeting aimed to gain ideas and experiences of different stakeholders who were invited to create an outreach Concept Model, because the NEPL NPA had an existing Conceptual Model for landscape species. The meeting gained many ideas from the participants through general discussion. The target of the meeting was to increase ungulate populations in the NEPL NPA as many as twenty years ago. To do so the problems which caused the ungulates to decrease needed to be identified. The direct threats of the target species were identified by the participants I helped to facilitate the meeting. The target species were written in half sheet of A4 papers and put on sticky wall, then the directs were stuck on the sticky wall and link to target species by using arrows, then stakeholders discussed on the contributing factors (indirect threats) to the direct threats, finally, the stakeholders discussed on interventions to reduce the threats to ungulate species.

45

3.1 Concept Model in Miradi

After the stakeholder meeting, Miradi software was used to develop and articulate the model into a standardized nomenclature using a threat taxonomy developed by the IUCN. The following chart is what the site concept model looks like once all of the direct and contributing factors to the site have been inputted. Miradi is being developed to assist conservation practitioners going through the adaptive management process outlined in the Conservation Measures Partnership's Open Standards for the Practice of Conservation (www.miradi.org).

46

Contributing Factors/Indirect Threats [yellow boxes] Direct Threats [red boxes] Targets [green circles]

47

To help digest the above chart, here is a brief overview of the direct threats and contributing factors highlighted from the Stakeholder meeting.

Project scope and targets Direct threats Contributing factors (Including indirect threats)Illegal hunting of ungulates species.

Guar Sambar Deer Serow Muntjac Wild Pig

Illegal hunting with modern equipments and weapons. Modern equipments: Explosive trap, Metal

claw trap, Wire snare, Poison. Modern weapons: War guns (Kabin,

AK, M16)

Lack of gun regulation, lack of awareness and lack of enforcement

Illegal hunting with traditional weapons and equipments.

Traditional equipments: Small plastic rope snare, Wood trap, Hole trap, Cross bow, Spear trap. Traditional

equipments

Lack of the understanding of the importance of the ungulate for their livelihood and ecosystem, Lack of

willingness to report wildlife crime to concerned officials, Lack of incentives to report wildlife crime and lack of

enforcement

Disease Lack of livestock grazing area

Habitat Destruction Lack of livestock grazing area and Lack of knowledge of wisely collect non timber forest products

C. Concept Models

48

3.2 Initial Concept Model Narrative

Some people find it easier to understand a concept when it is written out – the difference between reading a map and reading instructions on how to get to your location. This exercise can also be used to “translate” the threats described by stakeholders in layman’s terms into those used in the standardized IUCN threat nomenclature.

NarrativeMost of the threats to biodiversity in Nam Et – Phou Louey (NEPL) National Protected Area (NPA) identified by stakeholders at the stakeholder meeting is human activities. The key threat to the wild animals, especially, tiger and its prey (guar, sambar deer, serow, muntjac and wild pig) is illegal hunting which cause the decreasing of the species.

Illegal hunting with modern equipments and weapons. Modern equipments: Explosive trap, Metal claw trap, Wire snare, Poison. Modern weapons: War guns (Kabin, AK, M16)




Single Target - Andrea Quail Dove

C. Concept Models

49

D. Threat Analysis

Most sites face a myriad of threats. Conservation resources are scarce and competencies often limited. A common challenge for resource managers is determining which of these many threats we will try to address. Threat ranking is a method for making this implicit step more explicit and more objective. It involves determining and defining a set of criteria and then applying those criteria systematically to the direct threats at a site so that conservation actions can be directed where they are most needed.

4.0 Threat Ranking4.1 Scope, Severity, and Irreversibility4.2 Factor Chains

50

4.0 THREAT RANKING

Using the Initial Concept Model developed at the key stakeholder meeting, Miradi software was used to provisionally rank the direct threats that they identifiedii. This ranking served to:

1) Identify highest ranked “target” 2) Identify the highest ranked threat impacting this “target”

Miradi software automatically captures the targets from the Concept Model displaying them along the “X” axis with the direct threats aligned on the Y axis.

4.1 Scope, Severity & IrreversibilityEach threat is ranked by Scope, Severity and Irreversibility against each target using the following scoring guide:

KEY TO THREAT CRITERIA (Based on Miradi definitions)A: SCOPE (Area)4 = Very High: The threat is likely to be very widespread across all or much of your site. 3 = High: The threat is likely to be widespread in its scope, and affect conservation targets at many locations at your site. 2 = Medium: The threat is likely to be localized in its scope, and affect the conservation target at some of the target’s locations at the site. 1 = Low: The threat is likely to be very localized in its scope, and affect the conservation target at a limited portion of the target’s location at the site.

B: SEVERITY – The level of damage to the conservation target that can reasonably be expected under current circumstances (i.e., given the continuation of the existing situation). 4 = Very High: The threat is likely to destroy or eliminate the conservation target over some portion of the target’s occurrence at the site. 3 = High: The threat is likely to seriously degrade the conservation target over some portion of the target’s occurrence at the site. 2 = Medium: The threat is likely to moderately degrade the conservation target over some portion of the target’s occurrence at the site. 1 = Low: The threat is likely to only slightly impair the conservation target over some portion of the target’s occurrence at the site.

C: IRREVERSIBILITY – The importance of taking immediate action to counter the threat. 4 = Very High: The effects of the direct threat are not reversible (e.g., wetlands converted to a shopping center).3 = High: The effects of the direct threat are reversible, but not practically affordable (e.g., wetland converted to agriculture). 2 = Medium: The effects of the direct threat are reversible with a reasonable commitment of resources (e.g., ditching and draining of wetland).1 = Low: The effects of the direct threat are easily reversible at relatively low cost (e.g., off-road vehicles trespassing in wetland).

D. Threat Analysis

51

Illustration A shows the process of threat ranking using Miradi. Illustration B shows the final Threat Ranking. Note that the summary ranking by “target” shows the Quail Dove to be the most critically threatened target, scoring “High”, with the threat of Invasive rodents (on this target) ranking as “Very High” (see Illustration C on next page).

Key stakeholders identified illegal hunting as a major threat to the ungulates and other biodiversity targets on Nam Et – Phou Louey (NEPL) National Protected Area (NPA); and local experts subsequently verified this, as well as recognizing illegal hunting as key threat too. We decided to focus on illegal hunting in both village use area and NPA core zone after conducting a formal threat ranking analysis (illustration A) identified illegal hunting with modern equipments and weapons as the highest ranked threat.

Illustration A

Threats Guar Muntjac Sambar Deer

Serow Wild Pig Summary Threat Rating

Habitat Destruction High Medium High High

Illegal hunting with modern equipments and weapons. Modern equipments: Explosive trap, Matel claw trap, Wire snare, Poison. Modern weapons: War guns (Kabin, AK, M16)

Very High High High High Medium Very High

Diseases Medium High Medium High High

Illegal hunting with traditional weapons and equipments. Traditional equipments: Small plastic rope snare, Wood trap, Hole trap, Cross bow, Spear trap

High High Medium High

High High High High Medium Very High

D. Threat Analysis

52

4.2 Factor ChainsKnowing the most critical threat (illegal hunting), we now return to the Concept Model to see who and what lie behind the threat; i.e. what are the contributing factors (including indirect threats) that create the environment within which this threat occurs and which must be addressed to mitigate or reduce the threat and therefore improve the target’s condition. This simplified, and more linear, view of the Concept Model is called a “Factor Chain”.

This knowledge will be also used to design our formative research (Section E), to validate the fact that we have chosen the right biodiversity target, the right threat, the right audience, and the right strategy to address and mitigate it?

What does the word “right” mean? “Right” means that the audience(s) identified really do drive a critical biodiversity threat over which Pride (and the complementary partners that we bring to the campaign) have a proven ability to mitigate and minimalize the

D. Threat Analysis

53

threats, which will measurably improve the status of a key biodiversity target (a threatened ecosystem, and endangered or endemic species). The model we constructed in Section C helps us to see who (which potential audience) lies behind the threat of illegal hunting. Audiences are circled in red above: Illegal Hunters

For ease of future discussion we can split the above diagram into three; one chain representing the chain from illegal hunters, the general villagers and government officers. These three chains are shown on the next page.

4.2.1 Factor Chain for Illegal Hunters

Illegal Hunters

54

4.2.2 Factor Chain for General VillagersThis shows the Factor Chain for General Villagers with the contributing factors (including indirect threats) being: Introduction of general villagers, (lack of) willingness to act in reporting illegal hunters

General Villagers

55

4.2.3 Factor Chain for Government OfficersThis shows the Factor Chain for Government Officers with the contributing factors (including indirect threats) being: Introduction of general villagers, (lack of) willingness to act in enforcing the wildlife regulation.

Government Officers

56

E. Formative Research

The planning work conducted to date has been drawn from a comparatively small group of stakeholders and decisions made based upon many untested assumptions. Data needs to be ground-truthed with a broader spectrum of experts. Directed conversations will also help us determine Management Options and to begin to build a composite portrait of the three target audiences, as well as help design the quantitative survey described in section 7.0. The quantitative survey will both help us understand our primary audiences and allow us to establish a baseline for measuring change that is caused by the Pride campaign. The sequences in which the results of the formative research are presented here do not necessarily correspond to the chronology in which the data was collected, and in some cases, multiple iterations of the research, such as directed conversations with target audiences, were required.

5.0 Directed Conversations5.1 With Scientists5.2 With Chief Forestry Officers5.3 With Health Experts5.4 With Key Target Audiences5.5 Benefits and Barriers

6.0 Management Options (Barrier Removal Assessment Viability Overview)7.0 Results Chain and Preliminary Objectives8.0 Establishing a Baseline9.0 Survey Results

9.1 Summary of Bio-data9.2 Media Preferences by Key Segments9.3 Trusted Sources9.4 Knowledge and Attitude about Key Issues9.5 Practice9.6 New Threats Identified9.7 Barriers to Behavior Change9.8 Benefits9.9 Flagship Species

10.0 Understanding Your Audience5.0 DIRECTED CONVERSATIONS

Target Threat for Pride campaign

57

We have assumed that the information gleaned from our review of literature from our key stakeholder meeting(s) is accurate. We have determined the top ranked target to be the ungulates of Nam Et – Phou Louey (NEPL) National Protected Area (NPA) and the top ranked threat to be illegal hunting in village use area and NPA core zone. We have identified several key target audiences (illegal Hunters, General Villagers and Government Officers) and created simplified Factor Chains to show how our audience segments are linked to the direct threat (see section D: 39/40).

5.1 Directed Conversations with Scientists to Assess Threat RankingAfter stakeholders identified the threats to the ungulates in the NEPL NPA at the stakeholder meeting, the threat ranking meeting was held at the NEPL NPA head quarter in the following day. All the key stakeholders from the NEPL NPA and WCS were invited to rank the threat. The result of the meeting identified that illegal hunting is the highest threat to guar, it is also high threat to sambar deer, muntjac and serow.

The result of the stakeholder meeting and the threat ranking were discussed with Dr. Arlyne Johnson, Country Director of Wildlife Conservation Society Lao PDR Program through telephone conversation. She agreed that the threat to the ungulate is the current threat that NEPL NPA and WCS have been implementing many activities to reduce.

Mr. Chanthavy Vongkhamheng, Biological Monitoring Manager, WCS, Ph D. Candidate also agreed illegal hunting is the highest threat to ungulates in the NEPL NPA.

A meeting of the result of the stakeholder meeting and the threat ranking was called by Dr. Arlyne Johnson. The purpose of the meeting was to get everyone on board about the campaign. We discussed at the meeting which participated by Dr. Arlyne Johnson, Troy Hansel, Venevongphet and Chanthavy Vongkhamheng. I took the lead to brief the result of the stakeholder meeting and the result of the threat ranking, the meeting agreed that we were in the right track to reduce the threats to the ungulates in the NEPL NPA.

5.2 Directed Conversation with the NEPL NPA ManagementI had discussed with Xayasine Xongyongya and Mr. Buathong Xayavong, NEPL NPA Assistant Manager and Mr. Venevongphet, Tiger Project Manager, Wildlife Conservation Society Lao PDR Program. They all agreed that the illegal hunting is the highest threat to ungulates.

58

5.4 Directed conversations with Key Target Audiences

I had informal conversation with 4 food stalls owners at the Viengthong district market. They knew that wildlife trade is illegal and WCU has been working in the district to investigate wildlife trade. They also knew the ungulates population has been decreasing. When I talked to them about what the barriers of stop selling bush meat? They said there was no any barrier if the officers wanted us to stop we just stop. In fact, they have kept selling bush meat. It is quite hard to believe with statement because sometimes WCU finds some of them sell cooked food make of bush meat.

5.4.1 Composite portrait: Illegal HuntersFishermeniii

Illegal hunters are villagers who serve government as village militias and village policemen, so they have authorities to carry weapons. In principle they are not allow to use their gun for hunting, but some of them do, because in the situation that many people wants money, the price of wild animal is quite high, this is the key motivation for the illegal hunters to hunt illegally.Illegal hunters:

They are men They are farmers Some of them are short of rice for 1 to three monthly every year. They are villagers Most of them have modern weapons which are provided by army and police office, but they have limited bullets. They have access to bullets They hunt and collect Non-Timber Forest Products. They rely on wild meat and fish for the protein. They have been practicing hunting generation to generation. They aware of decreasing of number of ungulates

5.4.2 Composite portrait: General Villagers iv The profile of the general villagers are similar to illegal hunters, because illegal hunters are villagers, but they serve government as village militias and village policemen, so they have authorities to carry weapons.

General villagers earn money from selling rattan, some vine bark, orchids, and bamboo shoots. They believe this is only the way they will get more money. They want cash so they must get as much as possible before others; no body owns these resources so they must scramble to get as many as they can. These Non-Timber Forest Products are their free food that they receive from the forest.

59

General villager: They are villagers They are farmers Some of them are short of rice for 1 to three monthly every year. They hunt and collect Non-Timber Forest Products. They have been practicing hunting generation to generation. They aware of decreasing of number of ungulates

5.4.3 Composite portrait: Government Officersv

Government officers have salaries, but their salaries are less than US$100/month. It is hard for them to survive. Luckily, they also grow rice for themselves like general villagers. Some of them still rely on natural resources, because some of them hunt and collection Non-Timber Forest Products for their food.

Government officers:They serve government They have low salaries They practice agriculture They hunt They buy bush meat Their role is to enforce the laws, regulations and rules They don’t do their good job

5.5 Benefits & BarriersBased on the conservations with many scientists, local experts and stakeholders the threat to tigers and ungulates as well as other species in the NEPL NPA needs to be removed if we want to reverse the decreasing trend in the population which is at present very fast and will lead to extinction of the species, especially, tiger.

5.5.1 Benefits of stop illegal huntingStop illegal hunting is not benefits a group of people in each community because those people hunt wild animals for trade and they get benefits from selling wildlife, however, it benefits the whole communities who also have the right to hunt wild animals in village use are for food by using traditional equipments as well as biodiversity of the NPA.

5.5.2 Benefits of reporting wildlife crime

60

Follow up with above paragraph, there is only small amount of people who hunt illegally, but many people in the community hunt legally. It is clear that many people in the community know how to use wild animal wisely by using the right tools, right place and right purpose. But those people ignore illegal hunters who have been stealing the food from them for many years. It is the time for them to think about their benefits of reporting people who has been trying to harvest their wild animal destructively. In addition, reporting wildlife crime will be compensated with big incentives.

61

5.5.2 Benefits of enforcing wildlife regulationGovernment officers enable and enforce the wildlife and NPA regulation will feel pride in their work. The district government will recognize these accomplishments resulting in promotions and praise. They feel pride to develop myself by eliminating the previous behavior of ignoring the infractions. In addition, they will be nominated for the big reward at the end of the year.

5.5.3 Complementary Activities

6.0 MANAGEMENT OPTIONS

Note to the reader:This Bravo was written after the management options listed were ranked for feasibility and impact (see enclosed table below). The result was the following Bravo which assessed Options 2.Since this Bravo was written it emerged that:

- the creation of 6 new substations and an additional mobile team would be unfeasible and not necessarily the most efficient strategy

- The best way forward would be to improve the efficiency of the current substations and mobile team by improving collaboration and procedures between the different enforcement organizations (army, police, court, foresters, financial officers as well as a the NPA management)

- The campaign strategy will focus on reducing the threat of illegal hunting (this will include hunting in the core zone, hunting in village use areas that do not belong to their community, hunting with modern illegal equipment, hunting for trade)

As a consequence the Brop revolved around getting all the enforcement organizations together to create a partnership and start identifying the key issues that need to be resolved in order to improve enforcement. The resulting Brop will outline how the partnership is going to work together and which issues it is planning on taking on. This will likely include a number of the options identified as management options in the excel spreadsheet such as option 2 (Increase control of modern weapons and equipments through working with and training police and army personnel.), 2.1 (Ensure the gun regulation for police and army are appropriate for the local situation.), 2.3 (Extend gun license system to Viengthong district) as well as “Create resource ownership and develop a sense of appreciation for the natural resources that sustain local livelihoods” (through the campaign).


62

Feasibility Feasibility Score

Impact

Category

Economic Technical Cultural / Political

Management Options/Strategies # 1

Create resource ownership and develop a sense of appreciation for the natural resources that sustain local livelihoods.

Costs Revenues Income Substitution

Technology Capacity / Organizational Ability

Other Partners

Community Leadership

Political Environment

Cultural Norms

Conservation Impact

Tipping Points

Metrics

Option # 1.1 (SMC)Raising awareness about benefits of resource ownership, food security and wild food

Score 4.0 4.0 N/A 4.0 4.0 3.8 4.0 4.0 2.0 3.8 3.8 4.0

Average category score

4.0 3.9 3.3 3.9

Option # 1.2 (SMC) Raise awareness of the negative impact of illegal wildlife trade on livelihoods of the Viengthong District as a whole.

Score 4.0 4.0 N/A 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.0 3.0 2.0 3.5 3.8 4.0


4.0 3.9 2.7 3.9

Option # 1.3 Land use planning (Core zone and village use are demarcation)

Score 3.0 4.0 N/A 4.0 2.0 2.0 4.0 4.0 2.0 3.2 3.5 2.0

Demarcate the core zone and village use area in 25 villages in Viengthong district


3.5 2.7 3.3 2.5


Increase control of modern weapons and equipments through working with and training police and army personnel.

Option # 2.1 Ensure the gun Score 4.0 4.0 N/A 4.0 3.8 3.5 3.0 4.0 3.0 3.7 3.5 3.5

63

regulation for police and army are appropriate for the local situation.We believe that we would be able to work with army bases and police offices to ensure the gun regulation to be appropriate with local situation, because we have good relationship with those agencies.


4.0 3.8 3.3 3.3

Option # 2.2 Make adjustments to regulations with authorities, create and dissemination (6 month project)

Score 4.0 4.0 N/A 4.0 3.8 3.5 3.0 4.0 2.5 3.7 3.8 3.8

When we get approval and agreement from the army bases and police office we would be able to print the regulation and disseminate them.


4.0 3.8 3.2 3.7

Option # 2.3 Extend gun license system to Viengthong district

Score 4.0 4.0 N/A 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.5 4.0 3.0 3.8 3.8 3.8


4.0 3.9 3.5 3.7

Option # 2.4 Organize gun collections by police/army

Score 3.5 3.8 N/A 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.9 4.0 3.8

We will support militaries and police to do gun collections


3.7 4.0 4.0 3.9

64


Reduce the infractions of illegal wildlife trading in Viengthong District.

Option # 3.1 Raising awareness regarding laws, regulations, and penalties for illegal wildlife trade (transportation routes, markets, government offices)

Score 4.0 4.0 N/A 4.0 4.0 3.5 4.0 4.0 3.0 3.8 4.0 4.0


4.0 3.8 3.7 3.9

Option # 3.2 Market/ restaurants certification for wildlife free shops

Score 4.0 4.0 N/A 4.0 4.0 3.0 4.0 4.0 3.0 3.8 4.0 3.5


4.0 3.7 3.7 3.7

Option # 3.3 (SMC) Publicizing infractions to the public

Score 4.0 4.0 N/A 4.0 4.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.4 4.0 4.0


4.0 3.3 3.0 3.8

Option # 3.4 (SMC) Promote monetary incentive mechanism to motivate wildlife crime reporters and create peer pressure to report

Score 4.0 4.0 N/A 4.0 4.0 3.0 4.0 3.5 3.8 3.8 4.0 4.0


4.0 3.7 3.8 4.0

65

Management/Strategies

Management Options/Strategies

Reduce the infractions of illegal wildlife trading in the Viengthong District (or both districts?) by increasing enforcement by government authority officers (and create a sense of resource ownership and appreciation for the natural resources that sustain local livelihoods amongst officers and the local hunters)

Option # 1 (SMC)Raising awareness about benefits of resource ownership, food security and wild food (Local people)Options # 2 Creating a solid partnership between all the government authorities (army, police, court,foresters, financial

officers as well as a the NPA mobile patrolling team and rangers teams at 7 substations) to ensure that existing wildlife trade regulations are properly enforced.Create a better incentive system for government authority officers to enforce regulations (for example officer award of the year)Create an additional 6 ranger substations and 1 mobile patrolling team to strengthen enforcement on the ground.

The above strategy will be complemented by a social marketing campaign to:- Raise awareness about the regulations, incentives and penalties.- Raise awareness about the importance of the regulations and the resulting benefits in terms of

resources for the local community - Publicize infractions to the public so that people realize the cost of breaking the law and that hunters

and hunting are not socially acceptable- Celebrate officers who do good enforcement

Option # 3 (SMC) Publicizing infractions to the public. (Offenders, government officials, solders, police, wildlife traders, restaurant owners, market people, consumer in town and local people)

Option # 4 (SMC) Promote monetary incentive mechanism to motivate wildlife crime reporters and create peer pressure to report and promote ownership of natural resources (Local villagers)

Option # 5 Market/ restaurants certification for wildlife free shops (Restaurant owners and market people)Option # 6 (SMC) Raise awareness of the negative impact of illegal wildlife trade on livelihoods of the Viengthong District

as a whole.

66

7.0 RESULTS CHAINS & PRELIMINARY OBJECTIVES

It is now generally recognized that before adopting a new behavior a person moves through a series of stages. These stages are: pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, validation, action, and maintenance. Not all individuals in a target segment will be in the same stage of behavior change, so activities and messages need to reach all groups, in all different stages of behavior change.

Understanding the steps in our results chain has also helped narrow down our preliminary objectives for each target audience before we begin collecting data.

7.1.1 Results chain for Illegal Hunters

68


ConservationResults

BehaviorChange

ThreatReduction

BarrierRemoval

InterpersonalCommunications

AttitudeKnowledge

Hunters who hunt for trade become aware that wildlife trade is illegal and there are strick penalties.

Hunters who hunt for trade agree that wildlife trade is bad for their images and it leads to existint of ungulates.

Hunters who hunt for trade talk to other hunters in and out side the communities about the pressure that they receive.

Peer pressure from people in the same community who have the rights to use ungulates as their food.

Stop illegal hunting:

Stop hunting for trade.&Stop using modern equipment to hunt&stop hunting in the core zone

Reduce illegal hunting:

Reduce hunting for trade &stop hunting for trade with modern equipment&stop hunting in the core zone

Ungulates Muntjac, Wild Pig.

Theory of C

hange (ToC

)R

esults Changes

7.1.2 Preliminary Objectives for Illegal HuntersBased on the results chain, we highlighted the following preliminary objectives for the Pride campaign to achieve among the government officers audience:

Increase awareness among illegal hunters about benefits of legally hunt and penalties of illegally hunt. Illegal hunters will believe that benefits of legally hunt and cost of illegally hunt are impact themselves. Illegal hunters will discuss matter related to threats to ungulates and possible solutions and legality of hunting. Illegal hunters will agree to hunt legally. Illegal hunters villagers will hunt legally.

69


ConservationResults

BehaviorChange

ThreatReduction

BarrierRemoval


AttitudeKnowledge

Hunters who hunt for trade become aware that wildlife trade is illegal and there are strick penalties.

Hunters who hunt for trade agree that wildlife trade is bad for their images and it leads to existint of ungulates.

Hunters who hunt for trade talk to other hunters in and out side the communities about the pressure that they receive.

Peer pressure from people in the same community who have the rights to use ungulates as their food.

Stop illegal hunting:

Stop hunting for trade.&Stop using modern equipment to hunt&stop hunting in the core zone



Ungulates Muntjac, Wild Pig.

Theory of C

hange (ToC

)R

esults Changes

Results chain for general villagers

70

ConservationResults

BehaviorChange

ThreatReduction

BarrierRemoval


AttitudeKnowledge

General villagers aware that reporting illegal hunting and wildlife trade is their reponsibilities. In fact, they will get the benefits of reporting.

General villagers agree to report illegal hunting and wildlife trade.

General villagers talk to other villagers and illegal hunters about illegal hunting and wildlife trade and benefits that they get from reporting illegal hunters about illegal hunting and wildlife trade

If general villagers allow illegal hunters keep practicing they will lose opportunity to consume wildlife.

Gain more incentives from the fines

Report illegal hunting (illegal hunting: hunting for trade, hunt in core zone, hunt by using modern equipments and weapons).

Report wildlife trade.



Ungulates Muntjac, Wild Pig

Theory of C

hange (ToC)

Results C

hanges

Preliminary Objectives for general villagers Based on the results chain, we highlighted the following preliminary objectives for the Pride campaign to achieve among the general villagers audience:

Increase awareness among general villagers about benefits of resource ownership, food security and wild food. General villagers will believe that benefits of resource ownership, food security and wild food are for themselves. General villagers will discuss matter related to threats to ungulates and possible solutions. General villagers will know how to report illegal hunting and wild trade. General villagers will report illegal hunting and wild trade to WCU.

71

7.32.1 Results chain for hunters government officers

72

ConservationResults

BehaviorChange

ThreatReduction

BarrierRemoval


AttitudeKnowledge

Concerned government officer become aware enforcing the law is their reponsibilities. In addition, they will get the benefits of doing their job.

Concerned government officers agree enforcing the wildlife law is their duties.

Concerned government officers talk to other government officers about wildlife trade and benefits that they get from enforcement the law.

Gain more incentives from the fines and win the prize. People in society will praise them.

Enforce the wildlife law seriously.

Reduce wildlife trade.

Ungulates (Guar, Sambar Deer, Serow, Muntjac, Wild Pig

Theory of C

hange (ToC

)R

esults Changes


there should be another results chain for community members. Please cross check results chains with your action table…


these do not seem like the most up to date version. I remember the latest version having all different types of hunting mentioned within the behavior change

7.32.2 Preliminary Objectives for huntersBased on the results chain, we highlighted the following preliminary objectives for the Pride campaign to achieve among the government officers audience:

Increase awareness among government officers about benefits of enforcing the laws, regulations and rules. Government officers will believe that benefits of enforcing the laws, regulations and rules is for themselves and their people. Government officers will discuss matter related to threats to ungulates and possible solutions. Government officers will agree to enforcing the laws, regulations and rules.. General villagers will enforce the laws, regulations and rules.

73

8.0 ESTABLISHING A BASELINE (QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY)

The outreach team members of Nam Et – Phou Louey (NEPL) National Protected Area (NPA) and Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) conducted a quantitative survey of illegal hunters (village militias and policemen), general villagers, hunters (village militias and policemen) and government officers who age 15 up at Viengthong District (Campaign site) and Viengthong District (Control site) in the NEPL NPA. The purpose of the pre-campaign survey was to use the results of this survey to set up baseline for the Pride campaign’s SMART objectives relating the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) components of the campaign’s Theory-of-Change (ToC). By the end of July 2010, a second post survey will be conducted. Two data sets from pre and post campaign survey will be compared to measure any change in these KAP changeable in order to evaluate the level of achievement of the SMART objects.

There were 9 sections in the questionnaires survey which provided baseline data of Background information, Socioeconomic and Demographic, Trusted sources of information and media access/exposure, Knowledge, Attitude, Interpersonal communication, Behavior, Barriers to and benefits of behavior change and Exposure to campaign activities and messages of the campaign’s target audiences. The target audiences of the campaign are: 1) Hunters (Village militias and village policemen), 2). General Villagers (general villagers in target villages, restaurant owners and market food stall owners), and 3). Government Officers. The survey was designed by using online program “Surveysystem.com” (http://www.surveysystem.com/sscalc.htm). We used the statistic of population that we received from Viengthong (Campaign site) and Viengkham (Control site) District Cabinet Offices. The numbers of the population were put in the Surveysystem.com to calculate the numbers of the sample size. We decided to take the confidence interval at 0.05 and the confidence level at 0.95. The results of using the Surveysystem.com were 615 samples in campaign site and 563 samples in control site needed to be conducted. Viengthong (Campaign site: general villagers (N=371), hunters (village militias and policemen) (N=118) and government officers (N=126)) and Viengkham (Control site: general villagers (N=389), hunters (village militias and policemen) (N=120) and government officers (N=54)). (Table 1, 2, 3 and 4).

To establish the control group is meaningful and necessary for the Pride campaign. Viengkham District was selected as control site for the Pride campaign in the NEPL NPA (Map 1), this district was considered as control site because it is covered by the NEPL NPA like Viengthong District (campaign site). In addition, conservation efforts have been putting in this district is the same with campaign site in Viengthong district. Therefore, these two sites are considered as realistic for comparison by pre and post of each site.

74

http://www.surveysystem.com/sscalc.htm

Software called Apain’s SurveyPro was used entering and analyzing the data from the survey. The results of the survey by using this software provide the level of knowledge, attitude and behavior toward NEPL NPA’s conservation in general threats it faces in specific, media preferences, willingness to change behaviors, benefits and barriers and trusted sources. A complete copy of questionnaires used in the post campaign survey is given in the Appendix C.

All the enumerators who involved in the pre-campaign survey have had experiences in conducting survey. However, the training for the campaign in specific was needed. Two days training was held in the NEPL NPA, the first day was the day for enumerators to understand the contents of the questionnaires survey. Enumerators needed to make sure if they understand the questionnaires survey correctly, this would mitigate the risk of making assumption when they conducted the survey. Working with enumerators was very helpful and useful for me to develop the questionnaires survey to fit with the real situation of the area in term of wording, culture and traditional point of view as well as the contents of the survey before printing them all. The survey was supervised by me (Santi Saypanya).

Table 1. The following table summarizes the number of people interviewed and the geographical distribution of the survey.

DISTRICT ADULT POPULATION SIZE

TARGET AREA POP SAMPLED

NUMBER OF ENUMERATORS

NAMES OF ENUMERATORS

Viengthong District

11,005 615 10 Joy, Dtae, Bee, Saiphone, Sengpor, Dtouk, Buathong, Sming, Somephet, Singkeo

Viengkham District

13,773 563 9 Joy, Dtae, Bee, Saiphone, Sengpor, Dtouk, Buathong, Sming and Singkeo

Table 2. Sampling methodology

Target site Sample for comprehensive survey

Actual# Control site Sample for control site

Actual#

Total pop: 11005 Total pop: 13,773General villager (general villagers and restaurant and market food stall owners)

371 378 General villager (general villagers and restaurant and market food stall owners)

389 xx

Government officers (army, policemen, 126 105 Government officers (army, policemen, 54 xx

75

wildlife crime mobile team and other government officers)

wildlife crime mobile team and other government officers)

Hunters (Village police and militia) 118 132 Village police and militia 120Total 615 615 Total 563

76

Table 3. The numbers of general villagers who were interviewed (Campaign site).

No

#1

Village Name

#2

Pop

#3

Percentage of pop=#pop in each village*100/total pop villages

which will be interviewed

#5

Total general villagers to be interviewed=result of #5*total

pop of sample size/100

#61 Piang dee 1782 Phone Kham 1453 Nale 3094 Sopman 1845 Khonngua 353

1,1696 Khone 1757 Viengthong 532 6.5 248 Pong Hai 485 5.9 229 Kaw Kiang 337 4.1 15

10 Khang 51011 Boung Bing 187

222612 Tan Hiang 233 2.8 1113 Na Vieng 460 5.6 2114 Na Twoun 642 7.8 2915 Houay Sa 15116 Phou Vieng 324 3.9 1517 Thad Hiam 556 6.8 2518 Muang Hiam 288 3.5 1319 Som Phan Thong 450 5.5 2020 Na Phone 245 3.0 11

77

21 Phiang Done 203 2.4 922 Na Bouak 23923 Nam Sat 248 3.0 1124 Houa Phou 161

420025 Phone Saad 418 5.1 1926 Nam Phoung 273 3.3 1227 Sa kok 286 3.5 1328 Done Khoun 349 4.2 1629 Had Sa 254

158030 Long Ngua Ba 572 7.0 2631 Nam Neurn 349 4.2 1632 Buam Fat 260 3.1 1233 Houay Duen 346 4.2 1634 Phongsong 303 3.7 14

1830

Total population of Vienthong District

11,005

Total population to be calculated for interview

8,159 100% 371

78

Table 4. The numbers of general villagers who were interviewed (Control site).

No

#1

Village Name

#2

Pop

#3

Percentage of pop=#pop in each village*100/total pop villages

which will be interviewed

#5

Total general villagers to be interviewed=result of #5*total

pop of sample size/100

#61 Sam Sum 238 2.4 92 Houay Chor 510 5.3 203 Oum Brink 490 5.1 194 Pou Kong 283 2.9 115 Pou Keow 374 3.9 156 Pou Kang 510 5.3 207 Vieng Xay 338 3.5 13

2,7438 Muang Muay 902 9.4 369 Don Keaw 470 4.9 19

10 Vang Kham 200 2.0 81,572

11 Nam Soy 565 5.9 2212 Nong Kham 501 5.2 2013 Sop Hueng 292 3.0 1114 Vieng Tong 708 7.3 2815 Dtum Ming 260 2.7 10

2,32616 Sae 614 6.4 2417 Viengkham 1,092 11.4 4318 Vang Bai 436 4.5 17

79

19 Vang Hueng 306 3.1 1220 Hat Yao 277 2.8 1121 Phone Savang 209 2.1 8

2,9349,575 100% 377

The survey was designed and analyzed using Apian® Survey Pro® software.9.0 SURVEY RESULTS

The 615 questionnaires surveys were returned to me then I entered them into SurveyPro software package. Data collection from the quantitative survey can check in on some of our assumptions and help to revise our objectives. Survey analyze will help confirm and better understand one’s target audience, as well as identify channels, trusted sources and help to craft message.

9.1 Summary of Bio-data

The survey sample was done in bigger portion of Viengthong district (campaign site) in NEPL NPA, although it was marginally biased toward men than women, it is because two of our target audiences (hunters and government officers) are mostly male. Following our quota sampling methodology, our sample of 615 respondents included 1) 132 hunters, 2) 105 government officers, 3) 378 general villagers. The table 2 shows basic demographic and socioeconomic data that comprise the so-called independent changeable for our sample. The range of the age of the respondents is between 15 to 55 year olds.

Table 2Independent Variables to Assess Comparability of the Surveys

Variable Pre-campaign level

Residence typeRural = 38.4%Suburban = 22.8%Urban = 38.9%

Gender Male = 43.963.6%Female = 56.136.4%

80



Is it representative of the overall population? Is this based on the 315 surveys? Or the 615? (It should be based on the random sample only) also if this is already right then what do you think the explanation for this is if it is not representative? Done This comment applied not only to gender but also the other sections of this table (except for target audience group)

Target audience groupHunters (Village militias and policemen) = 21.5%General Villagers = 17.1%Government Officers = 61.5%

Age group

15 to 19 9.3%20 to 24 16.6%25 to 29 17.9%30 to 34 16.7%35 to 39 14.1%40 to 44 6.5%45 to 49 8.0%50 to 54 5.9%55 5.0%

ReligionBuddhism 38.0%Ghost 61.8%Other 0.2%

Employment sector (only the main sectors are shown)

Working for wages 1.1%Trader/Businessmen 5.4%Farmer68.6%Retired0.3%Soldier 12.8%Police 2.3%Housewife 1.0%Student 5.4%Teacher 1.5%Mobile patrolling team 1.0%Other government officer 0.7%Other 0.0%

81


TV viewership (days per week)

Before 6:00 AM 6.3%6:01 AM to 10:00 AM 9.2%10:01 AM to 2:00 PM 3.9%2:01 PM to 6:00 PM 2.4%6:01 PM to 10:00 PM 27.5%After 10 PM 0.5%No particular time 1.2%Not sure/Don't know 4.1%Don't watch 60.1%

Source: Data in table 2 is based on interviews with 615 respondents in the pre-campaign survey. In some cases, the numbers may not sum to 100% due to rounding or because not all response options are shown for some changeable.

82

Figure 1 and 2 shows the frequency distribution for (1) gender and (2) age of our sample.

83


Are these representative? You need to compare these with statistics from the region

9.2 Media Preference by Key Segment

Table 3 shows the results of a cross tabulation of relationship of watching local TV by target groups. The most preferred week-day watching time was between 6:01 PM to 10:00 PM as applied to audiences: hunters (14.1%), general villagers (29.5%) and government officers (32.3%) (See figure 1 or table 3 below). The preferred programming for all target audiences were Mor Lum (Local Music), Hmong Song, Khamu Song, Kap Sam Nue, News, Role-play, Sport News and Talk shows (See table 3 below). This information will be used to target audiences by delivering the Pride campaign message through these media channels.

Table 3Media Access/Use Questions

Variable Response Options

Pre-CampaignGeneral Villagers(N=378)

Hunters(N =132)

Government Officers(N=105) Total (N=615)

Frequency of watching TV in the past month

Before 6:00 AM 6.2% 9.9% 4.0% 6.3%6:01 AM to 10:00 AM 6.2% 7.0% 18.2% 9.2%10:01 AM to 2:00 PM 2.9% 2.8% 7.1% 3.9%2:01 PM to 6:00 PM 1.7% 1.4% 5.1% 2.4%6:01 PM to 10:00 PM 29.5% 14.1% 32.3% 27.5%After 10 PM 0.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.5%No particular time 1.7% 1.4% 0.0% 1.2%Not sure/Don't know 6.2% 2.8% 0.0% 4.1%Don't watch 58.5% 73.2% 54.5% 60.1%

Mor Lum (Local Music)Like it 91.5% 88.6% 91.4% 90.9%Like not like it 7.1% 7.6% 7.6% 7.3%Not sure/Don’t know 1.3% 3.8% 1.0% 1.8%

84

Hmong SongLike it 60.3% 56.8% 56.2% 58.9%Like not like it 25.9% 24.2% 29.5% 26.2%Not sure/Don’t know 13.8% 18.9% 14.3% 15.0%

Khamu SongLike it 72.0% 77.3% 65.7% 72.0%Like not like it 18.0% 14.4% 22.9% 18.0%Not sure/Don’t know 10.1% 8.3% 11.4% 9.9%

Kap Sam NueLike it 97.4% 96.2% 96.2% 96.9%Like not like it 1.3% 3.0% 3.8% 2.1%Not sure/Don’t know 1.3% 0.8% 0.0% 1.0%

NewsLike it 94.4% 97.0% 99.0% 95.8%Like not like it 4.0% 2.3% 1.0% 3.1%Not sure/Don’t know 1.6% 0.8% 0.0% 1.1%

Role-playLike it 89.7% 90.9% 89.5% 89.9%Like not like it 7.7% 5.3% 7.6% 7.2%Not sure/Don’t know 2.6% 3.8% 2.9% 2.9%

Sport NewsLike it 88.1% 95.5% 97.1% 91.2%Like not like it 9.3% 2.3% 2.9% 6.7%Not sure/Don’t know 2.6% 2.3% 0.0% 2.1%

Talk showsLike it 61.4% 77.3% 76.2% 67.3%Like not like it 15.1% 7.6% 15.2% 13.5%Not sure/Don’t know 23.5% 15.2% 8.6% 19.2%

Source: Data in Table 3 is based on interviews with 615 respondents in the pre-campaign survey 132 hunters, 105 government officers and 378 general villagers. In some cases, the numbers may not sum to 100% due to rounding or because not all response options are shown for some variables.

85

Figures 1: Most common times to watch local TV for hunters, general villagers and government on weekdays (weekend data not shown). Data in these figures is based on interviews with 132 hunters, 105 government officers and 378 general villagers.

86

9.3 Trusted Sources“Information from a credible Source influences beliefs, opinions, attitudes and/or behavior through internalization. Once the receiver internalizes an opinion or attitude, it becomes integrated into his or her belief system. This belief may be maintained even after the source of the message is forgotten. A highly creditable communicator is particularly important when message recipients have a negative position toward the product, service or issue being promoted, because the credible source is likely to inhibit counter-arguments” (Sadowsky). Peers, community leaders, religious leaders, recognized “experts” are all often such trusted sources.

Table 4Trusted Sources of Environmental Information

Information Source Level of Trustworthiness


Hunters(N =132)


Person on radio Trustworthy 89.4% 96.2% 96.2% 92.0%Not trustworthy 2.6% 2.3% 1.0% 2.3%Not sure/Don’t know 7.9% 1.5% 2.9% 5.7%

Person on TV Trustworthy 83.9% 91.7% 93.3% 87.2%Not trustworthy 3.4% 3.0% 1.0% 2.9%Not sure/Don’t know 12.7% 5.3% 5.7% 9.9%

Information in printed regulation booklet

Trustworthy 86.8% 88.6% 91.4% 88.0%Not trustworthy 2.4% 1.5% 3.8% 2.4%Not sure/Don’t know 10.8% 9.8% 3.8% 9.6%

Elder Trustworthy 94.4% 97.0% 84.8% 93.3%Not trustworthy 1.6% 1.5% 6.7% 2.4%Not sure/Don’t know 4.0% 1.5% 8.6% 4.2%

Friends and family members Trustworthy 89.7% 90.2% 85.7% 89.1%

87


Not trustworthy 5.0% 1.5% 7.6% 4.7%Not sure/Don’t know 5.3% 8.3% 6.7% 6.2%

Teacher Trustworthy 96.0% 97.7% 96.2% 96.4%Not trustworthy 1.9% 0.0% 1.9% 1.5%Not sure/Don’t know 2.1% 2.3% 1.9% 2.1%

Information on billboard Trustworthy 92.6% 97.0% 99.0% 94.6%Not trustworthy 2.1% 0.8% 0.0% 1.5%Not sure/Don’t know 5.3% 2.3% 1.0% 3.9%

NPA outreach teamTrustworthy 93.1% 97.0% 97.1% 94.6%Not trustworthy 2.4% 0.0% 1.0% 1.6%Not sure/Don’t know 4.5% 3.0% 1.9% 3.7%

Information from public meetingTrustworthy 92.9% 95.5% 95.2% 93.8%Not trustworthy 1.1% 0.0% 1.9% 1.0%Not sure/Don’t know 6.1% 4.5% 2.9% 5.2%

Information from puppet showTrustworthy 56.3% 48.5% 60.0% 55.3%Not trustworthy 6.3% 3.0% 8.6% 6.3%Not sure/Don’t know 37.3% 48.5% 31.4% 38.7%

SingerTrustworthy 85.2% 92.4% 94.3% 88.3%Not trustworthy 4.5% 3.8% 1.9% 3.9%Not sure/Don’t know 10.3% 3.8% 3.8% 7.8%

Information on posterTrustworthy 81.0% 92.4% 91.4% 85.2%Not trustworthy 2.1% 0.8% 0.0% 1.5%Not sure/Don’t know 16.9% 6.8% 8.6% 13.3%

Information on newsletterTrustworthy 74.6% 81.1% 80.8% 77.0%Not trustworthy 2.9% 3.0% 1.0% 2.6%Not sure/Don’t know 22.5% 15.9% 18.3% 20.4%

88

Source: In formation in Table 4 is derived from the question “People hear information about the natural environment from many different sources. I am going to read you a list of sources from which you might hear information about the environment, and I would like you to tell me whether you would find that source "Most tTrustworthy, Very trustworthy, Somewhat trustworthy, or Not trustworthy.” This table represents people’s perceptions regarding sources of trustworthy are very high which will be the channels for the campaign to deliver the messages through these sources to the target audiences. The only lowest percentage of trustworthy is puppet show, this might be because the people in the Nam Et – Phou Louey National Protected Area don’t aware of the puppet show, because they said they have any ideas about the puppet show. But this would be interesting activities to capture the attention of them.

89

9.4 Knowledge and Attitude about Key Issues

Table 5 presents the results for the key survey questions that were designed to establish the baseline levels for our SMART objectives and to evaluate other key knowledge levels. The table makes clear the challenge to our campaign. Only 8.8% of general villagers realize the ungulates are their food, 12.1% for hunters and 8.6 for government officers. Only 13.3% of general villagers, 30.2% of hunters and 15.1% of government officers understand that the important threat to the ungulate was to use modern equipments and weapons to hunt.

Table 5Knowledge Questions

Variable Response option


Hunters(N =132)

Government Officers(N=105)

Total (N=615)

15. Why do you think ungulates (Guar, Sambar deer, Serow, Muntjac and Wild pig) are important to you?

Food for people 8.8% 12.1% 8.6% 9.5%Beautiful animal 17.6% 22.7% 27.6% 20.4%Worthy property 8.0% 7.6% 17.1% 9.5%Keep for watching 36.2% 59.1% 36.2% 41.1%For trade 0.3% 0.0% 1.0% 0.3%Benefits from ecotourism 18.4% 16.7% 36.2% 21.0%For medicine 2.4% 1.5% 5.7% 2.8%Not sure/Don’t know 25.0% 10.6% 0.0% 17.6%No benefits 1.1% 0.8% 0.0% 0.8%I believe there are some benefits, but not sure what they are 1.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.7%Other 0.5% 0.0% 1.0% 0.5%

90

16. How often do you and your family eat muntjac and wild pig?

Don't eat 77.8% 60.6% 66.7% 72.2%1 to 3 times/week 0.5% 0.8% 0.0% 0.5%A few times/month 3.4% 2.3% 5.7% 3.6%A few times/year 13.2% 26.5% 21.0% 17.4%Not sure/Don’t know 5.0% 9.8% 6.7% 6.3%

17. How often did use to eat muntjac and wild pig when you were twenty years old?

Don't eat 27.8% 23.5% 21.9% 25.9%1 to 3 times/week 8.5% 10.6% 2.9% 8.0%4 to 6 times/week 0.5% 0.0% 1.0% 0.5%7 times/week 1.9% 0.0% 0.0% 1.1%A few times/month 22.5% 13.6% 20.0% 20.2%A few times/year 34.9% 45.5% 48.6% 39.5%Not sure/Don’t know 4.0% 6.8% 5.7% 4.9%

18. What are the reason people in your community hunt muntjac and wild pig?

For food 74.1% 87.1% 80.0% 77.9%For trade 31.5% 23.5% 62.9% 35.1%For medicine 0.3% 12.3% 31.0% 0.8%Not sure/Don’t know 19.0% 11.4% 9.5% 15.8%Other 0.3% 10.0% 0.0% 0.2%

19. What method do they use to hunt? String snare 18.5% 30.3% 31.4% 23.3%Wire snare 9.3% 14.4% 17.1% 11.7%Gun 52.4% 68.9% 66.7% 58.4%Spear trap 5.6% 8.3% 6.7% 6.3%Metal claw trap 1.3% 50.8% 12.9% 1.5%Poison cross bow 1.6% 61.5% 21.0% 1.5%Traditional trapping tools 3.7% 8.3% 3.8% 4.7%

Not sure/Don’t know 28.6% 10.6% 11.4% 21.8%Hunting dogs 4.5% 0.8% 11.9% 3.3%

91

Other 0.3% 10.0% 0.0% 0.2%

20. If you want to borrow a gun, who do you get it from?

Village militia 24.5% 30.8% 28.2% 26.5%Village police 7.7% 17.7% 11.7% 10.6%Soldier 3.7% 6.9% 10.7% 5.7%Police 1.4% 2.3% 4.9% 2.2%Retired 0.0% 0.8% 11.0% 0.3%Not sure/Don't know 53.0% 57.7% 41.7% 52.1%Borrow from friends 0.0% 0.0% 1.9% 0.3%Never borrow a gun from anyone 1.7% 60.8% 11.0% 1.4%

Village headman 0.6% 20.0% 0.0% 0.3%Weapon is not allowed to be borrowed 16.8% 7.7% 19.4% 15.2%

Other 0.6% 22.2% 31.9% 1.2%

21. Do you know of anyone who borrows a gun from authorized gun carrier to hunt wildlife?

Yes 4.5% 8.3% 11.4% 6.5%Uncertain 10.6% 0.8% 15.7% 7.6%No 84.9% 90.9% 82.9% 85.9%

22. How it is easy to find ammunition? Easy 2.1% 3.8% 3.8% 2.8%Difficult 76.7% 92.4% 91.4% 82.6%Not sure/Don’t know 21.2% 3.8% 4.8% 14.6%

23. If someone wants to get ammunition, who do they get it from?

Village militia 16.0% 22.2% 14.3% 17.1%Village policemen 12.0% 0.0% 14.3% 9.8%Soldier 28.0% 55.6% 42.9% 36.6%Police 12.0% 11.1% 14.3% 12.2%Not sure/Don’t know 60.0% 33.3% 28.6% 48.8%Vietnamese/Chinese traders 4.0% 11.1% 14.3% 7.3%

Other 0.0% 11.1% 0.0% 2.4%

92

24. Do you think how many ungulates (Guar, Sambar deer, Serow, Muntjac and Wild pig) are there in your village use area?

GuarMany 3.2% 6.1% 1.4% 5.2%Very few 7.7% 12.1% 30.5% 12.5%No ungulate 65.9% 69.7% 48.6% 63.7%Not sure/Don’t know 23.3% 12.1% 9.5% 18.5%Sambar DeerMany 22.8% 34.1% 39.0% 28.0%Very few 18.0% 31.1% 34.3% 23.6%No ungulate 41.0% 26.5% 21.9% 34.6%Not sure/Don’t know 18.3% 8.3% 4.8% 13.8%SerowMany 13.5% 18.2% 33.3% 17.9%Very few 20.9% 43.2% 33.3% 27.8%No ungulate 47.9% 29.5% 26.7% 40.3%Not sure/Don’t know 17.7% 9.1% 6.7% 14.0%MuntjacMany 50.8% 68.9% 73.3% 58.5%Very few 28.3% 23.5% 21.9% 26.2%No ungulate 12.2% 4.5% 1.9% 8.8%Not sure/Don’t know 8.7% 3.0% 2.9% 6.5%Wild PigMany 57.1% 72.7% 75.2% 63.6%Very few 22.5% 19.7% 20.0% 21.5%No ungulate 12.2% 4.5% 1.9% 8.8%Not sure/Don’t know 8.2% 3.0% 2.9% 6.2%

25. Within the next 5 years do you think any of the following five species (Guar, Sambar, Serow, Muntjac and Wild pig) are in danger of

Yes 24.1% 24.2% 30.5% 25.2%Uncertain 14.0% 4.5% 8.6% 11.1%No 61.9% 71.2% 61.0% 63.7%

93

disappearing forever from NEPL NPAS?

26. If yes which ones?

Guar 67.0% 89.3% 68.3% 71.2%Sambar Deer 26.6% 7.1% 22.0% 22.1%Serow 24.5% 7.1% 22.0% 20.9%Muntjac 28.7% 10.7% 22.0% 23.9%Wild pig 19.1% 17.9% 19.5% 19.0%

27. Do you think are there any threats that might cause all of the ungulates (Guar, Sambar deer, Serow, Muntjac and Wild pig) in NEPL to die out? If yes ask (A)

Yes 46.3% 40.9% 68.6% 48.9%Uncertain 15.1% 12.1% 6.7% 13.0%

No 38.6% 47.0% 24.8% 38.0%

(A) If do you think there are threats to the ungulates, what do you think are the most important threats to the ungulates? You may give me more than one answer.

Because hunters use modern weapons and equipment to hunt

13.3% 30.2% 15.1% 16.8%

Habitat loss 9.7% 9.4% 11.0% 10.0%Diseases 1.2% 1.9% 0.0% 1.0%Over hunting 74.5% 86.8% 86.3% 79.7%Wildlife trade 12.7% 9.4% 26.0% 15.5%Believe there is a threat but not sure what

3.6% 0.0% 1.4% 2.4%

Not sure/Don't know 2.4% 0.0% 0.0% 1.4%Other 3.0% 3.8% 0.0% 2.4%

94

Table 6 presents data for the attitude questions we asked in the survey. There are many things for the campaign to do to reach the changeable of the attitude. Only 35.6% of the hunters’ attitude in legality of hunting muntjac and wild pig. Only 12.1% of the hunters’ attitude regarding wild pig and muntjac are important food for them. The interesting response of this table is question number 33 “What should be the punishment of a person who lends gun to other person to hunt wildlife?” 17% of general villagers answered “Jail term” and 15.2% government officers answered so, but only 6.1% of illegal hunters answered “Jail term”. This proves that illegal hunters hunt by themselves and lends guns to other illegal hunters who don’t have authority to carry guns. In addition, most of the answers regarding the punishment are education and fine.

Table 6Attitude Questions

Pre-Campaign

Variable Response Options

General Villagers(N=378)

Hunters(N =132)

Government Officers(N=105)

Total (N=615)

A. If all guar, Sambar deer, Serow, muntjac and wild pig in NEPL NPA disappeared you would not care

Agree 12.7% 7.6% 5.7% 10.4%Neutral 1.9% 0.0% 3.8% 1.8%Not agree 85.4% 92.4% 90.5% 87.8%

B. It is illegal for a person who hunt muntjac and wild pig in their village use area using traditional equipments


C. It is legal for a person to hunt muntjac and wild pig using traditional equipments (allowed equipments)


D. It is legal for a person to hunt muntjac and wild pig using modern weapons and equipments in the core zone


E. It is legal for a person from your village to Agree 8.5% 6.1% 5.7% 7.5%

95

hunt muntjac and wild pig using modern weapons and equipments in your village use area

Neutral 1.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.7%

Not agree 90.5% 93.9% 94.3% 91.9%

F. It is legal for a person to hunt guar, Sambar deer and Serow.


G. It is illegal for a person who hunt muntjac and wild pig in their village use area using traditional equipments for trade


H. It is legal for a person to sell bush meat.Agree 4.8% 3.8% 4.8% 4.6%Neutral 0.5% 0.0% 1.0% 0.5%Not agree 94.7% 96.2% 94.3% 95.0%

I. It is legal for a person to buy bush meat. Agree 9.8% 7.6% 6.7% 8.8%Neutral 1.1% 2.3% 2.9% 1.6%Not agree 89.2% 90.2% 90.5% 89.6%

J. Wildlife trade must be stopped.Agree 88.6% 87.9% 91.4% 88.9%Neutral 0.5% 0.8% 0.0% 0.5%Not agree 10.0% 11.4% 8.6% 10.6%

29. What should the punishment of a person who hunts wildlife using modern weapons and equipments be?

Educate 15.6% 25.8% 19.0% 18.4%Fine 31.7% 36.4% 24.8% 31.5%Fine double 2.1% 3.8% 5.7% 3.1%Fine triple 0.0% 2.3% 3.8% 1.1%Jail term 12.2% 7.6% 12.4% 11.2%Educate and fine 8.5% 6.8% 18.1% 9.8%Fine and jail term 7.9% 12.9% 15.2% 10.2%No punishment 1.3% 0.0% 1.0% 1.0%Retrieve weapon 1.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.8%Not sure/Don’t know 20.4% 6.1% 2.9% 14.3%

96

Execute 0.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.3%

30. What should the punishment of a person who trades in bush meat first be?

Educate 42.9% 42.4% 46.7% 43.4%Fine 27.2% 28.0% 22.9% 26.7%Fine double 1.3% 2.3% 1.0% 1.5%Fine triple 0.5% 1.5% 0.0% 0.7%Educate and fine 8.2% 12.1% 25.7% 12.0%Fine and jail term 2.4% 4.5% 2.9% 2.9%Jail term 2.9% 3.8% 0.0% 2.6%Not sure/Don’t know 14.3% 4.5% 1.0% 9.9%No punishment 1.3% 0.8% 1.0% 1.1%

31. What should the punishment of a person who trades in the bush meat second times be?

Educate 2.9% 2.3% 3.8% 2.9%Fine 27.8% 36.4% 25.7% 29.3%Fine double 25.7% 15.2% 22.9% 22.9%Fine triple 0.8% 4.5% 4.8% 2.3%Educate and fine 4.0% 6.8% 16.2% 6.7%Fine and jail term 12.4% 23.5% 18.1% 15.8%Jail term 13.2% 9.1% 7.6% 11.4%Not sure/Don’t know 14.0% 3.8% 2.9% 9.9%No punishment 0.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.5%Execute 0.3% 0.8% 0.0% 0.3%

32. What should the punishment of a person who trades in the bush meat more than two times be?

Educate 0.0% 1.5% 2.9% 0.8%Fine 3.2% 3.0% 1.9% 2.9%Fine double 4.2% 3.8% 2.9% 3.9%Fine triple 6.1% 18.2% 10.5% 9.4%Educate and fine 1.3% 0.8% 1.9% 1.3%Fine and jail term 32.5% 50.0% 48.6% 39.0%Jail term 33.9% 31.8% 30.5% 32.8%Not sure/Don’t know 18.8% 6.1% 3.8% 13.5%

97

No punishment 0.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.3%Execute 3.2% 0.0% 1.9% 2.3%

33. What should be the punishment of a person who lends gun to other person to hunt wildlife?

Educate 11.9% 18.9% 16.2% 14.2%Fine 18.8% 21.2% 23.8% 20.2%Fine double 1.1% 3.0% 2.9% 1.8%Fine triple 0.3% 0.8% 0.0% 0.3%Jail term 17.0% 6.1% 15.2% 14.3%Educate and fine 2.7% 5.3% 18.1% 5.9%Fine and jail term 11.4% 21.2% 12.4% 13.7%No punishment 0.5% 0.8% 0.0% 0.5%Fire 6.9% 9.1% 1.0% 6.4%Demote 8.2% 15.2% 12.4% 10.4%Retrieve weapon 8.5% 16.7% 6.7% 9.9%Not sure/Don’t know 23.6% 8.3% 4.8% 17.1%

34. What should be the punishment of a person who borrows a gun from other person to hunt wildlife?

Educate 12.7% 16.7% 16.2% 14.1%Fine 25.7% 29.5% 21.0% 25.7%Fine double 1.9% 3.0% 5.7% 2.8%Educate and fine 4.0% 3.8% 18.1% 6.3%Fine and jail term 13.0% 25.8% 17.1% 16.4%Jail term 16.7% 6.8% 12.4% 13.8%Retrieve weapon 2.1% 3.0% 3.8% 2.6%Fire 0.5% 4.5% 0.0% 1.3%Demote 0.8% 2.3% 0.0% 1.0%Not sure/Don’t know 24.1% 9.1% 7.6% 18.0%No punishment 0.5% 2.3% 1.0% 1.0%Other 0.0% 0.0% 1.0% 0.2%

35. Which government officials have the responsibility to enforce the regulation about

Park ranger 2.4% 3.8% 1.9% 2.6%NPA management 35.7% 30.3% 26.7% 33.0%

98

illegal hunting and wildlife trade?

Mobile patrolling team 1.1% 0.8% 1.0% 1.0%Soldier 1.9% 3.0% 1.9% 2.1%Police 4.8% 3.8% 1.9% 4.1%Forester 5.3% 6.8% 13.3% 7.0%Village authorities 3.4% 4.5% 0.0% 3.1%Myself 0.3% 0.0% 1.0% 0.3%Everyone 48.7% 53.8% 67.6% 53.0%Not sure/Don’t know 10.6% 6.8% 3.8% 8.6%Other 0.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.2%

36. Do you consider your responsibility to report to someone who illegally hunting and trading in the NEPL?

Yes 69.6% 75.0% 81.0% 72.7%Uncertain 7.9% 6.1% 4.8% 7.0%No 22.5% 18.9% 14.3% 20.3%

A. NPA core zone is not a place for ungulates to increase in population.

Agree 24.3% 45.5% 32.4% 30.2%Not agree 38.4% 29.5% 16.2% 32.7%Not sure/Don’t know 37.3% 25.0% 51.4% 37.1%

B. Muntjac and wild pig are important for food for local people


C. Using modern weapons and equipments to hunt should not be punished.


D. Wildlife traders should not be punished. Agree 11.6% 35.6% 16.2% 17.6%Not agree 38.9% 35.6% 13.3% 33.8%Not sure/Don’t know 49.5% 28.8% 70.5% 48.6%

E. Hunters who hunt for trade should not be punished.


F. Infractions of illegal hunting and wildlife trade Agree 15.6% 41.2% 16.2% 21.2%

99

must be posted at the market. Not agree 36.8% 29.0% 13.3% 31.1%Not sure/Don’t know 47.6% 29.8% 70.5% 47.7%

G. Outsiders who come to hunt in your village use area should not be punished.


H. Outsiders who come to collect honey in your village use area should not be punished.


A. Stop selling wildlife.Easy 62.2% 61.4% 54.3% 60.7%Difficult 34.9% 37.9% 41.8% 36.6%Not sure/Don’t know 2.9% 0.8% 4.8% 2.8%

B. Stop buying wildlife.Easy 60.6% 60.3% 57.1% 59.9%Difficult 36.5% 38.2% 39.0% 37.3%Not sure/Don’t know 2.9% 1.5% 3.8% 2.8%

C. Stop using modern weapons and equipments to hunt.

Easy 63.0% 54.5% 61.9% 61.0%Difficult 32.8% 43.2% 34.3% 35.3%Not sure/Don’t know 4.2% 2.3% 3.8% 3.7%

D. Stop going inside the core zone. Easy 63.0% 55.0% 58.1% 60.4%Difficult 33.3% 42.0% 37.1% 35.8%Not sure/Don’t know 3.7% 3.1% 4.8% 3.7%

E. Report someone selling wild meat. Easy 72.8% 66.7% 65.7% 70.2%Difficult 23.0% 31.1% 30.5% 26.0%Not sure/Don’t know 4.2% 2.3% 3.8% 3.7%

F. Report a hunter using modern weapons and equipment to hunt.

Easy 69.0% 64.4% 71.4% 68.5%Difficult 26.2% 34.1% 24.8% 27.6%Not sure/Don’t know 4.8% 1.5% 3.8% 3.9%

G. Report some buying wild meat. Easy 73.0% 70.5% 75.2% 72.8%Difficult 22.2% 28.8% 21.0% 23.4%

100

Not sure/Don’t know 4.8% 0.8% 3.8% 3.7%

101

9.5 PracticeTable 7 in this table shows the percentage of behavior of target audiences. The percentage of the three target audiences in this table states that the behavior of them are low regarding enforcing the laws, reporting illegal hunting and wildlife trade.

Behavior Questions

VariableResponse

Option


Hunters(N =132)


43. In the past 6 months, have you enforced the law regarding the wildlife trade?

Yes 13.8% 31.1% 24.8% 19.3%Uncertain 2.6% 0.0% 5.7% 2.6%No 83.6% 68.9% 69.5% 78.0%

44. In the past 6 months, have you heard of anyone receiving a fine for illegal hunting?

Yes 45.8% 61.4% 72.4% 53.7%Uncertain 2.9% 0.0% 1.9% 2.1%No 51.3% 38.6% 25.7% 44.2%

45. In the past 6 months, have you heard of anyone who stops hunting for trade?

Yes 45.5% 64.4% 61.9% 52.4%Uncertain 3.4% 0.0% 2.9% 2.6%No 51.1% 35.6% 35.2% 45.0%

46. In the past 6 months, have you reported someone who was hunting for trade?

Yes 4.8% 9.1% 18.1% 8.0%Uncertain 2.9% 1.5% 4.8% 2.9%No 92.3% 89.4% 77.1% 89.1%

47. In the past 6 months, have you reported some selling wild meat?

Yes 4.0% 7.6% 15.2% 6.7%Uncertain 2.9% 0.0% 5.7% 2.8%No 93.1% 92.4% 79.0% 90.6%

48. In the last 3 months have heard of anyone hunting wild animals in NEPL for trade?

Yes 6.9% 11.4% 19.0% 9.9%Uncertain 4.2% 0.85 6.7% 3.9%No 88.9% 87.9% 74.3% 86.2%

102


9.6 New threats identifiedSurvey respondents didn’t identified any new direct and indirect threats with an exception it clearly showed that there are three target audiences that need to be focused.9.7 Barriers to behavior changeWe didn’t ask any questions regarding illegal hunters, because it is sensitive and we anticipated that we might not get the true answer from respondents. The price of the bush meat is quite high; this is the key motivation for illegal hunters to hunt illegally.

When asked General villagers “In the past 6 months, have you reported someone who was hunting for trade? In the past 6 months, have you reported some selling wild meat?” (Table 7). Only 4.8% and 4.0% of the respondents that answered they reported to hunting for trade and selling wild meat. These low responses are good for illegal hunters who hunt illegally.

When asked Government officers “In the past 6 months, have you enforced the law regarding the wildlife trade?” (Table 7). Only 24.8% of the respondents answered that they enforced the law regarding the wildlife trade. The ignorance of the peers and soft enforcement of the laws by the government facilitate the illegal hunters.

9.8 Behavior Change ContinuumResearch results indicate that the majority of three audiences (illegal hunters, general villagers and government officers) fall into contemplation stage based on the Behavior Change Continuum for our three behaviors. They all know and understand the threats to ungulates, laws and regulation, the status of the ungulates. The next step is to move them from contemplation stage to next stage.

9.9 Benefits It is quite complicated for the general villagers to see the benefits from reporting illegal hunting and wildlife trade, because their perception is ungulates belong to nobody, they never finish that’s why they just ignore illegal hunters who taking their food from their villages as they look over the free service that they receive from forest. In addition, general villagers don’t they are benefited from reporting illegal hunting and wildlife trade.

Government officers consider wildlife laws, regulations and rules as low priorities. They ignore the illegal hunters and wildlife traders, because they feel they don’t any benefits from enforcing the laws, regulations and rules.

104

9.10 Flagship species

Refer to question number 62 in questionnaire surveys “Which species do you really like and feel proud of?”, the highest percentage of the multiple responses is sambar deer, follows by tiger and guar. Whoever, in reality of people’s perception regarding sambar deer, guar and tiger is not so good, because local villagers has conflicts with these species. Sambar deer and guar cause crop damage and tiger causes livestock depredation. The tiger prey specie which doesn’t cause any problem to local villagers is muntjac and serow.

105

10.0 UNDERSTANDING OUR AUDIENCE Based on the experiences working in this site for four years, the survey we have conducted confirms that we now have a much better idea about their levels of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP), who they trust as information sources and kinds of media they like. All this information will be used to focus our outreach objectives, as well as to determine the messages that we will use. In the survey results from section 8.0, we identified Illegal Hunters as our “Primary Audience” and General Villagers and Government Officers as our “Secondary Audiences”

PRIMARY AUDIENCE – ILLEGAL HUNTERSFISHERMEN

What do we know about this group?

They are men They are farmers Some of them are short of rice for 1 to three monthly every year. They are villagers They rely on wildlife for food. Most of them have modern weapons which are provided by army and police office, but they have limited

bullets. They have access to bullets They hunt and collect Non-Timber Forest Products. They rely on wild meat and fish for the protein. They have been practicing hunting generation to generation. They aware of decreasing of number of ungulates. They are low literacy.

Knowledge74.5% of the respondent thinks there are threats to the ungulates, what do you think are the most important threats to the ungulates? You may give me more than one answer.

Attitude91.7% of survey respondents disagree it is legal for a person to hunt muntjac and wild pig using modern weapons and equipments in the core zone.

106


PracticeThey hunt illegally in both village use area and NPA core zone.

CommentsThey are key factor of decrease in the number of ungulates as they have access to modern weapons which are affected for hunting ungulates.

Trusted sourcesSurvey respondents listed person on radio, person on TV, information in printed regulation booklet, elder, friends and family members, teacher, information on billboard, NPA outreach team, information from public meeting, information from puppet show, singer, information on poster, and information on newsletter (Table 4)

Media sourcesThe survey results in (Table 3) show they like all the media sources that we asked in the table 3.

SECONDARY AUDIENCE: CAMPERS & RECREATIONAL VISITORSGENERAL VILLAGERS


They are villagers They are farmers Some of them are short of rice for 1 to three monthly every year. They hunt and collect Non-Timber Forest Products. They rely on wildlife for food. They have been practicing hunting generation to generation. They aware of decreasing of number of ungulates They are low literacy.



PracticeThey don’t report illegal hunting and wildlife. They collect Non-Timber Forest Products.

CommentsThis audience plays a crucial role to pressure illegal hunters, because they have access to illegal hunting and wildlife trade as they are villagers and they live in the same village with illegal hunters.

107


Media sourcesThe survey results in (Table 3) show they like all the media sources that we asked in the table 3.

SECONDARY AUDIENCE: GOVERNMENT OFFICERS


They serve government They have low salaries They practice agriculture They hunt They buy bush meat Their role is to enforce the laws, regulations and rules. They don’t do their good job



PracticeThey hunt, especially, who have authority to carry weapons and don’t enforce the laws, regulation and rules properly.

CommentsThey play a key role to influence the cost of illegal hunting and wildlife trade high and it is not worth it for illegal hunters and wildlife traders to keep practicing.


Media sources Local TV and radio are media sources to reach this audience.

108

F. Revised Concept Models

With a more in-depth understanding of our project site, its related threats, and key audience segments, we can now dive deeper into the development plan for the Rare Pride campaign. This includes revising the concept model to include any new contributing factors revealed during the questionnaire.

11.0 REVISED CONCEPT MODEL (Showing strategies and new factors)

After conducting considerable qualitative research by holding directed conversations and quantitative audience survey research, the final concept model was modified to accommodate this new information. However, it remains the same on the following points: target species, direct factor, contribute factors and solutions. But we clearly identify target audiences (illegal hunters, general villagers and government officers).

109

G. Campaign Strategy

Based on audience research and the revised concept model, the campaign design team conducted the following steps to develop strategies for reaching key audiences and appropriate messages for those audience segments.

12.0 Barrier Removal Strategy13.0 Complementary partner interventions14.0 Benefit Ladder15.0 SMART Objectives16.0 Marketing Mix17.0 Campaign Messages18.0 Monitoring Plan

112

1 2.0 BARRIER REMOVAL OPERATION’S PLAN

Barrier Removal Operation Plan (BROP)

Rare Nam Et – Phou Louey National Protected Area pride campaignProject Leader: Santi Saypanya

July 12, 2009

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

AcronymsBROP = Barrier Removal Operational PlanDAFO = District Agriculture and Forestry OfficeDCO = District Commerce OfficeDFO = District Financial OfficeDPO = District Police OfficeLao PDR/Laos = Lao People’s Democratic RepublicNEPL = Nam Et – Phou LoueyNPA = National Protected AreaTF = Tiger ForeverWCS = Wildlife Conservation SocietyWCU = Mobile Patrolling Team/Wildlife Crime Unit

PROJECT OBJECTIVES & EXECUTIONGoalThe purpose of this project is to eliminate the illegal hunting threat to five species of ungulates (Guar, Sambar Deer, Serow, Muntjac and Wild Pig) in village use areas and NPA core zone at Viengthong district in the NEPL NPA. The expected results will be the stable growth of ungulates populations, that will be monitor by occupancy monitoring team and to reduces illegal hunting in both village use area and

113


NEPL NPA core zone. This will be monitored by number of infractions regarding illegal hunting of ungulates which will be reported every month by ranger substations and WCU.

Objectives Before September 1, 2009 , the Rare Laos Pride Campaign project plan will be completed and approved by NEPL NPA management and WCS.

(1) by August 2009 the concerned government agencies will assigned their officers who will work with WCU, (2) by December 2009, concerned government agencies will assign people in charge of their organization; (3) by September 2009, the WCU will be reassigned by District Governor, (4) by December 2009, the WCU will carry out law enforcement activities; (5) by December 2009, development and carry out on going informant network; (6) by March 2010, gun license will be completed and distributed to more than 35 village militias and police in Viengthong District and (7) by the end of each quarter a follow up meeting will be held to report progress on the WCU.

Methodology used in BROP Assessment and Proposed Implementation

1. The assignment of officers who will work with WCU by concerned government agenciesAt the BROP Workshop on the 8 July 2009, the NEPL NPA, DPO, DAFO, DFO and DCO had committed to send the name list of officers who will directly work with WCU. Since this workshop the only office who sent the name list to the NEPL NPA was DFO. At the BROP follow-up meeting on the 21 August 2009, all the concerned government agencies have given the name list of their officers who will work with the WCU.

NEPL NPA will take the lead on this process by working closely with the DPO, DAFO, DFO and DCO to compile the name list of the officers who are assigned and process the documentation before presenting it to the District Governor for an official acceptance and signature.

2. The assignment of people to over see and be responsible for the WCU and its government agencies.

WCU Leader Committee1. Mr. Xayasine Xongyongya, Assistant Manager of NEPL NPA, Team Leader2. Mr. Bounton Bounmisay, Deputy Head of DAFO

114

3. Mr. Impon Haimisouk, Deputy Head of DFO4. Mr. Khamla Southida, Deputy Head of DPO5. Mr. Kaepet Ladapon, Acting Head of DCO

WCU Technical Staff1. Mr. Khamvanh Panthavong, DAFO, Team Leader2. Mr. Sitong Vongpothong, NEPL NPA3. Mr. Ponpet Duangsompong, DFO4. Mr. Tongkham Ngiemmaloum, DFO5. Mr. Xiengnom Pongpaserth, DPO6. Mr. Hang Sonkham, DPO7. Mr. Soupansay Ponmixay, DCO8. Mr. Sisavath Lorvongkham, DCO

The officers in the name list above has been given to NEPL NPA on the 21 August 2009. 2009 and the NEPL NPA has compiled in the same day.

The members of WCU need to work hard and closely with two key government clusters, firstly, Local Party Strengthening Team, secondly, village policemen group in 35 target villages. The reason to work closely with these two proposed government clusters is because they have been working and staying closely with local villagers. Therefore they would be able to give better ideas regarding who should members of WCU to work with. Given that develop informant network is challenge for the members of WCU should they find good informant network they would be success in the mobile patrolling and they would not find the risk of inaccurate reporting from bad informant network. The campaign will help to disseminate the information to general people in each community.

3. Reassign WCUThe District Governor has already signed the reassignment for WCU on the 24th September 2009. The endorsement of the district govern is crucial because the WCU will easily carry out the patrolling based on this endorsement.

115

The WCU under the guidance of the district and the NPA will support law enforcement patrols based on the informant networks in 35 villages. This method will strongly depend on the report of the informant network. The WCU will rush to the places where are reported by the informant networks. This method has been shown the successful results based on the report from mobile patrolling team in the fiscal year 2008-09. This method will work well should the WCU have good cooperation with informant networks. The informant networks will be pursuit by offering high incentive based on the district regulation on NEPL NPA management. This incentive will secretly be given to specific informant networks by members of WCU. For general people will receive the information regarding the incentive through the campaign. The campaign will help to disseminate the regulation to general people, this way wildlife offenders will not know who are informant network because everyone in each community will have been receiving the information regarding the incentive. This system is complicated because it means the security of the informant networks. Therefore, government agencies cannot give more details of who will be their informant networks and when they will find and work with them. The proxy indicator of this process might be the record of the reports which will be collected by Mr. Xayasine Xongyongya. The campaign will assist this process by promoting the hot line number for reporting wildlife offenders. The hotline number will be identify when we get it. It is supposed to be done by December 2009. In theory and suggestion from Deputy District Governor during the BROP follow-up meeting on the 21st August 2009 aimed members of WCU to find at least 1 informant network in each village.

4. The development of ongoing informant networkIt was determined at the BROP workshop, that an informant network must be developed by all the members of WCU need to work closely with Local Party Strengthening Team and village policemen group and for general informant network will be carry out through the campaign, the campaign is aim to work closely with Village Group level, Village Authorities and villagers in each target village, the campaign will assistant WCU members to find general informant networks. All the members of the WCU need to find their own informant networks. One member needs to have at least one informant network in each village when the members of the WCU have their own informant network the key issue is to keep top secrete because it means the security of an informant network. On the other hand campaign will assist to find general informant network by disseminating the benefits that people in society will receive if they report to WCU and lead to confiscation venders.

Gun license will be produced and distributed to village militias in every village in Viengthong district. For the village policemen the concern office (Viengthong District Police Office) will work closely with the provincial police office should they are allowed to move on making gun licenses for village policemen. The process of making gun licenses for both village militias and village policemen is not complicated if the provincial level has the same level of understanding with district level. Therefore, the gun licenses for village militias are approved to do. The

116


Let’s discusss what action you can insert into the timeline table for this

same thing the district police office will work closely with provincial level for approval. Based on the discussion with a person in charge of District Army Office, making gun license is depend on the budget, if the District Army Office has enough budget they will able to issue all gun licenses by the end of October 2009.

5. The law enforcementBy September, WCU members will hold an inner meeting to identify the strategies of the WCU and the market price of wildlife traded. So far, government of Laos doesn’t standardize the price of each wildlife species and wildlife parts. This will be based on the outcome of the meeting which will be held in September 2009 by NEPL NPA and concerned government agencies to identify the average price to be the base for WCU officer to implement wildlife law and regulation. The average price of wildlife will be base on the reports of WCU and inputs from government agencies. The trend of the WCU this fiscal year is to focus on reports from the informant network. This is supported by lessons learned from last fiscal year which has shown most of the infractions were from the reports of informant network and not routine patrols. The DPO, DAFO, DFO and DCO will provide officers for WCU when needed, while NEPL will provide transportation and needed equipments for WCU when needed

6. Gun licenseThe GoL Army already has a accepted format of gun license. This action will be moving forward and it is believed to be completed and distributed to village militias by February 2010. The Viengthong District Army will make give special guidance for village headmen on the use of guns, when and how to do patrols before the 26 August 2009. The NEPL NPA will assist in this process by supporting the costs gun licensing including the printing, issuing and dissemination of special guidance on patrolling. This will be monitored by checking the guns while village militias and policemen are patrolling to find out if all the guns has the license attached. The license will identify the model, serial number and type of the guns by ranger substations officers.

District Police Office will response to the NEPL NPA about if gun license for village policemen would allowed to do by September 2009.

7. Quarterly meetingQuarterly meeting need to be carry out, this meeting will follow up all the actions which will be taken by concerned government agencies. But not limited to unexpected meeting whenever an agency recalls for an emergency meeting to improve and develop the WCU.

117


Price or fine? Done


Do you mean the market price or the fines? Done

The NPA and WCU will schedule quarterly follow up meetings to ensure that the WCU is increasing in effectiveness over time and the illegal hunting of ungulates in village use areas and the NPA core zone are decreasing. This will be monitored by comparing the infractions of illegal hunting to ungulates from existing data from MIST team in the NEPL NPA with reports from ranger substation and WCU officers every month. The NPA will take the lead in scheduling these meetings with support from the district governor.

STAKEHOLDERS & ROLESThe Nam Et – Phou Louey National Protected Area will take the lead on the project with human resources support from concerned government agencies and the financial support from WCS.

Key stakeholders engaged in the project or who have some influence over its success include:

Key Stakeholder name Position Role within Project Contact numberBualian Khammuekhoun Viengthong District Deputy

GovernorSupervise, lead, give consultation and oversee conservation activities in Viengthong district

(020) 5038454

Lakone Vonglasy Viengthong District Deputy Governor

Supervise, lead, give consultation and oversee conservation activities in Viengthong district

(020) 6084900

Khamphay Phommison Lieutenant Colonel of Viengthong Distirct Police Office

Assign officers in the organization to District Governor for official assignment, assign an officer in charge, oversee the officers and act as a member of wildlife crime prosecution

(020) 5827902

Yirlee Xongleulee Lieutenant Colonel of Viengthong Distirct Police

Assign officers in the organization to District Governor for official assignment, assign an officer in

(020) 5127226

118


Ok, let’s discuss and insert an action in the table

Office charge, oversee the officers and act as a member of wildlife crime prosecution

Vonkeow Sengsitong Lieutenant Colonel of Viengthong Distirct Army Office

Assign soldiers to work with ranger substation based on the request from the NEPL NPA

Ponkham Sayasith Lieutenant Colonel of 585 Army base

Assign soldiers to work with ranger substation based on the request from the NEPL NPA

Nuansy Phonkhamthong Head of Viengthong Financial Office


(020) 6088334

Bounsak Thinnakone Deputy Head of District Agriculture and Forestry Office


(020) 6593444

Kaephet Ladapon Acting Head of Viengthong Commerce Office


(020) 5180108

Anoudeth Sykhamxay Head of Justice Office Oversee Court and Prosecution offices regarding wildlife crime cases

(064) 810025(020) 6507962

Sonpheng Khammavanh Judge – Court Judge wildlife crime cases (064) 810025(020) 5120657

Khamphet Khounisouk Head of Prosecution Office Prosecute wildlife crime cases to the court (064) 810025Aiyako Kandasak NEPL NPA Manager In charge of the total management work of NEPL

NPA.(064) 810008(020) 5179289

Xayasine Xongyongya NEPL NPA Assistant Manager In charge of all enforcement activities (064) 810008(020) 5882737

119

Venevongphet NEPL NPA – Tiger Project Manager

In charge of the total management work of Tiger Project

(021) 215400(020) 5494875

Chanthavy Vongkhamheng

Egological Monitoring Manager

In charge of monitoring project (021) 215400(020) 6122239

Sithisak Pan-Inhuane Site Coordinator Coordinate total management work of Tiger Project (064) 810008(020) 6630399

Houmphan Phompanya Wildlife Crime Unit Coordinator

Coordinate with WCU activities (064) 810008(020) 5030172

Sythong Vongphothong Wildlife Crime Unit technical Implement Mobile Patrolling Activities (064) 810008(020) 4768277

Forester Wildlife Crime Unit technical Implement Mobile Patrolling Activities (064) 810008Policeman Wildlife Crime Unit technical Implement Mobile Patrolling ActivitiesFinancial Officer Wildlife Crime Unit technical Implement Mobile Patrolling ActivitiesCommercial Officer Wildlife Crime Unit technical Implement Mobile Patrolling Activities

120

RACI Chart

Bual

ian

Kham

mue

khou

n

Lako

ne V

ongl

asy

Kham

phay

Pho

mm

ison

Yirle

e Xo

ngle

ulee

Nua

nsy

Phon

kham

thon

g

Boun

sak

Thin

nako

ne

Kaep

het L

adap

on

Anou

deth

Syk

ham

xay

Sonp

heng

Kha

mm

avan

h

Kham

phet

Kho

uniso

uk

Aiya

ko K

anda

sak

Xaya

sine

Xong

yong

ya

Vene

vong

phet

Sith

isak

Pan-

Inhu

ane

Houm

phan

Pho

mpa

nya

Syth

ong

Vong

phot

hong

Fore

ster

Polic

eman

Fina

ncia

l Offi

cer

Com

mer

cial

Offi

cer

Vonk

eow

Sen

gsito

ng

Ponk

ham

Say

asith

Create agreement between NEPL NPA and concerned enforcement agencies

C C C C C C C C C A,C R C C C

Endorse agreement between NEPLNPA and concerned enforcement agencies

C C I I I I I I I A,I R I I I

Assign officers in charge I I R R R R AAssign officers to work with WCU

R R R R R R R

Create and distribute gun license C C R R I I I I I R,A

R,A

Develop informant network R A R R R R R RAssign soldiers to work with ranger substations

I I C C C C C C R,A

R,A

Identify the price of the wildlife species

A I R R R R R C R I C R R

Create term of reference of WCU I I A A A A A C R I C R R

121

Implement patrolling I I R R R R R C C C A R C C R R R R R RQuarterly meeting A R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R RMake contract between NEPL NPA and District Army Office

I I I C C R A A

What action can you insert for monitoring (see comments in text above)

R – Responsible: Those who do the work or provide the resources to achieve the taskA – Accountable: (Also the Approver) ultimately responsible for the correct and thorough completion of the task. Supervises or signs off on the work done by R.C – Consulted: Those whose opinions are sought for the taskI – Informed: Those who are kept to up-to-date on the progress

The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS): Established in 1895, Headquarters in New York City. WCS is a non-profitable international organization that is dedicated to protecting wild animals and their Habitats. The Wildlife Conservation Society's policy is to support integrated field studies and train local natural protection professionals to protect and manage wildlife’s populations.

Tiger Forever (TF)Tigers Forever is the first initiative of its kind committed to saving the world’s wild tigers. The Goal is to increase tiger populations by 50% in key tiger sites across Asia over the next ten years. These sites have been identified as priority areas for the range-wide recovery of tigers where we can have the greatest short-term and long-term success. Currently, these key sites are located in: Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, Russian Far East and Thailand. As numbers of tigers begin to increase in core areas of these sites, efforts will be focused on larger areas, thus there will be a ripple effect with tigers increasing across Asia. It is not often in the world of conservation that specific targets are set, with numbers put behind goals. The Tigers Forever plan includes several key elements:

← Standardized measurement and monitoring← Threats assessments to identify primary threats to tigers in each site

122

← Prioritized execution of activities to mitigate threats← Regular reviews to rate effectiveness of prioritized activities, and change course if needed to reach our goals

(http://www.tigersforever.org/about.html)

District Agriculture and Forestry Office (DAFO)

DAFO is one Laos governance’s structure, this office is under Provincial Agriculture and Forestry Office (PAFO), Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. The mission of this office is to focus on the management of agriculture, forestry, vet, irrigation, livestock, and plantation in district level in the whole district.

Nam Et – Phou Louey (NEPL) National Protected Area (NPA)The same with NEPL NPA is also under Provincial Agriculture and Forestry Office (PAFO), Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. The mission of the NEPL NPA is to take the lead on NPA management only.

District Commerce Office (DCO)DCO is one Laos governance’s structure, this office is under Provincial Commerce Office (PCO), the Ministry of Finance. This office is to work on commercial management of the whole district.

District Financial Office (DFO) DFO is one Laos governance’s structure, this office is under Provincial Financial Office (PFO), the Ministry of Finance. This office is to work on financial management of the whole district.District Police Office (DPO)DPO is one Laos governance’s structure, this office is under Provincial Police Office (PPO), the Ministry of Interior. This office is to work on security management of the whole district.

123

Project TeamThe Nam Et – Phou Louey National Protected Area will take the lead on the project with human resources support from concerned government agencies and the financial support from WCS

PROJECT TIMELINE

Detailed Barrier Removal Timeline

StepsBarrier Removal Implementation

Sept09

Oct09

Nov09

Dec09

Jan10 Feb10

Mar10

Apr10 May10

Jun10 Jul10 Aug10

Community outreach and increase awareness raising (Pride Campaign)The assignment of officers who will work with WCU by concerned government agenciesThe assignment people in charge in each concerned government agenciesReassign WCUThe development of ongoing informant network. Everyone ofat WCU has been starting seeking for informants to strengthennnetworks since they wrere assigned by the district governor.The law enforcement. WCU will investigatewildlife trade based on the reports from

124


How/when will you be monitoring progress? Done

informant networks and prosecute to the court.Gun license. Viengthong district army and police office will issue gun licenses for village militias and village policemenQuarterly meetingmonitoringCo-ordination amongst BR partners?

Overall project and anti-poaching-related standards and important events

125

COSTS (The funds required are only the initial budget, and the budget standard is USD)

Serial number Project Unit price Quantity Amount

Source of money

available to cover this

1 Mobile Patrolling 5015 times x 12 months=180 times/year

US$9,700.00US$2,500

from Tiger Forever

2 Gun license 2 350 cards US$700.003 Quarterly meeting 350 7 US$2,450.00

total US$12,8150.00

REVENUE SOURCESThe Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) committed to fund 29,700 U.S. dollars (of the funds, the core funds for 20,000 U.S. dollars, the barrier removal funds for US$9,700 U.S. dollars, making gun license for US$700 and barrier removal quarterly meeting for US$2,450). The barrier removal fund will be charged to TF for about US$2,500 U.S. dollars, US$10,350the rest will be fundraising.

126

CASH INFLOW & OUTFLOW

StepsBarrier Removal Implementation

Aug09

Sept09

Oct09

Nov09

Dec09

Jan10

Feb10

Mar10

Apr10

May10

Jun10

Jul10

Aug10

Cash InflowsWildlife Conservation SocietyRareFinancial code from Will BanhamTFCash OutflowsMobile PatrollingGun licenseQuarterly meetingNet Cash BalanceNA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

IMPACT ASSESSMENTAt present time Indochinese tigers at NEPL NPA in Lao PDR are facing with two serious threats which needs to be mitigated without any hesitation. Firstly, is direct killing tigers for trade and secondly, is illegal hunting key prey species of the tigers (Guar, Sambar Deer, Serow, Muntjac and Wild Pig).

Based on the results of the stakeholders meeting we found that the motivation to persuade wildlife traders to keep practicing this illegal activity is they receive high benefits from selling wildlife, but hunters who illegal hunt to sell to traders get little amount of the money. Wildlife traders buy bush meats and wildlife parts from local hunters and them some local traders in NEPL NPA and then the local traders sell to Chinese, Vietnamese and. To reduce the process and break the chain of wildlife trade in the NEPL NPA, we need to work hard on law enforcement which will make the cost of wildlife trade higher than usual, because they need to put more effort and money to proceed in wildlife trade. When they have to spend more money and time to do wildlife trade they would think about


Please fill this in to the best of your ability

the benefits that they would get from the trade, it would be too small and it is not worth it to take the risk of getting caught by WCU. In addition, they will have to think all the time who will report them to WCU given that informant networks will receive high incentive from reporting wildlife offenders to WCU.Other Risk Factors

Risk Factors Consequence Mitigation StrategiesDistrict Structure might be restructured by the end of 2009. Government position might be swiped

New government officers might not aware of the agreements which were made by former officers

Ensure they know if their offices has cooperated with the NPA to enforce the wildlife regulation by holding a meeting and circulate the agreements

Budget might not be enough Given that Tiger Forever allocates US$ 2,500 for the WCU, but the mount that we need is US$ 9,700

Work with Rare to find out if there are source of funding to raise for the short of fund to meet the need.

128


13.1 Audience Persona for Illegal HuntersI am Mr. Mai Phou Louey, I am 35 years old, I have two children.Oh! It is now January; it is time to harvest all the crops. I anticipate my family won’t have enough rice to eat this year, since we converted most of our rice to corn in 2007-08. In additional, the price of corn again low this year. I am planning to build new house like everybody else in our village and I want to buy a tractor for agricultural activities, new cell phone, small generator, rice mill machine, two bicycles for my son and daughter. The reason that I want to buy bicycles for my children, because their school is too far from my village and I don’t have enough money for them to travel by bus (Song Tew) every weekend. My income is lower than one dollar per day. I do serve the district authority as village militia, kind of for fee, I really only get some free rice provided to me by villagers in my village who provide for all militias. When I am on duty, fortunately, my wife, children help each other to save some money by collecting vegetables, bamboo and rattan from the forest. We also grow crops like pumpkin and cassava in our fields to sell for cash. I also hunt and fish for my family, but the numbers of wild animals and fishes are decreasing every day. When I was young I ate big fish and there were many wild animals around my village, which as easy to hunt, but now we eat very small fish and it is hard to find wild animals around my village. I have some livestock (buffalos, cows, pigs and poultry), which I sell to met our family cash needs. But I cannot sell all of them, I have to save adults of livestock and pigs for reproduction, I can sell only young ones to get cash. We use the cash from livestock plus the money that I get from selling corn, but it still is not enough to do meet our family wants.

What can I do to meet what I want? But I know the NEPL NPA ranger substations and Wildlife Crime Unit officers regularly patrol. But wait a minute! As far as I know, not many times is anyone caught for wildlife crimes, the teams are under staffed, and the area is so huge compare to their efforts. In addition, there are some wildlife traders traveling back and forth by my village who come to order wildlife from villagers in my village, even some of these people are my relatives. This might be the best way to earn additional money. I think most of the villagers in my village just ignore what is going on in the wildlife trade, especially, when some people in my village hunt using modern equipments and weapons and hunting for selling. No one reports the people to the concerned officers because they are afraid these people will be upset with them. In fact, they think they might be threatened if they report. Therefore, it is not worth it to report because people who report might not get anything from their report.

I will hunt wild animal for selling by using my government issued gun provided by the district army to earn extra money to meet my wants. If I am lucky every time I hunt I will get more money; I might not have to sell my livestock and pigs. The best place to hunt is in the core zone where there is protection from rangers who are patrolling around every day, not many people access to the core zone, my favorite and best spot for hunting is near the salt lick where wildlife comes every night. I might be found by ranger substation officers, but I can use the excuse that I have lost my livestock and they will likely let me go. In addition, I can tell them I am on duty of patrolling this area, because I am one of the village militias.

I have heard from the outreach team of the NEPL NPA, and some government officers, that a person who reports wildlife crime to concerned officers would get big incentives from fine from officers if our report leads to arresting offenders. But sometime the procedure is too complicated as officers cannot publicize who get incentives and how much they give to the people who report and some people who reported the crimes did

not even get the money. In fact, there are some cases regarding reporting illegal wildlife crime to the concerned officers and there was no action taken to the offenders. Most of the villagers in my village and other villages think natural resources, especially, wild animals belong to no one as I do so if I don’t hunt them other people will hunt them and they will finish. I have also seen a poster about hunting by using traditional equipments in my village use area, but not in NPA core zone is the right thing to do? Hunting by using modern equipments and weapons are prohibited in both NPA core zone and village use area, but who cares some people in my village keep hunting to sell in the illegal wildlife trade, nobody reports them to officers. I won’t lose the opportunity to hunt. I will do it too and do it when there is no moon. It is good time for hunting. This will help me make extra money.

13. 2 Audience Persona for General VillagersI am Mr. Kua Nam Et, I am 45 years old, I have five children.“Oh! It’s now January, time harvest all my agricultural crops.” I anticipate my family won’t have enough rice to eat this year. In 2007 and 2008 we converted our rice paddies to corn as we were promised high prices by the Vietnamese traders. But the 2008-09 price of corn only reached only 500 kip (.06 USD)/ kilogram. The district promised that this new socio economic development would help us reduce our poverty. The Vietnamese traders told our village that the NEPL NPA were killing us indirectly with their conservation practices and we should convert rice and clear cut more forest to plant corn. But in fact we are now worse off than we were prior to planting corn; before at least we had rice to eat. I have been told the pumpkin seed prices this year are stable. I will make a profit from my pumpkins this year. But I don’t have many kilograms of pumpkin’s seeds to sell to the Vietnamese traders who come to buy right at my village. Some of these traders also buy forest products including wildlife.

This dry season I am planning to build a new house like many of my friends in the village. There are so many things I want to buy: tractor to make my agricultural activities easier, new cell phone, small generator for electricity, portable rice mill, a Chinese made motorbike for my first son to study in college in Xieng Khuang province, two bicycles for my son and daughter. My children need bicycles because their school is too far from my village and I don’t have enough money for them to travel by bus (Song Tew) to and from school on the weekends. We also have to provide food for my children who stay at the school dormitory in Vienthong. My wife is not healthy she needs medicines for her treatment.

All of these expenses put strain on my meager income of less than one dollar per day from our crops like pumpkin and cassava in our fields. Fortunately, my wife and children help the family save some money. We do not have to purchase food. We collect vegetables, bamboo, rattan, and small aquatic animals from the forest near our village. My sons and I are able to hunt and fish for meat for my family. But I am worried; the numbers of wild animals and fish are steadily decreasing every time we go out hunting. When I was a young boy I ate big fish, the size of your arm, and there were wild animals all around my village. They were easy to catch and hunt, but now we eat small size of fish, the size of your fingers, and it is hard to find wild animals around my village. I have some livestock (buffalos and cows), pigs and poultry; we can sell them to met some of our cash needs. But I cannot sell them all; we need to keep the adults for breeding to produce offspring. Only selling the young animals and our excess crops like corn, pumpkins and cassava may not be enough.

130

What should I do to get extra money? Last year I earned quite a lot of money from selling rattan, some vine bark, orchids, and bamboo shoots. I think this is only the way I will get more money. I need cash so I must get as much as possible before others; no body owns these resources so I must scramble to get as many as I can. I have to travel very far from my house and stay overnight for several days. There are not many NTFPs left near my village. The only place that I can find NTFPs easily is the NPA core zone, in that area there are not many people go in, because they are afraid they might be found by NPA ranger substation officers. But many groups of villagers from my village and other villages around the core zone go in looking for NTFPs and they don’t get caught because they know the direction the rangers go on patrol. If ranger substation officers go south we go north. Everybody does! Why not me!. The NTFPs are getting harder to find all the time. If all the villagers around the NPA keep harvesting and selling NTFPs, without any management, the NTFPs will finally be gone. I need to fight for these NEFPs and I need to do it very soon. I will persuade my family members and some of my cousins to go together, go inside deep in the forest I think it is good idea to have more people go together to get as many resources as we can.

13. 3 Audience Persona for Government OfficersI am Mr. Son, I am 25 year olds. I have 2 children; I am soldier in Viengthong district army office.It is hard to find wildlife at the market now days because wildlife traders are very careful with selling at the market because they know the Wildlife Crime Unit of the Nam Et – Phou Louey National Protected area might find them. But I can buy wildlife sometimes when wildlife traders come right to my house. My house is at the end of the road and it is easy to sell bush meat. Now the price is very expensive compared with before. But not everyone will be able to afford to buy bush meat. Government officers seem to be able to buy the bush meat. If wildlife traders know government officers are buying wildlife then they will keep coming to sell wildlife to the government officers and others who still buy. I have been hunting for many years, sometimes I buy wildlife but most of the time I hunt by myself and sell wildlife. I know that using modern government issued weapons for hunting is wrong. The regulations for using weapon for hunting exist and I also know the district regulation regarding NEPL NPA Management. It is my responsibility to enforce the regulation, but many government organizations don’t do it, why should I? It is normal for Lao to eat wildlife, I have been eating wildlife since I was born and I have been hunting since I was 15 year old. I have never been told by the government not too, and I have never been warned. Even now the enforcement team patrols, but I just have to be very careful. When I hunt I feel proud and happy, especially when I kill big animals. In addition, many times I get money from sharing bush meat with some other government officers and people near my house. Tonight there is no moon it will be very dark, this is the best time for good hunting, I will have dinner earlier than usual and I persuade three people to go with me, they are my close friends who work for government offices as well. We ride on our motorbikes to Keaw King (NPA corridor zone) after our arrival at the Keaw King, we hide our motorbikes under bushes along the road. We stay in the forest until dark and then we start to hunt and stay in the forest until 3 – 5 o’clock in the morning. This is the good time to return home, because all the officers might have already gone back to sleep. But to make sure if there are not any officers on duty I have one of my friends go back first. He can leave any animals that we killed and his gun back with me. We decide that he will go back home, if he sees officers on duty, we will stay in the forest until next day. If there is no officers on duty he will come back and then we can go back home together. I have been doing this for many years and it is very successful at getting wildlife. I have never been warned or arrested yet. However if I do get arrested it is the big deal for me, because the army will punish me with strong penalties. I might be demoted, fired or have to work without salary. This really does not scare me because only

131

one military officer has been caught to date. If I don’t go hunting all the villagers will go and I will not get the extra income for my family. Soon the wildlife will be gone but I might as well get my share now.

132

14.0 BENEFIT LADDER

Using information gleaned from the quantitative and qualitative surveys undertaken as part of the planning process, we are able to develop benefit ladders for Hunters, General Villagers and Government Officers. These serve to identify core benefits that may activate desired behaviors and to help influence our choice of “positioning“before we begin material development.

133


14.1 Benefit Ladder for illegal hunters

I feel free from worrying about breaking the law or being arrested.

I feel like I am good person in my village because I follow the rules and regulations and status quo of others.

I feel I support and contribute to government policy. I feel I contribute to managing wildlife for myself and

family.

Spend less time for hunting but get more wildlife. Have more time to do other activities to improve

their family economic. No risk of paying fines for illegal activities. Avoid time in jail for illegal activities. Obtain sizeable rewards for reporting illegal

activities.

Have more wildlife in village use area for local consumption. Have warm, happy family because family has more time

together. Devoted work for government at village level. Staying on the right side of the laws, rules and regulations. Government praise for helping the government authorities

implement the government policy.

134

Theme:

Desired Behavior for Hunters: Only hunt muntjac and wild pig in village use area by using traditional equipments for food. Hunting in the

Core Zone eliminated.Report people who violate the hunting and trade rules and regulations at the village, district or provincial

level.

14.2 Benefit Ladder for General Villagers

I feel like I am good person in my village by helping my community.

I feel I support and contribute to government policy

I feel I contribute to managing wildlife for myself and family.

Reporting violations does not cost me anything, if there is a cost the WCU or NPA will reimburse me.

I will get incentives for reporting violations that result in prosecutions.

I will have more wildlife in the village use area to consume.

No risk of paying fines for illegal activities.

Selected to work for government at the village level obtaining government recognition.

Staying on the right side of the laws, rules and regulations.

Avoid time in jail for illegal activities.

135


Theme:

Desired Behavior for General Villagers: General villagers will report all illegal hunting to WCU.Report people who use modern equipments and weapons to hunt in the village use areas.Report people who hunt to supply the illegal trade.Villagers do not enter NPA core zone.

14.3 Benefit Ladder for Government Officers

136

I feel like I am good officer. It doesn’t cost money to report, if it does

they will be reimbursed.

I feel I contribute to save wildlife for myself and family.

I feel I contribute to government policy.

Obtain more money from fines and government incentives.

Promotion to higher government position for compliance and supporting the government policy.

Receive NPA/WCU per diem for patrolling and processing wildlife crime cases.

Receive government praise from higher ranking government officers and villagers for facilitating and assisting in implementing the government policy.


Theme:

Desired Behavior for General Villagers: Government officers will be good role models for villagers by supporting district policy to stop

buying bush meat. Enforce the wildlife regulation regarding the wildlife trade and hunting.

15.0 SMART OBJECTIVES15. 1 SMART Objectives for Illegal Hunters15.1.1 Knowledge Objectives

Over-arching Project Goal & ObjectivesGoal Tiger prey (Guar, Sambar Deer, Serow, Muntjac and Wild Pig) population increase allowing tiger populations to

increaseSMART Objectives By the end of August 2012 the number of prey population will increase from x % to x%. (measured by Occupancy

Monitoring Team)

Need baseline data from monitoring teamSMART Objectives By the end of August 2010 the percentage of the illegal hunters who answer there are many Guar and Sambar deer will

go up by 10 pp(From 6.1% to 16.10% for gaur and: from 34.1%% 44.10 % for Sambar Deer (as measured by Q#24 in pre and post questionnaires survey)

SMART Objectives By the end of August 2010 the percentage of general villagers who answer there are many muntjac and wild pig will have gone up 20pp (From 58.5% to 78.5.0% for muntjac, and from 63.6% to 83.60% for Wild Pig: (as measured by Q#24 in the pre and post questionnaires survey)

Illegal Hunter: KnowledgeSMART Objectives 1 By the end of August 2010, the percentage of illegal hunters who respond that muntjac and wild pig are important food

for people will increase to 25.0% from 12.1% (so an increase 12.9pp). (measured by Q#15)

SMART Objectives 2 By the end of August 2010, the percentage of illegal hunters who say using modern weapons and equipments to hunt is the most important threat to the ungulates will increase to 45.0% from 30.2% (so an increase of 14.8pp). (measured by Q#27A).

137

15.1.2 Attitude & Interpersonal Communication ObjectivesIllegal Hunters: Attitude & Interpersonal Communication

SMART Objectives 1 By the end of August 2010, the percentage of illegal hunters (Village militia and policemen) who haven’t talked to anyone about people being fined for illegal hunting will increase to 57.0% from 47.0% (so a increase of 10pp). (measured by Q#41)

SMART Objectives 2 By the end of August 2010, the percentage of illegal hunters (village militias and policemen) who say that they “Disagree” it is illegal for a person who hunt muntjac and wild pig in their village use area using traditional equipments for food will increase to 85.0% from 72.0% (so an increase of 13pp). (measured Q# 28B)

SMART Objectives 3 By the end of August 2010 the percentage of illegal hunters who say “Disagree” that using modern weapons and equipments to hunt should not be punished will increase to 50.0% from 35.6% (so an increase of 14.4pp). (measured by Q#37C)

SMART Objectives 4 By the end of August 2010 the percentage of illegal hunters who say “Disagree” that outsiders who come to hunt in their village use area should not be punished will increase to 50.0% from 37.4% (so an increase of 12.6pp). (measured by Q#37G)

SMART Objectives 5 By the end of August 2010, the percentage of illegal hunters (village militias and policemen) who agree with the legality of hunting muntjac and wild pig in village use area by using traditional equipment will increase to 85.0% from 62.4%.(so an increase of 23pp) (measured Q# 28B)

SMART Objectives 6 By the end of August 2010, the percentage of illegal hunters who identify the punishment (combination of fine, fine double, fine triple and jail term) of a person who hunts wildlife using modern weapons and equipments will increase to 60% from 49.2%. (so an increase of 10.8pp). (measured by Q#29)

15.2 SMART Objectives for General Villagers15. 2. 1 Knowledge Objectives

General Villagers: KnowledgeSMART Objectives 1 By the end of August 2010, the percentage of general villagers who respond that muntjac and wild pig are important

food for people will increase to 20.0% from 8.8% (so an increase of 11.2pp). (measured by Q#15)

SMART Objectives 2 By the end of August 2010, the percentage of general villagers who say using modern weapons and equipments to hunt is the most important threat to the ungulates will increase to 25.0% from 13.3% (so an increase of 11.7pp). (measured by Q#27A).

138

15.2.2 Attitude & Interpersonal Communication Objectives

General Villagers: Attitude & Interpersonal CommunicationSMART Objectives 1 By the end of August 2010, the percentage of general villagers who say “Easy” to report a illegal hunter using modern

weapons and equipments to hunt will increase to 80% from 69.0% (so an increase of 11pp). (measured by Q#38F).

SMART Objectives 2 By the end of August 2010, the percentage of general villagers who consider their responsibility to report someone who illegally hunting and trading in the will increase to 80% from 69.6% (so an increase of 10.4pp). (measured by Q#36).

SMART Objectives 3 By the end of August 2010, the percentage of general villagers who agree muntjac and wild pig are important food for local people will increase to 55% from 41.5% (so an increase of 13.5pp). (measured by Q#37B).

SMART Objectives 4 By the end of August 2010, the percentage of general villagers who say “Easy” to stop buying wildlife will increase to 75% from 60.6% (so an increase of 14.4pp). (measured by Q#38B)

SMART Objectives 5 By the end of August 2010, the percentage of general villagers who say “Not agree) that using modern weapons and equipments to hunt should not be punished will increase to 50.0% from 37.6% (so an increase of 12.4pp). (measured by Q#37C).

SMART Objectives 6 By the end of August 2010, the percentage of general villagers who say “Not agree) that outsiders who come to hunt in their village area should not be punished will increase to 55.0% from 41.4% (so an increase of 13.6pp). (measured by Q#37G).

SMART Objectives 7 By the end of August 2010, the percentage of general villagers who say “Disagree” it is illegal for a person who hunt muntjac and wild pig in their village use area using traditional equipments for food will increase to 75.0% from 60.1% (so an increase of 14.9pp). (measured Q# 28B)

SMART Objectives 8 By the end of August 2010, the percentage of general villagers who have talked about how to increase muntjac and wild pig population in their village use area will increase to 50.0X% from 37.3% (so an increase of 12.7pp). (measured by Q#41).

140

15. 3 SMART Objectives for Government Officers15. 3. 1 Knowledge Objectives

Government Officers: KnowledgeSMART Objectives 1 By the end of August 2010, the percentage of government officers who respond that muntjac and wild pig are

important food for people will increase to 25.0% from 8.6% (so an increase of 16.4pp). (measured by Q#15)

SMART Objectives 2 By the end of August 2010, the percentage of general villagers who say using modern weapons and equipments to hunt is the most important to the ungulates will increase to 28.0% from 15.1% (so an increase of 12.9pp). (measured by Q#27A).

15.3.2 Attitude & Interpersonal Communication Objectives

Government Officers: Attitude & Interpersonal CommunicationSMART Objectives 1 By the end of August 2010, the percentage of government officers who have talked to anyone about people being fined

of illegal hunting will increase to 35.0% from 25.0% (so an increase of 10pp). (measured by Q#39)

SMART Objectives 2 By the end of August 2010, the percentage of government officers who say “Disagree” it is illegal for a person who hunt muntjac and wild pig in their village use area using traditional equipments for food will increase to 70.0% from 59.0% (so an increase of 11pp). (measured Q# 28B).

SMART Objectives 3 By the end of August 2010, the percentage of government officers who say “Easy” to report someone selling wild meat will increase to 80% from 65.7% (so an increase of 14.3pp). (measured by Q#38E).

SMART Objectives 4 By the end of August 2010, the percentage of government officers who say “Easy” to report an illegal hunter using modern weapons and equipments to hunt will increase to 80% from 69.0% (so an increase of 10.6pp). (measured by Q#38F).

SMART Objectives 5 By the end of August 2010, the percentage of government officers who say “Easy” to report someone buying wild meat will increase to 87% from 75.2% (so an increase of 11.8pp). (measured by Q#38G).

SMART Objectives 6 By the end of August 2010, the percentage of government officers who identify the punishment of a person who borrows a gun from other person to hunt wildlife will increase to 70.0%from 56.2% (so an increase of 13.8pp). (measured by Q#34).

141

16.0 MARKETING MIX

The quantitative and qualitative surveys we conducted in the formative research section of this plan have helped us to understand who the trusted sources are for our audiences, as well as their favored vehicles and channels. With this information, we are able to determine the right marketing mix, using the 5 P’s for Illegal Hunters, General Villagers and Government Officers. This information will be developed further in our Creative Briefvi which will be appended to this document

16.1 Marketing Mix for Illegal HuntersProduct

Report people who violate the hunting and trade rules and regulations at the village, district or provincial level. Only hunt muntjac and wild pig in village use area by using traditional equipments for food. Hunting in the Core Zone eliminated.

Spend less time for hunting but get more wildlife. Have more time to do other activities to improve their family economic. No risk of paying fines for illegal activities. Avoid time in jail for illegal activities. Have more wildlife in village use area for local consumption. Have warm, happy family because family has more time together. Devoted work for government at village level. Staying on the right side of the laws, rules and regulations. Government praise for helping the government authorities implement the government policy. Obtain sizeable rewards for reporting illegal activities.

Price Spend less time for hunting but get more wildlife. Have more time to do other activities to improve their family economic. No risk of paying fines for illegal activities. Avoid time in jail for illegal activities. Obtain sizeable rewards for reporting illegal activities.

Place 35 villages at Viengthong District, in Nam Et – Phou Louey National Protected AreaNEPL NPA.

143


Santi, 10/20/09,

I criticize myself regarding place and positioning.

Promotion Posters, Bill boards, Story books, Village visit with fun activities and games, etc, Meeting, Workshop

Positioning 35 villages at Viengthong District in NEPL NPA.The activities have to be combined with serious actions and fun activities for different

audiences.

16.2 Marketing Mix for General VillagersProduct

General villagers will report all illegal hunting to WCU. Report people who use modern equipments and weapons to hunt in the village use areas. Report people who hunt to supply the illegal trade. Villagers do not enter NPA core zone.

I will get incentives for reporting violations that result in prosecutions. I will have more wildlife in the village use area to consume. No risk of paying fines for illegal activities. Avoid time in jail for illegal activities. Selected to work for government at the village level obtaining government recognition. Staying on the right side of the laws, rules and regulations.

Price I will get incentives for reporting violations that result in prosecutions. No risk of paying fines for illegal activities. Avoid time in jail for illegal activities. Selected to work for government at the village level obtaining government recognition.

Place Viengthong District, Nam Et – Phou Louey National Protected Area35 villages at Viengthong District in NEPL NPA.

Promotion Posters Bill boards Story books

144


Village visit with fun activities and games, etc

Positioning 35 villagesThe activities have to be combined with serious actions and fun activities for different audiences.

16.2 Marketing Mix for Government OfficersProduct

Government officers will be good role models for villagers by supporting district policy to stop buying bush meat. Enforce the wildlife regulation regarding the wildlife trade and hunting.

Obtain more money from fines and government incentives. Promotion to higher government position for compliance and supporting the government policy. Receive NPA/WCU per diem for patrolling and processing wildlife crime cases. Receive government praise from higher ranking government officers and villagers for facilitating and assisting in implementing the

government policy.

Price Obtain more money from fines and government incentives. Promotion to higher government position for compliance and supporting the government policy. Receive NPA/WCU per diem for patrolling and processing wildlife crime cases.

Place Viengthong District, Nam Et – Phou Louey National Protected Area Two Army bases and district cabinet office at Viengthong District in the

Nam Et – Phou Louey National Protected Area.

Promotion Meeting Workshop Events

Positioning Two Army bases, and district cabinet office at Viengthong District in the Nam Et – Phou Louey National Protected Area. The activities have to be combined with serious actions and fun activities for different audiences.

145

17.0 CAMPAIGN MESSAGES17.1 Messaging Strategy

Illegal Hunter Benefits StatementIf I hunt using traditional equipment in the village use area, without using modern equipments and weapons in both village area and NPA core zone.

I will feel free from worry about violating rules, regulations and laws. The reduction in over harvesting will result in increases in ungulate populations further resulting in more wildlife to consume

in the village use area. Dispersing wildlife from the core zone will repopulate the village use areas.

General Villagers Benefits StatementI report all illegal hunting to WCU rather than ignoring it I will begin to be part of the status quo or majority and feel proud to take action.

The government will praise me of reporting the illegal activities, while families taking part in illegal activities will be shamed. Over time the increasing wildlife populations will result in more food available to me and my family in the village managing

the ungulate populations.

Government Officers Benefits StatementI enable and enforce the wildlife and NPA regulation will feel pride in my work.

The district government will recognize these accomplishments resulting in promotions and praise. I feel pride to develop myself by eliminating the previous behavior of ignoring the infractions.

147


17.2 Core Messages and SlogansBased on our messaging strategies, we were able to create core messages that sum up our campaign while making compelling cases for the target audience. With these messages we included potential slogans that help summarize our message in memorable phrases. More slogans will be developed during the creative development phase and tested with key audiences before choosing our final slogan.

Core Messages

No Core MessagesTarget Audiences

Illegal Hunters

General Villagers

Government Officers

1 Village use area is the right place for good hunter hunting for food by using traditional equipments. X X2 Good hunting means right place, right tools and right purpose X X

3 Use modern weapons to hunt is high risk to pay big fine and being caught as you’re watched by your neighbor

X X

4 If you want the money keep the eyes on someone who hunts using weapons X X

5 NPA core zone is not the place for any hunting, while village use area is the place for good hunters who hunt for food by using traditional equipments.

X X

6 Reporting illegal hunting means your food for tomorrow X X

7Enforcing the wildlife and NPA regulation contribute to poverty reduction, because local people will have more wildlife to eat and it will contribute to ecotourism plan of the district which will be a way for local villagers to gain more incomes

X

8

Be a smart person is easy, keep eyes on someone who uses modern weapons to hunt, sell bush meat and hunt in the NPA core zone and report to WCU to take legal action and then you receive big incentive from your report. You’re a good person because you help your community to stop someone who tries to steal your wild animals that you eat every day.

X X

9

Stop using modern weapons will be smart hunter, if you hunt only in village use area for food by using traditional equipments, your neighbor are proud of you and government officers will praise you. You will be free from worry about violating rules, regulations and laws and have more food to eat for long time.

X X X

10 If you don’t want to stay in jail, stop using modern weapons to hunt, if you don’t you will be reported to WCU by your neighbor who are waiting for the big incentive from their report.

X X X

148

Slogan

149

Report wildlife crime is my prideEvery time I find wildlife crime I will report Use right tools hunt wildlife in village use area for foodWant to eat wild meat forever report wildlife crimeWant to hunt keep away the modern weapons, use traditional equipment instead

H. Theory of Change

It is critical to have a clear idea of how our Pride campaign will create lasting change for biodiversity conservation. One way to do this is to create a “Theory of Change”. Throughout the planning process we gathered data to help develop a Theory of Change. We began inserting this into a simple table which will be later used to develop a narrative. Our data helped answer questions like:

Who are the PEOPLE who will be affected by my program?What ACTIONS will my program undertake?In what SETTING will these actions take place?What OUTCOMES will my campaign produce?

The answers to these questions will help determine a framework for behavior change and the greater purpose behind individual activities.

150

19.0 Theory of Change

THEORY OF CHANGE FORMULATarget Audiences: Illegal Hunters (these are the illegal hunters; in the survey they are selected as village militia and village police);

Villagers (these are all local villagers who can help report illegal hunting and include legal hunters; they are the random sample of the survey and selected as everyone who is not a government officer or village militia or village police);

Government Officers (these are about 100 officers who are involved in enforcing the regulations but are often part of the problem, accepting bribes, buying bush meat and trading ammunition; in the survey they are selected for as police, military, NPA rangers, financial officers, agriculture department officers and judiciary)

K + A + IC + BR BC TR CR

151


Illegal hunting (hunting with modern equipment, in the core zone, in other communities’ village use areas or for trade, and hunting illegal species) of tiger prey species is reduced or eliminated

Hunters will only hunt legally (hunt muntjac and wild pig in village use area using traditional equipments for food) and will stop hunting in the core zone, with modern equipment, for trade, and in other people’s village use areas)

Villagers, hunters and government officers report all illegal hunting to WCU.

Government officers will follow and enforce the wildlife regulations (stop buying illegal bush meat, trading ammunition, accepting bribes).

Villagers in each community will put pressure on hunters who hunt illegally (using modern weapons and equipments in village use area and NPA core zone and/or hunting for trade) to stop.

Government officers endorsed by the District Governor (these are about 20 officers) will improve the enforcement system with regards to wildlife trade through closer collaboration, better role division and enforcement procedures.

Hunters and villagers talk to each other about benefits of following regulations for food security and the need and rewards of reporting poachers.

Hunters talk about hunting regulations and penalties and risks of getting caught.

Government officers talk about following and enforcing wildlife crime regulations.

Hunters and villagers feel greater ownership over their natural resources and agree that the hunting regulations are important for ensuring local food security. In particular they agree that hunting for trade is wrong as it robs the local community of their food.

Government officers agree that all forms of illegal hunting and trade are a serious offence and they should be part of the solution rather than the problem.

Hunters and villagers increase their knowledge of hunting regulations and the importance of following them for food security in the local villages.

Hunters, villagers and government officers become aware of the penalties and risks of breaking wildlife regulations.

Hunters, villagers and government officers know the benefits of following wildlife regulations and benefits of reporting people who break the regulations.

19.1 Action Plan for Reaching All Audiences 19.2 Action Plan for Reaching Fishermen 19.3 Action Plan for Reaching Recreational Visitors

152

H. Theory of Change

I. BUDGET & TIMELINE

The budget and timeline are preliminary at this stage of the project plan. A detailed budget for campaign activities will be included in the Campaign Operational Plan which will be filed as an addendum to this document.

20.0 PROJECT TIMELINE & BUDGET

20.1 Project timeline (Gantt)

Outreach Timeline (DRAFT)

Project/Activities Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May JunFact sheet preparationPosters design, production and placementButton preparationSchool song productionCostume productionSchool visitComicPopular songFisheries storyboard prodCommunity visits incl. Serena TheatreSermon sheet Billboards

153

MediaFund raisingKey stakeholder reportingMeeting of Program committee (monthly)Post project questionnaire surveyFinal report and follow up planMtce. RarePlanet

This is a preliminary timeline that includes assumed activities. This will need to be adjusted after Work Plan development which will help determine actual campaign activities to be developed.

154

Detailed Barrier Removal Timeline

Steps

Barrier Removal ImplementationBefore Jan 09

Jan - 09 Feb - 09 Mar - 09 Apr - 09 May - 09 Jun - 09 Post Apr

2010Community outreach and increase awareness (Pride)Purchase snap traps and train fishermenPetition driveEradication permit approved by Ministry of HealthPurchase bait stations and place them on Serena IslandBait stations armed Bait stations checked/rearmed & rodents monitoredFishermen check their boats & install snap trapsAndrea Naturalist Society monitors dove population (bi-annual)

ENDORSEMENT OF THIS PLAN

Draft copies of this plan will be were circulated to Troy Hansel (Pride Campaign Supervisor), Arlyne Johnson (Lead Agency Director), Venevongphet (Tiger Project Manager), Chanthavy Vongkhamheng (Ecological Monitoring Manager) and Nam Et – Phou Louey National Protected Area Management Team. Paul Butler (Pride mentor) through my RarePlanet portal, www.rareplanet.org/serena, in an iterative review process. It was also shared with the stakeholders who attended the initial participatory modeling meeting, as well as with those interviewed during the directed conversations.to Tagree on the project plan because throughout the planning process new ideas and recommendations have been incorporated and revisions made, to the extent that this plan has now been approved by all critical partners including the Chief Forest Officer, REI, members of the Serena Island Advisory Committee and Rare.

The plan will be posted on RarePlanet, which will continue to be used for information sharing and periodic updates.

155

I. Budget & Timeline


Please change to suit your campaign Done

http://www.rareplanet.org/serena

21.0 REFERENCES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Signed by:Santi Saypanya (Joy0

Troy Hansel

Arlyne Johnson

Wil Banham

May 2008October 2009

156


Please insert your signatures here

J. APPENDICES

A. Full Stakeholder Matrix, from Section 2.3

Nam Et – Phou Louey (NEPL) National Protected Area (NPA) Stakeholders Matrix# Participant/Stakeholder Participant name,

position, and contact details

Key Issues Potential Contribution (what

participants bring to the meeting)

Motivation To Attend (what meeting can give

to participant)

Consequences of not inviting

1 Viengthong District Governor

Mrs. Bualian Khammuenkhoun

Knowledge of the site and priority of conservation issue

Supporting the conservation project and political support

To help to find solution about the issue in the site

Loss of potentially important supports

2 Viengthong District Governor

Mr. Lakon Vonglasy Knowledge of the site and priority of conservation issue



Loss of potentially important supports

3 Lieutenant Colonel of Army Camp 585

Phonekham Xayyasit

Knowledge of the site and weapon control


To help to find solution regarding weapon control

Loss of potentially important supports to control the use of automatic weapon

4 Colonel of Viengthong District Army

Vonhkeo Sengsithong





5 Colonel of Viengthong District Police Office

Mr. Khamphai Phommisone





6 Head of Viengthong District Agriculture and Forestry Office

Phimphet Dakhame

Knowledge of the site and forestry and agriculture


To help to find solution by supporting government staff into conservation activities

Loss of potential important supports regarding government officials to work with NEPL NPA staff when needed

7 Teacher Siam Sidavong Knowledge of the site and priority of conservation issue


To help to find solution by taking conservation activities as a priority to the curriculum

Loss of opportunity to disseminate of biodiversity conservation through young generation

8 Head of Information and Culture Office

Pengsy Sornsouphat



To help to find solution by contribution to deliver messages through media

Loss of opportunity to disseminate of biodiversity conservation through this channel

158

9 NEPL NPA Assistant Manager

Xayasine Xongyongya




Loss support in managing the project

10 Market Manager Lonsay Wildlife Trade at the market

Personal interested in conservation

Helps NPA staff to reduce the wildlife trade at the market

Loss support in controlling wildlife trade at the market

11 Bus Association Manager Bus Association Manager

Wildlife Trade at the market


Helps NPA staff to reduce the wildlife trade

Loss support in controlling wildlife trade

12 Trader Tan Wildlife Trade at the market


Helps NPA staff to reduce the wildlife trade

Loss support in controlling wildlife trade

13 Wildlife Trader Phounoulat Wildlife Trade at the market

Why they do wildlife trade

Helps us to inspire the ideas from wildlife traders

Loss of information what they think about wildlife trade

14 NEPL NPA Ranger Thongkham Knowledge of the site and priority of conservation issue

Supporting the current issues happening in the site

Helps to identify the right threats to biodiversity

Loss of real information regarding conservation issues

15 Villager Egological Monitoring Assistant

Sichanh Knowledge of the site and priority of conservation issue

Supporting the current issues happening in the site

Helps to identify the right threats to biodiversity

Loss of real information regarding conservation issues

16 Village Group Authority Singphon Soukluesay

Community leader, Resource use, Knowledge of wildlife trade and hunting in the area; Resource use


Key site information regarding natural resource use

Loss of community supports

17 Woman Union Vonphet Thiphavanh





18 Poverty Reduction Lianphon Inthason Knowledge of the site and priority of conservation issue




19 Health Office Siamkham Knowledge of the site and priority of conservation issue




159

20 Rural Development Office Vonseng Huengpansay





21 Thamla Nue Villager (Lao Loum)

Thongpon Community leader, Resource use, Knowledge of wildlife trade and hunting in the area; Resource use




22 Kon Ngua Villager (Khamu) Phomma Community leader, Resource use, Knowledge of wildlife trade and hunting in the area; Resource use




23 Houy Tuen Villager (Yao) Ousay Community leader, Resource use, Knowledge of wildlife trade and hunting in the area; Resource use




24 Tad Hiem Villager Khamseng Community leader, Resource use, Knowledge of wildlife trade and hunting in the area; Resource use




25 Don Koun Villager Xieng Peng Community leader, Resource use, Knowledge of wildlife trade and hunting in the area; Resource use




26 Long Ngua Pa Villager (Hmong)

Sai Lao Community leader, Resource use, Knowledge of wildlife trade and hunting in the area; Resource use




160

27 Houy Muay Villager (Hmong)

Yir Chong Community leader, Resource use, Knowledge of wildlife trade and hunting in the area; Resource use




28 Vad Villager Boun Louey Community leader, Resource use, Knowledge of wildlife trade and hunting in the area; Resource use




29 Houy Sa Ngon Villager (Hmong)

Ka Pao Community leader, Resource use, Knowledge of wildlife trade and hunting in the area; Resource use




30 Xon Nue Villager (Lao Loum)

Bounson Community leader, Resource use, Knowledge of wildlife trade and hunting in the area; Resource use




31 Xon Tai Villager (Lao Loum)

Tongmai Community leader, Resource use, Knowledge of wildlife trade and hunting in the area; Resource use




32 Muang Per Villager (Lao Loum)

Phontha Community leader, Resource use, Knowledge of wildlife trade and hunting in the area; Resource use




33 Lao Font Office Khamsai Sayvongsa Community leader, Resource use, Knowledge of wildlife trade and hunting in

Community leader, Resource use, Knowledge of wildlife trade and hunting in



161

the area; Resource use the area; Resource use

34 Huapanh Provincial Tourism Authority Office

Huapanh Provincial Tourism Authority Office

Barrier Removal Partner

Eco-tourism Professional interest and share experience and expertise in eco-tourism

Loss of potentially important supports barrier removal

35 ADB - Livestock Project ADB - Livestock Project

Barrier Removal Partner

Scientific in livestock management

Professional interest and share experience and expertise in livestock management in the site

Loss of potentially important supports barrier removal

162

BRAVO data from Section 6.0What: .To reduce the key threats to ungulates spp (Guar, Sambar Deer, Serow, Muntjac and Wild Pig) by illegal hunting with modern weapons we want to increase the enforcement of the existing regulations on wildlife trade in the Viengthong district. As these regulations are enforced by a range of Government Authorities (army, police, court, foresters, financial officers) as well as a the NPA management (mobile patrolling team and rangers teams at 7 substations) we would like to partner with all the authorities in order to raise awareness and ensure compliance to wildlife trade regulations by the officers in these organizations. The current situation is that wildlife crime is not considered a serious offence and the officers are themselves in many instances breaching the regulations. They are often gun holders and as such may be opportunistically hunting themselves or benefitting from wildlife trade through bribes and trade of hunting equipment.The behavior change we are aiming for is therefore for officers from the government authorities to comply and start enforcing the regulations in relation to wildlife trade. In addition we are aiming for local illegal hunters to stop hunting.

We envisage the barriers for the officers to this behavior change to be:- Wildlife crime is not considered a serious offence- Monetary incentives for good enforcement being too low (we estimate that currently and officer involved in prosecuting a wildlife crime that resulted in a 1200USD fine, may only receive a 50 USD reward)- Benefit of accepting bribes (which can be as high as 600 USD) are higher than benefits of enforcement and higher than cost of being caught (though if caught officers risk being fired)- Family ties and hierarchical structure of society

The barriers for the illegal hunters to this behavior change to be:- Local illegal hunters gain high incomes from wildlife trade (estimated cash illegal hunters might get from the trade of wildlife: Sambar Deer = $350, Guar = $700, Serow = $700)- Wildlife traders facilitate illegal hunters by coming to their house to by the wildlife, so the illegal hunters don’t have to risk of being confiscated.- Some government officers facilitate the illegal hunters to trade wildlife.- High motivation by offering high price for the wildlife.

In order to create a partnership between all the regulating government authorities and increase compliance to wildlife trade regulations, as well as reduce the barriers to behavior change to officers we are planning to:

- Hold an initial meeting with representatives from all the authorities of the Viengthong district with 30 – 45 officers to discuss partnership and collaboration (and how incentive mechanism could be improved and cost to breaching regulations increased).

- Facilitate a series of 4 - 3 days workshops for 30 to 45 officers of each regulating authority in the Viengthong district - Through the partnership, facilitate the establishment a list of dedicated officers within each Authority with a specific wildlife crime

mandate.

163

- Through the partnership, facilitate the creation of a new additional post within the Police force to deal with wildlife crime as the police force is currently understaffed

- Create an officer of the year award (1000USD) for exemplary enforcement of wildlife crime regulations (the prize needs to be seeked by us {core fund and find new grant} for the initial years, and then we would be able to take some from the fines for the following year for sustainable)

Another important aspect of ensuring wildlife crime enforcement will be the maintenance of the existing 7 substations and 4 mobile patrol teams. This is because it is important to have people patrolling on the ground and the rangers teams at the substations have so far shown to be integral in their work (i.e. corruption free). The stations also play an important role as they work in close collaboration with the army and so are important points of contact with this target audience. The additional patrols and enforcement on the ground will further increase the cost of hunting to local illegal hunters thus reducing the barriers to behavior change for this target audience.

In order to carry out enforcement more effectively 6furtherrangers substations must be established and placed around Nam Et – Phou Louey (NEPL) National Protected Area (NPA) core zone and mobile patrolling team must be established in key districts. The substations staff will patrol inside given sector inside the NPA core zone, their roles are to help the NPA to reduce poaching and people going inside the NPA core zone illegally. while mobile team will patrolling wildlife trade in towns, transportation routs, restaurants and other suspected places. The mobile teams will reduce the wildlife trade. Similar success has been achieved at Seima Biodiversity Conservation Area by Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) Cambodia program http://www.wcs.org/globalconservation/Asia/Cambodia/seimabiodiversity.

Who:. NEPL NPA and WCS will oversee this substations and mobile teams along with existing 7 substations and 4 mobile teams. Local army bases will support in term of human resources as they will provide solders for each substation, WCS will deliver technical and financial supports and key financial support is from Tiger Forever. The NEPL NPA management and concerned districts authorities are committed supporting the project.

When: Pride Campaign period December 1, 2009 – September, 30, 2010NEPL NPA and WCS will put 6 substations in 6 sectors inside the NPA core zone and establish 1 mobile team to work in concerned districts throughout January to March 2010. It is anticipated that by the end of March 6 substation and 1 mobile team will be put in places. The substation will be remain at the NEPL NPA until 2015, it will depend on the budget, however, the substation bases will be there forever.

How:. Estimated total cost $145,000.00 (see estimated breakdown below)The WCS and NEPL NPA will submit a proposal to Tiger Forever for financial support to establish 6 stations and 1 mobile team (estimated at $145,000.00), wile the local army bases and the NEPL NPA will provide human resources.

164

http://www.wcs.org/globalconservation/Asia/Cambodia/seimabiodiversity

Estimated cost breakdownStation

Description Unit cost#

substation Month Total cost

Operation cost$1,500.0

0 6 12 $108,000.00

Substation base$2,000.0

0 6 1 $12,000.00

Vehicle (motorbike)$1,500.0

0 6 1 $9,000.00Equipment (GPS, digital cameras, camping gears and etc)

$1,000.00 6 1 $6,000.00

subtotal $135,000.00Mobile teamOperation cost $700.00 1 12 $7,000.00

Vehicle (motorbike)$1,500.0

0 2 1 $3,000.00

subtotal$10,000.00

Grand total cost $145,000.00

What: The campaign will aim to reduce illegal hunting of five species of ungulates (Guar, Sambar Deer, Serow, Muntjac and Wild Pig) in 35 village use areas and the national protected area core zone in Viengthong district in Nam Et – Phou Louey National Protected Area. This will be accomplished by strengthening the on going Viengthong Mobile Patrolling Team of Nam Et – Phou Louey (NEPL) National Protected Area (NPA) efforts to carry out anti-poaching activities to reduce illegal hunting that threatens tiger’s prey species (Guar, Sambar Deer, Serow, Muntjac and Wild Pig). The Mobile Patrolling Team/Wildlife Crime Unit (WCU) will be redefined with new assignments by concerned government stakeholders and agencies: NEPL NPA, Financial, Police, Commerce and Agriculture and Forestry Offices, who will send the name lists of their official representatives who will be working with the WCU, under the guidance of the Viengthong District Governor, for legal and official assignment. The WCU will patrol in restaurants, markets, and transportation routes, other reported and suspicious places. To make sure that the WCU get good reports on information leading to confiscations and arrests, the WCU will develop an informant network. The army and police offices are two government agencies who authorize and issue automatic weapons to village militias and police. In order to control weapons in and around the NPA, the WCU will work closely with army and police offices to develop gun license and distribute to village militias and police.

165

Who: Implementing agency: This project's main implementing agency is the NEPL NPA with the cooperation with the District Agriculture and Forestry Office (DAFO), District Police Office (DPO), District Financial Office (DFO) and District Commerce Office (DCO)

When: The main activities: (1) the new relationship between the government agencies will assign their officers to work with WCU by August 2009, (2) the concerned government agencies will assign people in charge of their organization by September 2009; (3) the WCU will be reassigned by District Governor by October 2009; (4) the development of on going informant network will be carried out by December 2009 (5) the law enforcement will be carried out between December 2009 to June 2010; and (6) gun license will complete and distribute by March 2009.

Resources (human and funds): (1) NEPL NPA (n=3 officers) WCU, DPO (n=4 officers), DAFO (n=3 officers), The WCS (n=4 people), DFO (n=3 officers) and DCO (n=3 officers). Most of assigned officers will work closely with WCU and (2) the funds: The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), especially, Tiger Forever (TF) will be responsible for operational (total value of about 2,500 U.S. dollars for mobile patrolling team, the rest 7,200 needs to be fundraise and WCS will be in charge campaign core fund 20,000 dollars). The NEPL NPA, DAFO, DFO and DCO will assume responsibility of all the salaries for all government officers with an exception WCS pays salaries for 4 people and top up for 1 NEPL officer (Mr. Sayasine Xongyongya) who will work with the WCU.Nam Et – Phou Louey (NEPL) National Protected Area (NPA) BRAVO DetailEconomics (1 of 2)

Criteria Explanation Score

Preliminary projected costs

Preparation Phase– Train 6 substations and 3 mobile

teams staff– Operational cost

Implementation Phase– Build 6 substation bases for 6

substations teams– Vehicles for 6 substations and 1

mobile team– Equipments for 6 substations

and 1 mobile team– Conducting patrolling– Operational cost

Monitoring Phase– Transport– Operational cost

Project Oversight Estimated total cost $145,000.00

166

Costs

Predictability of cost burden

1 = Costs are ambiguous and unpredictable; 4 = Costs are predictable and manageablePre-feasibility study determined how many activities are needed, as well as the required quantity of substation bases, equipments, vehicles. The costs are predictable.

4

Average Score 4

167

Nam Et – Phou Louey (NEPL) National Protected Area (NPA) BRAVO DetailEconomics (2 of 2)


Revenues

Description of revenue streams

Fundraising total: $1645,000.00 Sources: Tiger Forever.Earned income total: $ Sources:

Percentage of total cost available

1: 0 – 25% 2: 25 – 50% 3: 50 – 75% 4: 75 – 100% WCS and NEPL NPA will submit the proposal to Tiver Forever for financial support. 2

Likelihood of fundraising success

1 = Very low likelihood of raising the necessary funds; 4 = Likelihood of raising necessary funds almost a certaintyTiger Forever has been supporting existing 7 substations and 3 mobile teams for two years. 6 new proposed stations and 3 mobile teams might or might not be funded.

2

Fundraising timing Normally Tiger Forever approves fundraising by September of each year.

Funding Alignment 1 = Funding timeline is not aligned with project timeline; 4 = Funding timeline is well-aligned with project timelineNot sure.

Sustainable Funding 1 = Unsustainable funding source; 4 = Very sustainable funding sourceYear on year funded by Tiger Forever until 2015. 2

Average Score 2.0

168

Nam Et – Phou Louey (NEPL) National Protected Area (NPA) BRAVO DetailTechnical (1 of 2)


Technology

Attainability & Availability

1 = Technology and/or required assistance needed is unavailable; 4 = Technology is attainable and third-party assistance, if required, is availableWCS, NEPL NPA management and local agencies have enough skills

4

Technology assistance

1 = Technology assistance is required, yet not available; 4 = Technology assistance is significant and availableWCS, NEPL NPA management, local agencies and regional expert are available. 4

Appropriate for circumstances

1 = Available technology is not appropriate for circumstances; 4 = Acquirable technology is suited for circumstancesLead agency partner (WCS), NEPL NPA management, local government agencies and regional expert will train stations and mobile teams to implement activities and using the equipments.

4

Average Score 4

169

Nam Et – Phou Louey (NEPL) National Protected Area (NPA) BRAVO DetailTechnical (2 of 2)


Capacity / O

rganizational Ability

Barrier Removal Partner support

1 = BR Partner does not exist or is not willing to support the project; 4 = There exists a willing Barrier Removal PartnerLocal government authorities (army, police, court, foresters, financial officers) and NEPL NPA management (3 mobile patrolling teams and rangers teams at 7 substations) are very supportive of the establishment of 6 additional substations and mobile teams.

4

Barrier Removal Partner’s ability to drive change

1 = BR Partner lacks a track record of driving behavior; 4 = BR partner has a proven track record of driving behaviorLocal government authorities and NEPL NPA management are keen to support to establish the substations and mobile teams.

4

Budget planning and cost efficient execution

1 = BR Partner has not demonstrated sufficient budget planning skills and cost efficient execution of plans; 4 = BR Partner has proven proficiency in budget planning and cost efficient execution of past plansThe government partners are not good at planning budgets.

1

Average Score 4

Other

Partners

Other critical partners

1 = Other partners do not exist or will not be impactful 4 = Other partners are available and capable of assistanceNot sure.

Average Score 4

170

Nam Et – Phou Louey (NEPL) National Protected Area (NPA) BRAVO DetailCultures/political (1 of 2)


Comm

unity Leadership

Leaders and influencers in the community

1 = Dearth of strong leaders and influencers in the community; 4 = Visible leaders with clout to drive behaviorNational and local government agencies support establishment of the stations and mobile teams 4

Leadership willingness to endorse

1 = Unwilling to get on board with project; 4 = Firm commitment from leadership to help drive change effortsGovernment agencies fully support and read to endorse the activity. 4

Average Score 4

171

Nam Et – Phou Louey (NEPL) National Protected Area (NPA) BRAVO DetailCultures/political (2 of 2)


Political Environment

Current legislative and legal landscape

1 = Legislative and legal restrictions will hamper efforts; 4 = Legislative and legal framework will aid programTo work with army bases and police office 3.5

Ability to drive legislative change

1 = Lack of knowledge regarding political environment and unclear timeframe for advocacy; 4 = Depth of political knowledge and ability to push for appropriate changes within a given timeframeNEPL NPA will be able cooperate with army base and police office

3.5

Average Score 3.5

Values and Norm

s

Assessment of norms

1 = Plan is unconcerned with political and cultural norms 4 = Plan assesses and takes into account the values and norms governing the political and cultural environmentNot sure

Ability to address normative obstacles

1 = Normative obstacles are too formidable to be overcome; 4 = Obstacles are manageable and a clear tack to address them is employed NA

Average Score 4

172

Nam Et – Phou Louey (NEPL) National Protected Area (NPA) BRAVO DetailImpacts and metrics (1 of 2)


Conservation Impact

Likelihood of conservation impact

1 = Conservation impact is unlikely to be achieved; 4 = Conservation impact is very likely to be realizedThe target of increasing ungulate spp (Guar, Sambar Deer, Serow, Muntjac and Wild Pig) to be enough to support local people’s livelihood and tigers is possible once we put substation and mobile teams in places. There are two critical threats to the spp; firstly is poaching with modern weapons and equipments, secondly is wildlife trading.

Poaching by using modern weapons and equipments and trading are critical threats to the spp, wildlife trading lead to over hunting.

3

Impact sustainability

1 = The conservation impact goal is unlikely to be sustained in the long-term; 4 = The impact goal should be viable in the long-termUngulates spp are important for the ecosystem in the NEPL NPA, however, the critical important of the spp are local people livelihood who has limitation of living condition. The goal will be sustainable once the local tenures feel ownership of the spp and it serve high benefits for them

4

Average Score 3.5

173

Nam Et – Phou Louey (NEPL) National Protected Area (NPA) BRAVO DetailImpacts and metrics (2 of 2)


Tipping Points

1st Tipping Point

1 = Tipping point unlikely to be achieved; 4 = Tipping point likely to be reached The first tipping point consists of the fundraising success by September 2009. 4

2nd Tipping Point

1 = Tipping point unlikely to be achieved; 4 = Tipping point likely to be reached District authorities assign people to work with NPA 4

3rd Tipping Point

1 = Tipping point unlikely to be achieved; 4 = Tipping point likely to be reached New reporting system among the partner regarding wildlife reports 3

Average Score 3.66

Metrics

Measurable outcomes

1 = The program lacks clear metrics or are difficult to measure; 4 = The program has established clear, measureable metrics Conservation impact of the campaign is easily measurable. The infractions, ungulate poaching numbers and confiscations are the metrics, while the methodology will consist of the reports of substation and mobile teams every month. Some suggestions:-% of officers who agree that wildlife crime is a serious offence goes up (this could be done through questionnaire) -% of officers who agree with the existing wildlife trade regulations goes up (they agree the law is good)-% of officers who say they know of someone accepting bribes from wildlife traders in the last 3 months goes down.-% of reports of wildlife crime by local government authority officers goes up (I imagine initially it needs to go up) (is there a mechanism for monitoring this? Is there any baseline data?)-% of infractions reported which are prosecuted appropriately in court (is there any baseline data on this?) goes upThreat reduction metrics?-% n of animals confiscated on roadblocks starts to go down (?)Conservation metrics?

3.5

Average Score 3.5

174

C. Full Quantitative Survey from Section 8.0

Nam Et – Phou Louey National Protected Area Pride CampaignBaseline Survey (2009)

Introduction

Hello, my name is ……………………………, and I am working with the Nam Et - Phou Louey (NEPL) National Protected (NPA) We are conducting a survey of people in this area about the natural environment. We would very much appreciate your participation in this survey by answering a few questions about the environment. Whatever information you provide will be kept strictly confidential and your name and answers will not be shown to or shared with any other person except for those people who are working on the survey. Yours answers will help us to plan and implement conservation programs.

Participation in this survey is voluntary and you can choose not to answer any individual question or all of the questions. However, your views are important to us and I hope you will participate. May I begin the interview now?

Respondent agrees to be interviewed (if no, keep tally on separate sheet of paper)[ ] Yes

Section 1Background information filled in prior to the interview without asking the respondent

Interviewer[ ] Joy [ ] Dtae[ ] Bee [ ] Saiphone [ ] Sengpor [ ] Dtouk [ ] Buathong [ ] Sming [ ] Somephet [ ] Singkeo

i

ii (Ref: Margoluis, Richard A.; and Niklaus Salafsky [1998] Measures of Success, Island Press, Washington DC).

iii Full composite portrait built from these conversations and the results of the questionnaire survey described in sections 7.0 and 8.0 are available upon request.iv Full composite portrait built from these conversations and the results of the questionnaire survey described in sections 7.0 and 8.0 are available upon request.vFull composite portrait built from these conversations and the results of the questionnaire survey described in sections 7.0 and 8.0 are available upon request.

vi

175

Supervisor[ ] Troy Hansel

Village[ ] Viengthong [ ] Poung Hai [ ] Kaw Kiang [ ] Tan Hiang [ ] Na Vieng [ ] Na Twoun [ ] Phou Vieng [ ] Thad Hiam [ ] Muang Hiam [ ] Som Phan Thong [ ] Na Phone [ ] Phiang Done [ ] Nam Sat [ ] Phone Saad [ ] Nam Phoung [ ] Sa Kok [ ] Don Khoun [ ] Long Ngua Ba [ ] Nam Neurn [ ] Buam Fat [ ] Houay Duen [ ] District Army Camp[ ] 585 Army camp [ ] Police office[ ] Phone Song

Date________________

Survey period[ ] Baseline - campaign area (Viengthong) [ ] Baseline - comparison (Viengkham) [ ] Post-campaign - campaign area (Viengthong) [ ] Post-campaign - comparison (Viengkham)

Rural/Urban/Suburban or mixed residence[ ] Urban [ ] Rural [ ] Suburban or mixed residence

Gender of respondent[ ] Female [ ] Male

Section 2Socioeconomic and Demographic Questions

"To begin I would like to ask you some questions about yourself"

1. What ethnic language do you speak?[ ] Hmong [ ] Khamu [ ] Lao Loum [ ] Mian [ ] Other ________________

2. If you belong to a religion, please tell me which religion. If you do not belong to a religion, please say "none."[ ] Buddhism [ ] Ghost [ ] Refused to answer [ ] Hindu [ ] Muslim [ ] Catholic [ ] Protestant [ ] Jewish [ ] None [ ] Local/Traditional [ ] Not sure/Don't know [ ] Other ________________

176

3. If you belong to an ethnic group (or tribe), please tell me which ethnic group (or tribe) you belong to. If you do not belong to an ethnic group (or tribe), please say "none."

[ ] Hmong [ ] Khamu [ ] Lao Loum [ ] Mian [ ] Other ________________

4. How old were you at your last birthday?[ ] 15 to 19 [ ] 20 to 24 [ ] 25 to 29 [ ] 30 to 34 [ ] 35 to 39 [ ] 40 to 44 [ ] 45 to 49 [ ] 50 to 54 [ ] 55

5. What domestic meat do you prefer eating?

[ ] Chicken [ ] Duck [ ] Pork[ ] Dog [ ] Beef[ ] Goat [ ] Fish [ ] Goose [ ] Pigeon [ ] Patridge [ ] Other ________________

6. What wild meat do you prefer eating?

[ ] Muntjac [ ] Wild pig [ ] East Asiatic porcupine [ ] Bush-tailed porcupine [ ] Birds [ ] Squirrels [ ] Rats [ ] Bamboo rats[ ] Macaque [ ] Snakes [ ] Pangolin [ ] Monitor Lizard [ ] Frog [ ] Fish [ ] Turtle/Turtoise [ ] Sambar deer [ ] Civet[ ] Rabbit [ ] Green peafowl [ ] Owl [ ] Woodpecker [ ] Parrot [ ] Sun bear [ ] Asiatic Black bear [ ] Elephant [ ] All

animals [ ] Don't eat [ ] Mongoose [ ] Other ________________

7. Do you have children?[ ] Yes [ ] No

8. How many people live in your household?[ ] 1 [ ] 2 [ ] 3 [ ] 4 [ ] 5 [ ] 6 [ ] 7 [ ] 8 [ ] 9 [ ] 10 [ ] > 10

9. Which of the following best describes your recent main activity?[ ] Working for wages [ ] Trader/Businessmen [ ] Farmer [ ] Retired [ ] Soldier [ ] Police [ ] Financial official [ ] Forester

[ ] NPA [ ] Housewife [ ] Student [ ] Teacher [ ] Lawyer [ ] Park ranger [ ] Mobile patrolling team [ ] Other government officer[ ] Not sure/Don't know [ ] Other ________________

10. What additional activities do you do?

177

[ ] Village militia [ ] Village police [ ] Village headman [ ] A member of Youth [ ] A member of Women Union [ ] Soldier[ ] Police [ ] Financial officer [ ] Forester [ ] A member of negotiation unit [ ] A member of Conservation unit [ ] Village

volunteer for first aid [ ] Elder [ ] Don't have additional activity [ ] Not sure/Don't know [ ] Other ________________

Section 3Trusted Sources of Information & Media Access/Exposure

11. People hear information about the environment from many different sources. I am going to read you a list of sources from which you might hear information about the wildlife management, and I would like you to tell me whether you would find out that source “most trustworthy, very trustworthy, somewhat trustworthy, or not trustworthy.”.

A. A person on radio[ ] Most trustworthy [ ] Somewhat trustworthy [ ] Not trustworthy [ ] Not sure/Don't know

B. A person on television[ ] Most trustworthy [ ] Somewhat trustworthy [ ] Not trustworthy [ ] Not sure/Don't know

C. Information in printed regulation booklet[ ] Most trustworthy [ ] Somewhat trustworthy [ ] Not trustworthy [ ] Not sure/Don't know

D. Elder[ ] Most trustworthy [ ] Somewhat trustworthy [ ] Not trustworthy [ ] Not sure/Don't know

E. Friends and family members[ ] Most trustworthy [ ] Somewhat trustworthy [ ] Not trustworthy [ ] Not sure/Don't know

F. Teacher[ ] Most trustworthy [ ] Somewhat trustworthy [ ] Not trustworthy [ ] Not sure/Don't know

G. Information on billboard[ ] Most trustworthy [ ] Somewhat trustworthy [ ] Not trustworthy [ ] Not sure/Don't know

H. NPA outreach team

178

[ ] Most trustworthy [ ] Somewhat trustworthy [ ] Not trustworthy [ ] Not sure/Don't know

I. Information from public meeting[ ] Most trustworthy [ ] Somewhat trustworthy [ ] Not trustworthy [ ] Not sure/Don't know

J. Information from puppet show[ ] Most trustworthy [ ] Somewhat trustworthy [ ] Not trustworthy [ ] Not sure/Don't know

K. Singer[ ] Most trustworthy [ ] Somewhat trustworthy [ ] Not trustworthy [ ] Not sure/Don't know

L. Information on poster[ ] Most trustworthy [ ] Somewhat trustworthy [ ] Not trustworthy [ ] Not sure/Don't know

M. Information on newsletter[ ] Most trustworthy [ ] Somewhat trustworthy [ ] Not trustworthy [ ] Not sure/Don't know

(A). Is there any other person you would trust if they told you something about the wildlife management? Who would that be?________________

12. When you what Viengthong TV station during the week, Monday to Friday, what are the most likely times for you to watch TV. Please indicate up to 2 times during the day when you are most likely to watch?[ ] Before 6:00 AM [ ] 6:01 AM to 10:00 AM [ ] 10:01 AM to 2:00 PM [ ] 2:01 PM to 6:00 PM [ ] 6:01 PM to 10:00 PM [ ] After 10 PM [ ] No particular time [ ] Off and on all day [ ] Not sure/Don't know [ ] Don't watch

(A). When you watch Viengthong TV station during the weekend, Saturday and Sunday, what are the most likely times for you to watch the TV? Please indicate up to 3 times during the day when you likely to watch.

[ ] Before 6:00 AM [ ] 6:01 AM to 10:00 AM [ ] 10:01 AM to 2:00 PM [ ] 2:01 PM to 6:00 PM [ ] 6:01 PM to 10:00 PM [ ] After 10 PM [ ] No particular time [ ] Off and on all day [ ] Not sure/Don't know [ ] Don't watch

13. I am going to list some different types of songs, I would like you to tell me how much you like each song?

179

Mor Lum (Local music)[ ] Like it the most [ ] Like it a lot [ ] Like it a little [ ] Like not like it [ ] Not sure/Don't know

Hmong song[ ] Like it the most [ ] Like it a lot [ ] Like it a little [ ] Like not like it [ ] Not sure/Don't know

Khamu song[ ] Like it the most [ ] Like it a lot [ ] Like it a little [ ] Like not like it [ ] Not sure/Don't know

Kap Sam Neua[ ] Like it the most [ ] Like it a lot [ ] Like it a little [ ] Like not like it [ ] Not sure/Don't know

14. I am going to list some different types of media programs, I would like you to tell me how much you like each program type. Do you like it the most, like a lot, like it little, or not like it?

News[ ] Like it the most [ ] Like it a lot [ ] Like it a little [ ] Like not like it [ ] Not sure/Don't know

Role-play[ ] Like it the most [ ] Like it a lot [ ] Like it a little [ ] Like not like it [ ] Not sure/Don't know

Sport news[ ] Like it the most [ ] Like it a lot [ ] Like it a little [ ] Like not like it [ ] Not sure/Don't know

Talkshow[ ] Like it the most [ ] Like it a lot [ ] Like it a little [ ] Like not like it [ ] Not sure/Don't know

Section 5Establish Baselines for and Measure Change in Knowledge SMART Objectives

15. Why do you think ungulates (Guar, Sambar deer, Serow, Muntjac and Wild pig) are important to you?

180

[ ] Food for people [ ] Beautiful animals [ ] Worthy property [ ] Keep for watching [ ] For trade [ ] Benefits from tourism [ ] For medicine [ ] Not sure/Don't know [ ] No benefit [ ] Other ________________

16. How often do you and your family eat muntjac and wild pig?[ ] Don't eat [ ] 1 to 3 times/week [ ] 4 to 6 times/week [ ] 7 times/week [ ] A few times/month[ ] A few times/year [ ] Not sure/Don't know

17. How often did use to eat muntjac and wild pig when you were twenty years old?[ ] Don't eat [ ] 1 to 3 times/week [ ] 4 to 6 times/week [ ] 7 times/week [ ] A few times/month[ ] A few times/year [ ] Not sure/Don't know

18. What is the reason people in you community hunt muntjac and wild pig?[ ] For food [ ] For trade [ ] For medicine [ ] For souvenir [ ] Not sure/Don't know

19. What method do they use to hunt?[ ] String snare[ ] Wire snare [ ] Gun [ ] Spear trap [ ] Matel claw trap [ ] Poison cross bow [ ] Traditional trapping tools [ ] Not sure/Don't know [ ] Other ________________

20. If you want to borrow a gun, who do you get it from?[ ] Village militia [ ] Village police [ ] Soldier [ ] Police [ ] Retired [ ] War veteran [ ] Not sure/Don't know [ ] Other ________________

21. Do you know of anyone who borrows a gun from authorized gun carrier to hunt wildlife?[ ] Yes [ ] Uncertain [ ] No

22. How it is easy to find ammunition?[ ] Easy [ ] Difficult [ ] Not sure/Don't know

23. If someone wants to get ammunition, who do they get it from?[ ] Village militia [ ] Village police [ ] Soldier [ ] Police [ ] Retired [ ] War veteran [ ] Not sure/Don't know [ ] Vietnamese/Chinese traders [ ] Other ________________

24. Do you think how many ungulates (Guar, Sambar deer, Serow, Muntjac and Wild pig) are there in your village use area?

181

Guar[ ] Many [ ] Some [ ] Very few [ ] No ungulate [ ] Not sure/Don't know

Sambar deer[ ] Many [ ] Some [ ] Very few [ ] No ungulate [ ] Not sure/Don't know

Serow[ ] Many [ ] Some [ ] Very few [ ] No ungulate [ ] Not sure/Don't know

Muntjac[ ] Many [ ] Some [ ] Very few [ ] No ungulate [ ] Not sure/Don't know

Wild pig[ ] Many [ ] Some [ ] Very few [ ] No ungulate [ ] Not sure/Don't know

25. Within the next 5 years do you think any of the following five species (Guar, Sambar, Serow, Muntjac and Wild pig) are in danger of disappearing forever from NEPL NPAS?[ ] Yes [ ] Uncertain [ ] No

26. If yes which ones?[ ] Guar [ ] Sambar deer [ ] Serow [ ] Muntjac [ ] Wild pig

27. Do you think are there any threats that might cause all of the ungulates (Guar, Sambar deer, Serow, Muntjac and Wild pig) in NEPL to die out? If yes ask (A)[ ] Yes [ ] Uncertain [ ] No

(A) If do you think there are threats to the ungulates, what do you think are the most important threats to the ungulates? You may give me more than one answer.[ ] Because hunters use modern weapons and equipment to hunt [ ] Habitat loss [ ] Diseases [ ] Over hunting [ ] Wildlife trade [ ] Believe there is a threat but not sure what [ ] Because people hunt in the core zone [ ] Not sure/Don't know [ ] Other ________________

Section 6

182

Establish Baselines for and Measure Change in Attitude SMART Objectives

28. I am going to read you a series of statement of laws and regulation regarding NPA management and I would like you to tell me to tell me if you think that they are true or false.

A. If all guar, sambar deer, serow, muntjac and wild pig in NEPL NPA disappeared you would not care[ ] Agree [ ] Neutral [ ] Not agree

B. It is illegal for a person who hunt muntjac and wild pig in their village use area using traditional equipments (allowed equipments) for food.[ ] Agree [ ] Neutral [ ] Not agree

C. It is legal for a person to hunt muntjac and wild pig using traditional equipments (allowed equipments) in the core zone.[ ] Agree [ ] Neutral [ ] Not agree

D. It is legal for a person to hunt muntjac and wild pig using modern weapons and equipments in the core zone.[ ] Agree [ ] Neutral [ ] Not agree

E. It is legal for a person from your village to hunt muntjac and wild pig using modern weapons and equipments in your village use area.[ ] Agree [ ] Neutral [ ] Not agree

F. It is legal for a person to hunt guar, sambar deer and serow.[ ] Agree [ ] Neutral [ ] Not agree

G. It is illegal for a person who hunt muntjac and wild pig in their village use area using traditional equipments (allowed equipments) for food.[ ] Agree [ ] Neutral [ ] Not agree

H. It is legal for a person to sell bush meat.[ ] Agree [ ] Neutral [ ] Not agree

I. It is legal for a person to buy bush meat.[ ] Agree [ ] Neutral [ ] Not agree

J. Wildlife trade must be stopped.

183

[ ] Agree [ ] Neutral [ ] Not agree

29. What should the punishment of a person who hunts wildlife using modern weapons and equipments be?[ ] Educate [ ] Fine [ ] Fine double [ ] Fine triple [ ] Jail term [ ] Educate and fine [ ] Fine and jail term [ ] No punishment [ ] Fired

[ ] Demote [ ] Retrieve weapon [ ] Not sure/Don't know [ ] To execute

30. What should the punishment of a person who trades in bush meat first time be?[ ] Educate [ ] Fine [ ] Fine double [ ] Fine triple [ ] Educate and fine [ ] Fine and jail term [ ] Jail term [ ] Not sure/Don't know [ ] No punishment [ ] To execute

31. What should the punishment of a person who trades in the bush meat second times be?[ ] Educate [ ] Fine [ ] Fine double [ ] Fine triple [ ] Educate and fine [ ] Fine and jail term [ ] Jail term [ ] Not sure/Don't know [ ] No punishment [ ] To execute

32. What should the punishment of a person who trades in the bush meat more than two times be?[ ] Educate [ ] Fine [ ] Fine double [ ] Fine triple [ ] Educate and fine [ ] Fine and jail term [ ] Jail term [ ] Not sure/Don't know [ ] No punishment [ ] To execute

33. What should be the punishment of a person who lends their gun to other person to hunt wildlife?[ ] Educate [ ] Fine [ ] Fine double [ ] Fine triple [ ] Jail term [ ] Educate and fine [ ] Fine and jail term [ ] No punishment [ ] Fired

[ ] Demote [ ] Retrieve weapon [ ] Not sure/Don't know [ ] To execute

34. What should be the punishment of a person who borrows a gun from other person to hunt wildlife?[ ] Educate [ ] Fine [ ] Fine double [ ] Fine triple [ ] Educate and fine [ ] Fine and jail term [ ] Jail term [ ] Retrieve weapon [ ] Fired

[ ] Demote [ ] Not sure/Don't know [ ] No punishment [ ] To execute

35. Which government officials have the responsibility to enforce the regulation about illegal hunting and wildlife trade?[ ] Park ranger [ ] NPA management [ ] Mobile patrolling team [ ] Soldier [ ] Police [ ] Financial officer [ ] Lawyer [ ] Forester

[ ] Villager authorities [ ] Myself [ ] Everyone [ ] Not sure/Don't know

36. Do you consider your responsibility to report to someone who illegally hunting and trading in the NEPL?[ ] Yes [ ] Uncertain [ ] No

184

37. I am going to read you a series of statement and I would like you to tell me weather you "strongly agree, agree, are neutral or disagree or strongly disgree" with each statement.

A. NPA core zone is not a place for ungulates to increase in population.[ ] Agree [ ] Not agree [ ] Not sure/Don't know

B. Muntjac and wild pig are important for food for local people.[ ] Agree [ ] Not agree [ ] Not sure/Don't know

C. Using modern weapons and equipments to hunt should not be punished.[ ] Agree [ ] Not agree [ ] Not sure/Don't know

D. Wildlife traders should not be punished.[ ] Agree [ ] Not agree [ ] Not sure/Don't know

E. Hunters who hunt for trade should not be punished.[ ] Agree [ ] Not agree [ ] Not sure/Don't know

F. Infractions of illegal hunting and wildlife trade must be posted at the market.[ ] Agree [ ] Not agree [ ] Not sure/Don't know

G. Outsiders who come to hunt in your village use area should not be punished.[ ] Agree [ ] Not agree [ ] Not sure/Don't know

H. Outsiders who come to collect honey in your village use area should not be punished.[ ] Agree [ ] Not agree [ ] Not sure/Don't know

38. I am going to read you a number of activities, and I would like you to tell me whether you would find it easy or difficulty for you to do that activities.

A. Stop selling wildlife.[ ] Easy [ ] Difficult [ ] Not sure/Don't know

185

B. Stop buying wildlife.[ ] Easy [ ] Difficult [ ] Not sure/Don't know

C. Stop using modern weapons and equipments to hunt.[ ] Easy [ ] Difficult [ ] Not sure/Don't know

D. Stop going inside the core zone.[ ] Easy [ ] Difficult [ ] Not sure/Don't know

E. Report someone selling wild meat.[ ] Easy [ ] Difficult [ ] Not sure/Don't know

F. Report a hunter using modern weapons and equipment to hunt.[ ] Easy [ ] Difficult [ ] Not sure/Don't know

G. Report some buying wild meat.[ ] Easy [ ] Difficult [ ] Not sure/Don't know

186

Section 7Establish Baselines for and Measure Change in Interpersonal Communication SMART Objectives

39. In the past 6 months, have you talked to anyone about wildlife trade? If you have, please tell me all of the people with whom you have talked to about this.[ ] Haven't talked to anyone [ ] Talked to friends - Neighbor [ ] Talked to parents [ ] Talked to family member [ ] Talked to elder/village authorities [ ] Talked government officers [ ] Talked to park ranger [ ] Talked to forester [ ] Talked to lawyer [ ] Talked restaurant owner [ ] Talked to WCS staff[ ] Talked to shop owner [ ] Talked village militia [ ] Talked to village police [ ] Talked to villager [ ] Not sure/Don't know [ ] Other ________________

40. In the past 6 months, have you talked to anyone about report illegal hunting? If you have, please tell me all of the people with whom you have talked to about this.[ ] Haven't talked to anyone [ ] Talked to friends - Neighbor [ ] Talked to parents [ ] Talked to family member [ ] Talked to elder/village authorities [ ] Talked government officers [ ] Talked to park ranger [ ] Talked to forester [ ] Talked to lawyer [ ] Talked restaurant owner [ ] Talked to WCS staff[ ] Talked to shop owner [ ] Talked village militia [ ] Talked to village police [ ] Talked to villager [ ] Not sure/Don't know [ ] Other ________________

41. In the past 6 months, have you talked to anyone about how to increase muntjac and wild pig populations in your village use area? If you have, please tell me all of the people with whom you have talked to about this.[ ] Haven't talked to anyone [ ] Talked to friends - Neighbor [ ] Talked to parents [ ] Talked to family member [ ] Talked to elder/village authorities [ ] Talked government officers [ ] Talked to park ranger [ ] Talked to forester [ ] Talked to lawyer [ ] Talked restaurant owner [ ] Talked to WCS staff[ ] Talked to shop owner [ ] Talked village militia [ ] Talked to village police [ ] Talked to villager [ ] Not sure/Don't know [ ] Other ________________

42. In the past 6 months, have you talked to anyone about people being fined for illegal hunting in your village? If you have, please tell me all of the people with whom you have talked to about this.[ ] Haven't talked to anyone [ ] Talked to friends - Neighbor [ ] Talked to parents [ ] Talked to family member [ ] Talked to elder/village authorities [ ] Talked government officers [ ] Talked to park ranger [ ] Talked to forester [ ] Talked to lawyer [ ] Talked restaurant owner [ ] Talked to WCS staff[ ] Talked to shop owner [ ] Talked village militia [ ] Talked to village police [ ] Talked to villager [ ] Not sure/Don't know [ ] Other ________________

187

Section 8Establish Baselines for and Measure Change in Behavior SMART Objectives

43. In the past 6 months, have you enforced the law regarding the wildlife trade?[ ] Yes [ ] Uncertain [ ] No

44. In the past 6 months, have you heard of anyone receiving a fine for illegal hunting?[ ] Yes [ ] Uncertain [ ] No

45. In the past 6 months, have you heard of anyone who stop hunting for trade?[ ] Yes [ ] Uncertain [ ] No

46. In the past 6 months, have you reported someone who was hunting for trade?[ ] Yes [ ] Uncertain [ ] No

47. In the past 6 months, have you reported some selling wild meat?[ ] Yes [ ] Uncertain [ ] No

48. In the last 3 months have heard of anyone hunting wild animals in NEPL for trade? [ ] Yes [ ] Uncertain [ ] No

Section 9Understand Barriers to & Benefits of Behavior Change

49. What benefits might there be to keep away people into the core zone of the NEPL NPA?________________

50. If the wild regulations are enforced and people are stop from hunting with modern gun, what benefits you would get.________________

51. What barriers/problems might there be to keep people out of the core zone of the NEPL NPA?________________

188

52. Thinking about hunters in NEPL, what do you think are the reasons that they don't stop selling wildlife?________________

53. Thinking about the government officers, what do you think are the reasons that they don't enforce the law properly?________________

54. Thinking about the wildlife traders, what do you think are the reasons that they don't stop selling in wildlife?________________

55. Thinking about muntjac and wild pig, what do you think are the benefits that you get from having a village use area nears the NPA core zone?________________

56. Thinking about villagers, what do you think are some of the difficulties that they might encounter to report someone who illegally hunts for trade in the NPA?________________

57. What are the issues about the management of hunting in your village use area?________________

58. Do you think the incentives for people to report wildlife crime are working?[ ] Yes [ ] Uncertain [ ] No

(A) If not, why?________________

59. Do you think the incentives for government officials to enforce the law are working?[ ] Yes [ ] Uncertain [ ] No

(A) If not, why?________________

189

Section 10Exposure to Campaign Activities & Messages

60. I am going to ask you about a number of ways in which you may or may not have seen or heard about law enforcement, wildlife trade and hunting for trade. For each method, I would like you to tell me whether you remember seeing or hearing that source in the past 6 months.

A. Seen a billboard about stopping wildlife trade.[ ] Yes [ ] Uncertain [ ] No

B. Seen a poster about stopping illegal hunting ungulates in the NEPL.[ ] Yes [ ] Uncertain [ ] No

C. Heard an advertising "Spot" on public address system about stopping illegal hunting ungulates in NEPL.[ ] Yes [ ] Uncertain [ ] No

D. Seen an advertising on Viengthong TV about illegal hunting ungulates in NEPL.[ ] Yes [ ] Uncertain [ ] No

E. Heard a song about ungulates.[ ] Yes [ ] Uncertain [ ] No

F. Seen outreach activities in village about illegal hunting ungulates in NEPL.[ ] Yes [ ] Uncertain [ ] No

G. Participated the meeting about illegal hunting ungulates in NEPL.[ ] Yes [ ] Uncertain [ ] No

61. Have you heard of government officers doing a good job in enforcing the NPA regulation, wildlife and forestry laws and other related laws?[ ] Yes [ ] Uncertain [ ] No

190

62. Which species do you really like and feel proud of?[ ] Tiger [ ] Leopard [ ] Guar [ ] Sambar Deer [ ] Serow [ ] Muntjac [ ] Wild pig [ ] Golden cat [ ] Gibbon [ ] Jungle fowl [ ] Silver pheasant [ ] Clouded leopard [ ] Rufous necked-horn bill [ ] Sun bear [ ] Asiatic black bear [ ] Elephant [ ] Green peafowl [ ] All animals [ ] Rabbit [ ] Macaque [ ] Woodpecker [ ] Parrot [ ] Pangolin [ ] Monitor Lizard [ ] Birds [ ] Dove [ ] Civet [ ] Dole[ ] Softshell turtle [ ] Leopard cat [ ] East Asian porcupine [ ] Langur [ ] Not sure/Don't know [ ] Hill myna [ ] Squirrel [ ] Rhinoceros [ ] Bush-tailed porcupine [ ] Slow Loris [ ] Grey peacock [ ] Great hornbill

Thank you for all of your help in responding to this questionnaire. You have been very helpful

191

Appendix D. Map of Laos

192

Map XXX: Pre-campaign Survey MapXXX: Pre-Control Survey

193

Map XXX: Campaign Site

194

INTRODUCTION TO ANDREA & BUSH Web viewDigital Camera Traps at core zone ... general word for ... 9%...

Documents

Transcript of INTRODUCTION TO ANDREA & BUSH Web viewDigital Camera Traps at core zone ... general word for ... 9%...