Introduction to Alternative Fuels Technology
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Transcript of Introduction to Alternative Fuels Technology
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Introduction to Alternative Fuels Technology
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Why are we doing this ?
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Future car
Is she driving an AFV?
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Bio-what?
What kind of fuel are you using?
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History
First Automobiles
1765 Richard Trevithick Steam
1847 Moses Farmer Electric
1863 E’ tienne Lenoir Internal Combustion
1898 Rudorf Diesel Diesel Compression
1902 M. Krieger Hybrid/Electric
1980 Ed Passerini Solar Car
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History 2
Automobile Performance
1851 Speed Record 19 mph Electric
1898 First Official Race 39 mph Electric
1899 Mile per Minute 60 mph Electric
1902 Electric’s Lose Lead 75 mph Steam
1906 100 Mile Barrier Broke 127 mph Steam
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The End of Cheap Oil
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The U.S. Accounts for 26% of World Oil Consumption and 9% of World Oil Production,
but Has Only 2% of World Oil Reserves
Petroleum
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Transportation Is Almost Entirely Dependent on Oil. It Accounts for 67% of U.S. Oil Use Now. This Will Increase Significantly in the Future
Sector Use
0246810
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1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
Mil
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arre
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ay Transportation
Industrial
Residential &Commercial
Electric Utilities
53%
67%
72%
Source: EIA 2000
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U.S. Highway Transportation Uses More Oil Than Is Produced Domestically
Transportation Use
Source: EIA 20000
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1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
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Heavy Trucks
Domestic Oil Production
Automobiles
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The Clean Air Act Amendment of 1990 (CAAA) EPA
•Improve air quality by reducing mobile source Improve air quality by reducing mobile source pollutants with cleaner fuels pollutants with cleaner fuels •Purchase LEVs in Clean Fuel Fleet ProgramPurchase LEVs in Clean Fuel Fleet Program•Metropolitan Statistical Areas of 250,000 or Metropolitan Statistical Areas of 250,000 or greatergreater in non-attainment•Centrally fueled fleets of 10 or more vehiclesCentrally fueled fleets of 10 or more vehicles•State, federal, and fuel provider fleets for 70% State, federal, and fuel provider fleets for 70% of fleet for <8,500 GVWR and 50% of fleet up to of fleet for <8,500 GVWR and 50% of fleet up to 26,000 GVWR26,000 GVWR•New acquisitions since 1999New acquisitions since 1999
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The Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT) DOE
•Reduce oil consumption through Reduce oil consumption through alternative fuel infrastructure implement alternative fuel infrastructure implement and acquisition of LEVs alternative fuel and acquisition of LEVs alternative fuel vehiclesvehicles•Metropolitan Statistical Areas of 250,000 Metropolitan Statistical Areas of 250,000 or greateror greater •Centrally fueled fleets of 20 or more Centrally fueled fleets of 20 or more vehicles less than 8,500 lbsvehicles less than 8,500 lbs•State, federal, and fuel provider fleets, State, federal, and fuel provider fleets, 75%, 75%, and 90% respectively75%, 75%, and 90% respectively•New acquisitions since 1997New acquisitions since 1997
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What are Alternative Fuels?
Definition
Fuels that are substantially non-petroleum and yield energy security and environmental benefits.
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What are Alternative Fuels?
Defined by EPA, Recognized by DOE
Natural Gas – Compressed or LiquefiedPropane/Liquefied Petroleum GasEthanol (denatured, E-5, E-85, )Methanol (M-85)Electricity and Hybrid ElectricBiodiesel (B100 neat, B20, B5)Hydrogen (ICE and Fuel Cell)
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Clean Cities also promotes
• Idle reduction
• Fuel economy
• Conservation activities
• Mass Transportation
• Share a ride
• Hybrid/electric.
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Niche Markets have potential
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Bio-fuel Production
• Ethanol plant in Bartow• Alcohol and gasoline
• Biodiesel plant in Lakeland• Vegetable oil and petro-diesel
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Ethanol
• Flexible Fuel Vehicle• E85 or E5 percentage Ethanol to gasoline• Dodge, Chrysler, Ford, GM, BMW
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Biodiesel
• B100 neat, B20, B10, B5• Percentage vegetable oil
to diesel
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Plug-ins
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Electric Vehicle
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Charging
• Toyota Rav4 Electric Vehicle charging at Photovoltaic powered utility integrated system in New Syrmra
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Solar Car
Photovoltaics, battery and electric motor powered electric vehicle
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Hybrid – Electric and Gasoline
Toyota Honda Ford
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Neighborhood Electric Vehicle NEV
• GEM Chrysler and Station
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GAS
Compress Natural Gas CNG Liquefied Natural Gas LNG Propane – LPG Dedicated and Bi-fuel GM and Toyota
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Hydrogen
Fuel Cell with electric drive
Internal Combustion Engine