Introduction to Agriculture. Definition of: the science or practice of farming, including...
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![Page 1: Introduction to Agriculture. Definition of: the science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051019/5697bf851a28abf838c872b9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Introduction to Agriculture
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Definition of:
•the science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide food, wool, and other products
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Includes:
•Agronomy•Horticulture•Forestry•Animal Husbandry/Science
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Agronomy
•Using plants to produce food (animal and human consumption), fiber, and fuel
•Soil science closely related
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Horticulture
•Landscape design and construction•Landscape maintenance•Nursery and Greenhouse production
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Forestry
•creating, managing, using, conserving, and repairing forests and associated resources to meet desired needs, and values for human benefit
•Practiced in both plantations and natural stands
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Animal Sciences
•Cattle▫Beef/Dairy
•Poultry▫Egg laying / Meat
•Equine▫Livestock?
•Swine▫Meat
•Sheep/Goats▫Meat / Fiber
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Agricultural Statistics World-Wide•126 billion acres•15.77 billion acres are habitable•Only 3-4% of that is farmable
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Agricultural Statistics United States
•360,892,200 acres of cropland•Principal operators 34 and younger:
▫2002 123,059▫2007 118,613▫2014 119,833
•Principal operators 65 and older :▫2002 557,830▫2007 655,654▫2014 701,276
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Vocabulary•Domestication: hereditary reorganization of
wild animals and plants into domestic and cultivated forms according to the interests of people (generally need human intervention to survive)
•Selective Breeding (artificial selection):humans selectively develop particular phenotypic traits (characteristics) by choosing which animal or plant reproduce together
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Vocabulary• Hybrid: mixing, through sexual reproduction, of two
animals or plants of different breeds, varieties, species (can create animals with more useful characteristics than parents)▫ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZHBI7ggw53o
• Organic Farming: farming that does not use commercial farming chemicals
• Monoculture: the cultivation of a single crop in a given area, can be susceptible to disease and crop loss
• Polyculture: the cultivation of a multiple crops in a given area, can be better able to survive disease and crop loss
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Vocabulary•Ranching: practice of raising grazing
livestock
•Commercial Farming: farming for a profit, where food is produced by advanced technological means for sale
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Vocabulary
•Breed: specific group of domestic animals having the same appearance, behavior, and/or other characteristics that distinguish it from other organisms of the same species and that were arrived at through selective breeding
•Species: organisms that reproduce and to create fertile offspring
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Thomas Malthus
•Essay on populations in 1798•Population growth will surpass resources•Population will eventually crash unless it
reached “checks” to growth
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Thomas Malthus
•Population has continued to grow•Have we surpassed his predictions? WHY?•Have we completely escaped his
predictions?•What are the 3 agricultural revolutions?