Introduction• Smoking is one of

the worst things kids or adults can do to their bodies. Yet every single day nearly 4,400 kids between the ages 12 and 17 start smoking.

Tobacco Use in the United States

• Nearly 443,000 Americans die annually of tobacco-related diseases.

• Another 10 million suffer tobacco-induced health disorders.

• Tobacco causes about 25 diseases, and about half of all regular smokers die of smoking-related diseases.

Tobacco Use

Worldwide: 3,000,000 deaths annuallyone every 10 sec1 billion people smoke about 6 trillion cigarettes a year

Tobacco and Social Issues

• Advertising– $35 million is spent daily on advertising and

promotion.– Campaigns are directed at everyone, but about

90% are directed at children and teens.

• Financial Costs to Society– Tobacco use causes more than $193 billion in

annual health-related economic issues.– For each smoker, the cost is about $3,391 per

year.

Why do tobacco companies target kids?

• Tobacco industry “needs” to replace 3,000 smokers who die or quit each day

• Very small percentage of smokers begin after teens

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Marlboro Newport

advertisingteensadults

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College Students and Tobacco Use

• Heavy tobacco marketing and advertising is aimed at students, but smoking among college students is declining.– Why do college students smoke?

• To relax or reduce stress• To fit in/social pressure• Because of addiction• Weight control• Students diagnosed or treated for depression are 7.5 times more

likely to use tobacco

–Social smoking•Many students identify themselves as social smokers: those that smoke only around other smokers.•This can lead to dependence and all the same health risks as smoking regularly.

College Students and Tobacco Use

Tobacco and Its Effects

• Nicotine– Highly addictive, psychoactive substance– CNS stimulant (produces a variety of physiological effects)– In its natural form, it’s colorless liquid that turns brown

upon exposure to air

• Tar and Carbon Monoxide– Tar is the carcinogenic particulate matter.– Nicotine paralyzes cilia, which become unable to clear out

tar.– Carbon monoxide is a deadly gas that reduces the oxygen-

carrying capacity of red blood cells.

• Tobacco Addiction– Nicotine poisoning

Tobacco and Its Effects• Tar and Carbon Monoxide

– Tar is the carcinogenic particulate matter.– Nicotine paralyzes cilia, which become unable to clear out

tar.– Carbon monoxide is a deadly gas that reduces the oxygen-

carrying capacity of red blood cells.

• Tobacco Addiction– Nicotine poisoning– Smoking gets drug to brainin just few seconds

Tobacco Products

• Cigarettes– Switching to low-tar or low-nicotine is self-defeating

because the smoker may smoke more.– Clove cigarettes contain 60% tobacco.

• Cigars– Contain 23 poisons and 43 carcinogens.

• Bidis– Produce 3 times more carbon monoxide and nicotine and

5 times more tar than cigarettes.• Smokeless tobacco

– Chewing tobacco– Snuff

Health Hazards of Tobacco Products - Cancer

• Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death.• It can take 10-30 years to develop and most cases are not

diagnosed until the cancer has spread. – Five year survival rate is only 16%.

• Smoking just one cigar a day can double the risk of oral cancers.

• Chewing tobacco is responsible for 75% of new oral cancers, which can begin as leukoplakia.– Warning signs include lumps in the jaw or neck, color changes or

lumps inside the lips, white smooth or scaly patches in the mouth or neck, lips or tongue; a red spot or sore on the lips, gums, or inside the mouth that does not heal in 2 weeks.

• Other tobacco-induced cancers: pancreatic, kidney, bladder, lip, tongue, esophagus, and larynx

Effects of Smoking on the Body and Health

Male smokers die an average of 13.2 years earlier than male nonsmokers

Female smokers die an average of 14.5 years earlier than female nonsmokers

Health Hazards of Tobacco Products – Cardiovascular Disease

• Smokers have a 70% higher death rate from heart disease than do non-smokers.

• Daily cigar smoking doubles the risk of heart attack and stroke.

• Bidi smokers are at the same risk.• Smokers are twice as likely to suffer strokes.• Quitting reduces risk by half after only 1 year.

Other Health Hazards of Tobacco Products

• Respiratory Disorders– Chronic bronchitis– Emphysema

• Sexual Dysfunction and Fertility Problems– Males are twice as likely to suffer impotence as are

females.– Women are likely to suffer infertility and problems with

pregnancy.

• Other Health Effects– Gum disease, macular degeneration, premature skin

wrinkling, and risk of Alzheimer's disease– Metabolism of drugs affected

Non-smoker lungs Smoker lungs

Environmental Tobacco Smoke• Mainstream—smoke drawn through tobacco while

inhaling• Sidestream—smoke from the burning end of a

cigarette or smoke exhaled by a smoker– Contains twice as much tar and nicotine, 5 times more

carbon monoxide, and 50 times more ammonia than mainstream smoke.

– Causes more deaths a year than any other environmental pollutant.

• Every year, ETS is estimated to be responsible for 3,400 lung cancer deaths, 46,000 coronary and heart disease deaths, and 430 SIDs deaths in newborns.

Tobacco Use and Prevention Policies

• It has been over 40 years since the government recognized the hazard of tobacco use.

• In 1998, the tobacco industry reached a Master's Settlement Agreement with 40 states.

• The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act (2009) forbids advertising geared to children, forbids nicotine reduction, and bans sweetened cigarettes.

• Smokeless tobacco ads must have a warning that fills 20% of the advertising space.

• Cigarette packages will have bigger, stronger warnings after June 22, 2001.

Secondhand Smoke Exposure

• You breathe in more than 4,000 chemicals when you are around someone who is smoking.

• The chemicals found in secondhand smoke hurt your health, and many are known to cause cancer.

• Is secondhand smoke toxic?

• Secondhand smoke contains poisons.

Secondhand Smoke Exposure• What problems does

secondhand smoke create for youth?

• Secondhand smoke harms children.

Children who are around smoke are more likely to have the following:

• Lung problems

• Ear infections

• Severe asthma

Non-smoker Smoker

Identical twins

Nicotine dependence• Addiction/dependence

– can’t stop when you want to– continue use, despite clear evidence of harm– clear withdrawal symptoms

• nicotine: depressed mood, insomnia, irritability, difficulty concentrating

Quitting Smoking

• Breaking the Nicotine Addiction– Seventy percent attempt to quit a year– Only between 4 and 7% succeed

• Nicotine Replacement Products– Nicotine chewing gum– Nicotine patch– Nicotine nasal spray– Nicotine inhaler– Nicotine lozenges

ABC News Video: Smash the Ash

Discussion Questions1. Why is it so hard for smokers to quit?2. How do hand movements reinforce smoking

behavior?3. Why are advertisements to stop smoking not

effective?4. What approach does Dr. Oz have to stop smoking?5. For what reasons do people quit smoking?6. What are some real-world tips to quit smoking?

When Smokers Quit

Quitting Smoking

• Breaking the Smoking Habit– Operant conditioning– Self-control therapy

• Benefits of Quitting– Many tissues will repair themselves, according to

the American Cancer Society.– Gain more energy, sleep better, and feel more

alert– Women less likely to bear babies with low birth

weight– Can save about $1,991.92 per year