INTRODUCTION - Scripture4Allpartly follows the indefinite pronoun or is indefinite as a whole....
Transcript of INTRODUCTION - Scripture4Allpartly follows the indefinite pronoun or is indefinite as a whole....
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INTRODUCTION
for using the
Concordant Parsing
of the so-called Greek New Testament
in the
Interlinear Scripture Analyzer
(ISA)
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
Studying Scripture concordantly, meaning in accord with that which was written originally, involves the need to determine not only the meaning of
the words and word-elements but the grammar also.
Beginning with the Greek letters we are happy to find most of them preserved in our modern English Alphabet. Anciently they were written
like this:
Vowels easily change, combine or absorb one another. The latter, in
particular, is confusing until we grasp the laws behind it:
aa = a ea = h oa = w or a
ae = a ee = ei oe = ou
ah = a eh = h oh = o or h
ao = w eo = ou oo = ou
aw = w ew = w ow = w
Consonants are more stable but are inclined to combine by forming a new letter or letter-combination, or simply to be dropped:
ps bs fs = y
ks gs xs = x
pk bk fk = f
kk gk ck = c
ts = s
ds = s
qs = s
ms = m
ns = n
ls = l
rs = r
tk = k
dk = k
qk = k
Considering these features will help to understand the changes words make in usage at times.
a b g d e z h q i k l m n x o p r s t u f c y w
a b g d e z E th i k l m n x o p r s t u ph ch ps O
tt dt qt = st
tq dq qq = sq
pm bm fm = mm
tm dm qm = cm
bt ft = pt
pd fd = bd
pq bq = fq
gt ct = kt
kd cd = gd
kq gq = cq
km cm = gm
np = mp
nb = mb
nf = mf
nm = mm
ny = my
nk = gk
ng = gg
nc = gc
nx = gx
nl = ll
nr = rr
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
Moving from letters to words we find different word-groups like verbs, nouns, adjectives, pronouns and articles, prepositions, adverbs,
conjunctions and several particles.
Most words make specific changes in form in order to conform to the other words in sentence, all in accord with the sense. Verbs have to adjust with
function, voice, tense, mode, as well as number and person, which
commonly is called conjugation. Nouns, pronouns, adjectives and the article are declined to state clearly the relationship between subject and
object.
Studying the Greek verb will show that it is much more a word of function or condition than of time. Time only has a secondary aspect; primarily the
verb is brought before us as an indefinite FACT, a going on ACT or a complete STATE. Therefore, we have arranged the verb according to this
point of view. Because there is much similarity between the several active verbs, as between the middle and passive as well, we have
correspondingly grouped the voices together.
A special position is taken by the middle voice because we don’t know it any more in our modern languages and therefore have to translate it
either actively or passively. In fact the middle expresses an action
remaining with the subject/object and not going out from it (active) or befalling it (passive). However, in order to indicate the middle verbs, we
have given the passive expression of the verb form in italics, as I-was-baptizED, when translated passively. We have added a specific sign when
we were forced to translate actively, like I-baptize~.
Declension in Greek knows three categories. Generally, we can say that the first declension suffixes the feminine relative pronoun to the stem, the
second uses the masculine and neuter relative and the third declension partly follows the indefinite pronoun or is indefinite as a whole.
Therefore, we have arranged nouns according to the three declensions,
some are indefinite, commonly called irregular and others are indeclinable. Adjectives in principle use the same endings. Participles, which in fact are
verbal adjectives, are listed with the verbs. The several pronouns and the
article are given separately.
The prepositions show what declension really is. Speech is flowing and a flow has a direction. The prepositions illustrate this very clearly. Studying
the scheme showing the relationship of the prepositions to the case system will help very effectively in understanding this subject.
Adverbs, conjunctions and particles are not declined. They seldom change
in usage.
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
Tables of the different grammatical forms are given below, as they will be found in declension and conjugation, which show the reader the changes
words make in language usage. The reader will also be enabled this way to check the uniform interlinear by himself.
May God use this introduction into a concordant grammar for a better
understanding of His glorious Word, for the laud of His glory and for the
blessing of His beloved saints. grf
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
The Greek Cases
in relation to the Prepositions
GENITIVE DATIVE ACCUSATIVE
OF
Motion from Whence?
to
Rest in Where?
Motion to Whither?
UPER OVER
PERI
above
concerning ABOUT
SUN
TOGETHER
ANTI INSTEAD
ON
EPI ON
ON
DIA THRU
APO FROM
EN IN
PROS TOWARD
EK OUT
EIS INTO
PARA of
with
BESIDE
META WITH
after
UPO by
UNDER
NOMINATIVE
Who? What?
VOCATIVE
ANA
U
P
KATA
DO
WN
accord
ing_to
because_of
PRO
BEFORE
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
GENITIVE OF
Motion from (possession or derivation)
Whence?
DATIVE to
Rest in
Where?
ACCUSATIVE
Motion to
Whither?
ANTI INSTEAD
APO FROM
EK OUT
PRO BEFORE
EN - IN
SUN - TOGETHER
ANA - UP
EIS - INTO
PROS - TOWARD
DIA THRU - because_of
KATA DOWN - according_to
meta WITH - after
PERI concerning - ABOUT
UPER OVER - above
UPO by - UNDER
epi ON ON ON
para of with BESIDE
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
Nouns - 1st Declension
(n_ 1 …)
Pronoun
(feminine)
Feminine
Masculine
Stem in —[I]A, —H —AS, —HS
Singular
Nom H —H —A —a —hs —hs —as —as
Gen HS —HS —HS —as —ou —ou —ou —A
Dat H —H —H —a —h —h —a —a
Acc HN —HN —AN —an —hn —hn —an —an
Voc —H —A —A —a —H —a —a
Plural
Nom AI —ai
Gen WN —wn
Dat AIS —ais
Acc AS —as
Voc ai —ai
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
Nouns - 2nd Declension
(n_ 2 …)
Pronoun
(neuter)
Pronoun
(masculine)
Masculine
& Feminine
Neuter
Stem in —OS —ON
Singular
Nom O OS —OS —ON
Gen OU OU —OU —OU
Dat W W —W —W
Acc O ON —ON —ON
Voc —E —ON
Plural
Nom A OI —OI —A
Gen WN WN —WN —WN
Dat OIS OIS —OIS —OIS
Acc A OUS —OUS —A
Voc —oi —A
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
Nouns - 3rd Declension
(n_ 3 …)
Neuter
Masc.
&
Fem.
Masculine
Feminine
Stem in —U- —OS —NT-, —N —ES- —U-, —OU- —EU- —[E]I[S] —U-
Singular
Nom — — —OS — — —HS —S —S —S —S
Gen —OS —WS —OUS —OS —[T]OS —OUS —WS/—OS —WS —[E]WS —OS
Dat —I —I —EI —I —[T]I —EI —I —I —[E]I —I
Acc — — —OS —A —[T]A —H[N] —N —A —N —N
Voc — — — —
Plural
Nom —A —H —ES —[D]ES —EIS —IS/—ES —IS —[E]IS —ES
Gen —WN —WN —WN —[D]WN —WN —WN —WN —[E]WN —-WN
Dat —[S]I[N] —[S]I[N] —[S]I[N] —[S]I[N] —ESI[N] —SI[N] —SI[N[ —[E]SI[N] —SI[N]
Acc —A —H —AS —[D]AS —EIS —IS/—AS —IS —[E]IS —AS
Voc —A — —ES —[D]ES — —IS —
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
Adjective-Declension Masculine
(a_ …)
1. Decl. 2. Decl. 3. Decl.
Singular
Nom m -os -as, -hs, -eis, -us, (-wn, -ws)
Gen m -ou -ous, -os
Dat m -w -i
Acc m -on -a, -h, -an, -hn, (-w)
Voc m -e (-wn)
Plural
Nom m -oi -es, -eis, (-ous)
Gen m -wn -wn
Dat m -ois -[s]i[n]
Acc m -ous -as, -eis, (-ous)
Voc m -oi -es
(Letters in round brackets are not really suffixes but belong to the stem.)
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
Adjective-Declension Feminine
(a_ …)
1. Decl. 2. Decl. m/f 3. Decl. m/f
Singular
Nom f -a, -h -os -hs, (-wn)
Gen f -as, -hs -ou -ous, -os
Dat f -a, -h -w -i
Acc f -an, -hn -on -a, -h, (-w)
Voc f -a
Plural
Nom f -ai -oi -es, -eis, (-ous)
Gen f -wn -wn -wn
Dat f -ais -ois -[s]i[n]
Acc f -as -ous -eis, (-ous)
Voc f -ai
(Letters in round brackets are not really suffixes but belong to the stem.)
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
Adjective-Declension Neuter
(a_ …)
1. Decl. 2. Decl. 3. Decl.
Singular
Nom n -on (-a, -an, -en, -es, -o, -on, -u)
Gen n -ou -ous, -os
Dat n -w -i
Acc n -on (-a, -h, -an, -en, -es, -hn, -o, -on, -oun, -u)
Voc n -on
Plural
Nom n -a -a, -h, (-w)
Gen n -wn -wn
Dat n -ois -[s]i[n]
Acc n -a -a, -h, (-w)
Voc n -a
(Letters in round brackets are not really suffixes but belong to the stem.)
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
Article
(t_ …)
THE
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular
Nom O THE H THE To THE
Gen TOU OF-THE Ths OF-THE Tou OF-THE
Dat TW to-THE Th to-THE Tw to-THE
Acc TON THE Thn THE To THE
Plural
Nom Oi THE(p) Ai THE(p) Ta THE(p)
Gen Twn OF-THE(p) Twn OF-THE(p) Twn OF-THE(p)
Dat Tois to-THE(p) Tais to-THE(p) Tois to-THE(p)
Acc tous THE(p) tas THE(p) ta THE(p)
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
Relative Pronoun
(pr …)
WHICH / WHO
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular
Nom os WHO h WHO o WHICH
Gen ou OF-WHOM hs OF-WHOM ou OF-WHICH
Dat w to-WHOM h to-WHOM w to-WHICH
Acc on WHOM hn WHOM o WHICH
Plural
Nom oi WHO(p) ai WHO(p) a WHICH(p)
Gen wn OF-WHOM(p) wn OF-WHOM(p) wn OF-WHICH(p)
Dat ois to-WHOM(p) ais to-WHOM(p) ois to-WHICH(p)
Acc ous WHOM(p) as WHOM(p) a WHICH(p)
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
Demonstrative Pronoun
(pd …)
THE-SAME, this, these
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular
Nom Outos this Auth this Touto this
Gen Toutou OF-this Tauths OF-this Toutou OF-this
Dat Toutw to-this Tauth to-this Toutw to-this
Acc Touton this Tauthn this Touto this
Plural
Nom Outoi these Autai these Tauta these
Gen Toutwn OF-these Toutwn OF-these Toutwn OF-these
Dat Toutois to-these Tautais to-these Toutois to-these
Acc toutous these tautas these tauta these
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
Demonstrative Pronoun
(pd …)
OUT-TO-BE, that, those
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular
Nom ekeinos that ekeinh that ekeino that
Gen ekeinou OF-that ekeinhs OF-that ekeinou OF-that
Dat ekeinw to-that ekeinh to-that ekeinw to-that
Acc ekeinon that ekeinhn that ekeino that
Plural
Nom ekeinoi those ekeinai those ekeina those
Gen ekeinwn OF-those ekeinwn OF-those ekeinwn OF-those
Dat ekeinois to-those ekeinais to-those ekeinois to-those
Acc ekeinous those ekeinas those ekeina those
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
Demonstrative Pronoun
(pd …)
to-THE(p)-SAME, such
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular
Nom toiOutos such toiAuth such toiouto such
Gen toioutou OF-such toiauths OF-such toioutou OF-such
Dat toioutw to-such toiauth to-such toioutw to-such
Acc toiouton such toiauthn such toiouto such
Plural
Nom toiOutoi such(p) toiAutai such(p) toiauta such(p)
Gen toioutwn OF-such(p) toioutwn OF-such(p) toioutwn OF-such(p)
Dat toioutois to-such(p) toiautais to-such(p) toioutois to-such(p)
Acc toioutous such(p) toiautas such(p) toiauta such(p)
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
Indefinite Pronoun
(px …)
ANY
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular
Nom tis ANY tis ANY ti ANY
Gen tinos OF-ANY tinos OF-ANY tinos OF-ANY
Dat tini to-ANY tini to-ANY tini to-ANY
Acc tina ANY tina ANY ti ANY
Plural
Nom tines ANY(p) tines ANY(p) tina ANY(p)
Gen tinwn OF-ANY(p) tinwn OF-ANY(p) tinwn OF-ANY(p)
Dat tisi[n] to-ANY(p) tisi[n] to-ANY(p) tisi[n] to-ANY(p)
Acc tinas ANY(p) tinas ANY(p) tina ANY(p)
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
Indefinite Pronoun
(px …)
WHICH-ANY, WHO-ANY
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular
Nom ostis WHO-ANY htis WHO-ANY oti WHICH-ANY
Gen outinos OF-WHO-ANY hstinos OF-WHO-ANY outinos/ OTOU OF-WHICH-ANY
Dat wtini to-WHO-ANY htini to-WHO-ANY wtini to-WHICH-ANY
Acc ontina WHO-ANY hntina WHO-ANY oti WHICH-ANY
Plural
Nom oitines WHO-ANY(p) aitines WHO-ANY(p) atina WHICH-ANY(p)
Gen wntinwn OF-WHO-ANY(p) wntinwn OF-WHO-ANY(p) wntinwn OF-WHICH-ANY(p)
Dat oistisi to-WHO-ANY(p) aistisi to-WHO-ANY(p) oistisi to-WHICH-ANY(p)
Acc oustinas WHO-ANY(p) astinas WHO-ANY(p) atina WHICH-ANY(p)
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
Personal Pronoun 1st & 2nd Person
(pp 1/2 …)
I / WE & YOU / YE
1st Person 2nd Person
Singular
Nom egw I su YOU
Gen emou / mou OF-ME sou OF-YOU
Dat emoi / moi to-ME soi to-YOU
Acc eme / me ME se YOU
Plural
Nom hmeis WE umeis YE
Gen hmwn OF-US umwn OF-YE
Dat hmin to-US umin to-YE
Acc hmas US umas YE
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
Personal Pronoun 3rd Person (Iterative Pronoun)
(pp …)
SAME, he/she/it, they
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular
Nom autos SAME, he auth SAME, she auto SAME, it
Gen autou OF-SAME, OF-him auths OF-SAME, OF-her autou OF-SAME, OF-it
Dat autw to-SAME, to-him auth to-SAME, to-her autw to-SAME, to-it
Acc auton SAME, him authn SAME, her auto SAME, it
Plural
Nom autoi SAME(p), they autai SAME(p), they auta SAME(p), they
Gen autwn OF-SAME(p), OF-them autwn OF-SAME(p), OF-them autwn OF-SAME(p), OF-them
Dat autois to-SAME(p), to-them autais to-SAME(p), to-them autois to-SAME(p), to-them
Acc autous SAME(p), them autas SAME(p), them auta SAME(p), them
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
Reflexive Pronoun 1st Person
(pf 1 …)
I-SAME, MYself, ourselves
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular
Nom
Gen emautou OF-MYself emauths OF-MYself emautou OF-MYself
Dat emautw to-MYself emauth to-MYself emautw to-MYself
Acc emauton MYself emauthn MYself emauto MYself
Plural
Nom
Gen eautwn OF-ourselves eautwn OF-ourselves eautwn OF-ourselves
Dat eautois to-ourselves eautais to-ourselves eautois to-ourselves
Acc eautous ouselves eautas ouselves eauta ouselves
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
Reflexive Pronoun 2nd Person
(pf 2 …)
YOU-SAME, YOURself, yourselves
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular
Nom
Gen seautou OF-YOURself seauths OF-YOURself seautou OF-YOURself
Dat seautw to-YOURself seauth to-YOURself seautw to-YOURself
Acc seauton YOURself seauthn YOURself seauto YOURself
Plural
Nom
Gen eautwn OF-yourselves eautwn OF-yourselves eautwn OF-yourselves
Dat eautois to-yourselves eautais to-yourselves eautois to-yourselves
Acc eautous yourselves eautas yourselves eauta yourselves
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
Reflexive Pronoun 3rd Person
(pf 3 …)
BE-SAME, himself/herself/itself, themselves
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular
Nom
Gen eautou OF-himself eauths OF-herself eautou OF-itself
Dat eautw to-himself eauth to-herself eautw to-itself
Acc eauton himself eauthn herself eauto itself
Plural
Nom
Gen eautwn OF-themselves eautwn OF-themselves eautwn OF-themselves
Dat eautois to-themselves eautais to-themselves eautois to-themselves
Acc eautous themselves eautas themselves eauta themselves
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
Possessive Pronoun 1st Person Sg
(ps 1 …)
MY, mine
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular
Nom emos MY emh MY EMON MY
Gen emou OF-MY emhs OF-MY EMOU OF-MY
Dat emw to-MY emh to-MY EMW to-MY
Acc emon MY emhn MY EMON MY
Plural
Nom emoi MY(p) emai MY(p) EMA MY(p)
Gen EMWN OF-MY(p) EMWN OF-MY(p) EMWN OF-MY(p)
Dat EMOIS to-MY(p) EMaIS to-MY(p) EMOIS to-MY(p)
Acc emoUS MY(p) emAS MY(p) EMA MY(p)
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
Possessive Pronoun 1st Person Pl
(ps 1 …)
OUR-more, ours
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular
Nom HMETEROS OUR-more HMETERA OUR-more HMETERON OUR-more
Gen HMETERou OF-OUR-more HMETERAS OF-OUR-more HMETERou OF-OUR-more
Dat HMETERw to-OUR-more HMETERa to-OUR-more HMETERw to-OUR-more
Acc HMETERON OUR-more HMETERAN OUR-more HMETERON OUR-more
Plural
Nom HMETEROI OUR-more(p) HMETERaI OUR-more(p) HMETERa OUR-more(p)
Gen HMETERWN OF-OUR-more(p) HMETERWN OF-OUR-more(p) HMETERWN OF-OUR-more(p)
Dat HMETEROIS to-OUR-more(p) HMETERAIS to-OUR-more(p) HMETEROIS to-OUR-more(p)
Acc HMETEROuS OUR-more(p) HMETERas OUR-more(p) HMETERa OUR-more(p)
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
Possessive Pronoun 2nd Person Sg
(ps 2 …)
YOUR, yours
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular
Nom sos YOUR sh YOUR SON YOUR
Gen sou OF-YOUR shs OF-YOUR sou OF-YOUR
Dat sw to-YOUR sh to-YOUR sw to-YOUR
Acc son YOUR shn YOUR SON YOUR
Plural
Nom soi YOUR(p) sai YOUR(p) SA YOUR(p)
Gen swn OF-YOUR(p) swn OF-YOUR(p) swn OF-YOUR(p)
Dat sois to-YOUR(p) sais to-YOUR(p) sois to-YOUR(p)
Acc SOUS YOUR(p) sas YOUR(p) SA YOUR(p)
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
Possessive Pronoun 2nd Person Pl
(ps 2 …)
YOUR(p)-more, yours
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular
Nom UMETEROS YOUR(p)-more UMETERA YOUR(p)-more UMETERon YOUR(p)-more
Gen UMETERou OF-YOUR(p)-more UMETERAS OF-YOUR(p)-more UMETERou OF-YOUR(p)-more
Dat UMETERW to-YOUR(p)-more UMETERA to-YOUR(p)-more UMETERW to-YOUR(p)-more
Acc UMETERON YOUR(p)-more UMETERAN YOUR(p)-more UMETERON YOUR(p)-more
Plural
Nom UMETERoi YOUR(p)-more(p) UMETERai YOUR(p)-more(p) UMETERa YOUR(p)-more(p)
Gen UMETERwn OF-YOUR(p)-more(p) UMETERwn OF-YOUR(p)-more(p) UMETERwn OF-YOUR(p)-more(p)
Dat UMETERois to-YOUR(p)-more(p) UMETERais to-YOUR(p)-more(p) UMETERois to-YOUR(p)-more(p)
Acc UMETERous YOUR(p)-more(p) UMETERas YOUR(p)-more(p) UMETERa YOUR(p)-more(p)
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
vi FA act past … (Substantive)
1 sg hmhn
I-WAS
2 sg hs/HSQA
YOU-WERE
3 sg hn
he/she/it-WAS
1 pl hmen/HMEQA
WE-WERE
2 pl hte
YE-WERE
3 pl hsan
THEY-WERE
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
vi FA act past …
Past in —hn Past Verbs in –a- in –e- in –o- gnw-
1 sg e—hn e—on —WN —OUN —OUN —WN
I—ED
2 sg e—hs E—ES —AS —EIS —OUS —WS
YOU—ED
3 sg e—h e—e —A —EI —OU —W
he/she/it—ED
1 pl e—hmen E—OMEN —WMEN —OUMEN —OUMEN
WE—ED
2 pl e—hte E—ETE —ATE —EITE —OUTE —WTE
YE—ED
3 pl e—hsan E—ON —WN —OUN —OUN
THEY—ED
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
vn FA act indef (Substantive)
vn FA act indef
Verbs in –p,b,f,pt-
Verbs in –k,g,ss,c,z-
Verbs in –l,n,r-
—sai —yai —xai —ai
TO—
vi FA act indef ...
Verbs in –p,b,f,pt-
Verbs in –k,g,ss,tt,c,z-
Verbs in –l,n,r-
1 sg e—sa —ya —xa —A
I—
2 sg e—sas —yas —xas —AS
YOU—
3 sg e—sen —yen —xen —En
he/she/it—S
1 pl e—samen —yamen —xamen —AMEN
WE—
2 pl e—sate —yate —xate —ATE
YE—
3 pl e—san —yan —xan —AN
THEY—
einai
TO-BE
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
vp FA act indef sg ...
Verbs in –p,b,f,pt-
Verbs in –k,g,ss,tt,c,z-
Verbs in
–l,n,p-
nom sg m —sas —yas —xas —as
—ing —ing —ing —ing
f —sasa —yasa —xasa —asa
—ing —ing —ing —ing
n —san —yan —xan
—ing —ing —ing
gen sg m —santos —yantos —xantos —antos
OF—ing OF—ing OF—ing OF—ing
f —sashs
OF—ing
n —santos
OF—ing
dat sg m —santi —yanti —xanti —anti
to—ing to—ing to—ing to—ing
f —sash
to—ing
n —santi
to—ing
acc sg m —santa —yanta —xanta —anta
—ing —ing —ing —ing
f —sasan
—ing
n —san —yan
—ing —ing
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
vp FA act indef pl ...
Verbs in –p,b,f,pt-
Verbs in –k,g,ss,tt,c,z-
Verbs in
–l,n,p-
nom pl m —santes —yantes —xantes —antes
—ing —ing —ing —ing
f —sasai —yasai
—ing —ing
n —santa
—ing
gen pl m —santwn —yantwn —xantwn —antwn
OF—ing OF—ing OF—ing OF—ing
f —saswn
OF—ing
n —santwn
OF—ing
dat pl m —sasin —yasin
to—ing to—ing
f —sasais
to—ing
n —sasin
to—ing
acc pl m —santas —yantas —antas
—ing —ing —ing
f —sasas
—ing
n —santa
—ing
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
vm FA act fut ...
Verbs in –p,b,f,pt-
Verbs in –k,g,ss,tt,c,z-
Verbs in –l,n,r-
2 sg —son —yon —xon —on
—YOU
3 sg —SATW —YATW —XATW —ATW
LET-him/her/it—
2 pl —sate —yate —xate —ate
—YE
3 pl —SATWSAN —ATWSAN
LET-THEM—
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
vn AC act pres
in —a- in —o- za-
—ein —an —oun —hn
TO-BE—ING
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
vi AC act pres ... (Substantive)
1 sg eimi
I-AM-BEING
2 sg EI
YOU-ARE-BEING
3 sg ESTIN
he/she/it-IS-BEING
1 pl ESMEN
WE-ARE-BEING
2 pl ESTE
YE-ARE-BEING
3 pl EISIN
THEY-ARE-BEING
vi AC act pres ...
Present in —mi Present in —a- in —e- in —o- za-
1 sg —mi —w —w —w —w —w
I-AM—ING
2 sg —s —eis —as —eis —ois —hs
YOU-ARE—ING
3 sg —SIN —EI —A —EI —OI —H
he/she/it-IS—ING
1 pl —MEN —OMEN —WMEN —OUMEN —OUMEN —WMEN
WE-ARE—ING
2 pl —TE —ETE —ATE —EITE —OUTE —HTE
YE-ARE—ING
3 pl —OUSIN / —ASIN —OUSIN —WSIN —OUSIN —OUSIN —WSIN
THEY-ARE—ING
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
vm AC act pres ... (Substantive)
2 sg isqI
YOU-BE-BEING
3 sg ESTW / HTW
LET-him/her/it-BE-BEING
2 pl ESTE
YE-BE-BEING
3 pl ESTWSAN
LET-THEM-BE-BEING
vm AC act pres ...
Verbs in —a- Verbs in —e- Verbs in —o-
2 sg —e / —qi —A —EI —OU
YOU-BE—ING
3 sg —ETW —ATW —EITW —OUTW
LET-him/her/it-BE—ING
2 pl —ETE —ATE —EITE —OUTE
YE-BE—ING
3 pl —ETWSAN —ATWSAN —EITWSAN —OUTWSAN
LET-THEM-BE—ING
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
vs AC act pres ... (Substantive)
1 sg w
I-MAY-BE-BEING
2 sg HS
YOU-MAY-BE-BEING
3 sg H
he/she/it-MAY-BE-BEING
1 pl WMEN
WE-MAY-BE-BEING
2 pl HTE
YE-MAY-BE-BEING
3 pl WSIN
THEY-MAY-BE-BEING
vs AC act pres ...
Verbs in —a-
Verbs in —o-
1 sg —w
I-MAY-BE –ING
2 sg —hs —as —ois
YOU-MAY-BE—ING
3 sg —H —a —oi
he/she/it-MAY-BE—ING
1 pl —WMEN
WE-MAY-BE—ING
2 pl —HTE —ate —OUte
YE-MAY-BE—ING
3 pl —WSIN
THEY-MAY-BE—ING
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
vo AC act pres ... (Substantive)
2 sg EIHS
MAY-YOU-BEING
3 sg eih
MAY-he/she/it-BE-BEING
vo AC act pres ...
1 sg —OIMI
MAY-I-BE—ING
2 sg —OIS
MAY-YOU-BE—ING
3 sg —OI
MAY-he/she/it-BE—ING
1 pl —OIMEN
MAY-WE-BE—ING
2 pl —OITE
MAY-YE-BE—ING
3 pl —OIEN
MAY-THEY-BE—ING
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
vp AC act pres ... (Substantive)
nom sg m wn nom pl m ontes
BEING BEING
f ousa f ousai
BEING BEING
n on n onta
BEING BEING
gen sg m ontos gen pl m ontwn
OF-BEING OF-BEING
f oushs f ouswn
OF-BEING OF-BEING
n ontos n ontwn
OF-BEING OF-BEING
dat sg m onti dat pl m ousin
to-BEING to-BEING
f oush f ousais
to-BEING to-BEING
n onti n ousin
to-BEING to-BEING
acc sg m onta acc pl m ontas
BEING BEING
f ousan f ousas
BEING BEING
n on n onta
BEING BEING
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
vp AC act pres ...
Verbs in —a- Verbs in —e-, —o-
nom sg m —wn —w- —ou-
—ING
f —OUSA —w- —ou-
—ING
n —ON —w- —ou-
—ING
gen sg m —ontos —w- —ou-
OF—ING
f —oushs —w- —ou-
OF—ING
n —ontos —w- —ou-
OF—ING
dat sg m —onti —w- —ou-
to—ING
f —oush —w- —ou-
to—ING
n —onti —w- —ou-
to—ING
acc sg m —onta —w- —ou-
—ING
f —ousan —w- —ou-
—ING
n —on —w- —ou-
—ING
nom pl m —ontes —w- —ou-
—ING
f —ousai —w- —ou-
—ING
n —onta —w- —ou-
—ING
gen pl m —ontwn —w- —ou-
OF—ING
f —ouswn —w- —ou-
OF—ING
n —ontwn —w- —ou-
OF—ING
dat pl m —ousin —w- —ou-
to—ING
f —ousais —w- —ou-
to—ING
n —ousin —w- —ou-
to—ING
acc pl m —ontas —w- —ou-
—ING
f —ousas —w- —ou-
—ING
n —onta —w- —ou-
—ING
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
vn AC act fut
—sein
TO-SHALL-BE—ING
vi AC act fut ...
Verbs in —k,g,ss,tt,c,z-
Verbs in —p,b,f,pt-
Verbs in —l,n,R,z-
1 sg —sw —HSW —XW —YW —W
I-SHALL-BE—ING
2 sg —SEIS —HSEIS —XEIS —YEIS —EIS
YOU-SHALL-BE—ING
3 sg —SEI —HSEI —XEI —YEI —EI
he/she/it-SHALL-BE—ING
1 pl —SOMEN —HSOMEN —XOMEN —YOMEN —OUMEN
WE-SHALL-BE—ING
2 pl —SETE —HSETE —XETE —YETE —EITE
YE-SHALL-BE—ING
3 pl —SOUSIN —HOUSIN —XOUSIN —YOUSIN —OUSIN
THEY-SHALL-BE—ING
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
vs AC act fut …
Verbs in —p,b,f,pt-
Verbs in —k,g,ss,tt,c,z-
Verbs in —l,n,p,z-
1 sg —sw —YW —XW —W
I-SHOULD-BE—ING
2 sg —SHS —YHS —XHS —HS
YOU-SHOULD-BE—ING
3 sg —SH —YH —XH —H
he/she/it-SHOULD-BE—ING
1 pl —SWMEN —YWMEN —XWMEN —WMEN
WE-SHOULD-BE—ING
2 pl —SHTE —YHTE —XHTE —HTE
YE-SHOULD-BE—ING
3 pl —SWSIN —YWSIN —XWSIN —WSIN
THEY-SHOULD-BE—ING
vo AC act fut ...
Verbs in —z-
Verbs in —n-
3 sg —sai —Xai —ai
MAY-he/she/it-BE—ING(fut)
3 pl —SAIEN / SeIAN —XWSIN
MAY-THEY-BE—ING(fut)
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
vp AC act fut ...
nom sg m —swn
SHALL—ING
nom pl m —sontes
SHALL—ING
gen pl m —SONTWN
SHALL—ING
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
vi ST act past ...
1 sg e-Reduplication—kein —ein
I-HAD—ED
2 sg e-Reduplication—keis —eis
YOU-HAD—ED
3 sg e-Reduplication—kei —EI
he/she/it-HAD—ED
1 pl e-Reduplication—keimen
WE-HAD—ED
2 pl e-Reduplication—keite —EITE
YE-HAD—ED
3 pl e-Reduplication—keisan —EISAN
THEY-HAD—ED
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
vn ST act pres
Reduplication—kenai —enai
TO-HAVE—ED
vi ST act pres ...
1 sg Reduplication—ka —a
I-HAVE—ED
2 sg Reduplication—kas —as
YOU-HAVE—ED
3 sg Reduplication—ken —en
he/she/it-HAS—ED
1 pl Reduplication—kamen —amen
WE-HAVE—ED
2 pl Reduplication—kate —ate
YE-HAVE—ED
3 pl Reduplication—kasi —asin —[K]AN
THEY-HAVE—ED
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
vp ST act pres sg …
nom sg m Reduplication—kws —ws
HAVING—ED
f Reduplication—kuia —uia
HAVING—ED
n Reduplication—kos —os
HAVING—ED
gen sg m Reduplication—kotos
OF-HAVING—ED
f Reduplication—kuias
OF-HAVING—ED
n Reduplication—kotos
OF-HAVING—ED
dat sg m Reduplication—koti —oti
to-HAVING—ED
f Reduplication—kuiai
to-HAVING—ED
n Reduplication—kotI —oti
to-HAVING—ED
acc sg m Reduplication—Kota —ota
HAVING—ED
f Reduplication—kuian —uian
HAVING—ED
n Reduplication—kos —os
HAVING—ED
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
vp ST act pres pl …
nom pl m Reduplikation—kotes —otes
HAVING—ED
f Reduplikation—kuiai —uiai
HAVING—ED
n Reduplikation—kota —ota
HAVING—ED
gen pl m Reduplikation—kotwn
OF-HAVING—ED
f Reduplikation—kuiwn
OF-HAVING—ED
n Reduplikation—kotwn —otwn
OF-HAVING—ED
dat pl m Reduplikation—kosin —osin
to-HAVING—ED
f Reduplikation—kuiais
to-HAVING—ED
n Reduplikation—kosin
to-HAVING—ED
acc pl m Reduplikation—kotas —otas
HAVING—ED
f Reduplikation—kuias
HAVING—ED
n Reduplikation—kota —ota
HAVING—ED
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
vi FA-ST act past …
1 sg e—kon
I—ED
2 sg E—KeS
YOU—ED
3 sg e—ke
he/she/it—ED
1 pl E—kOMEN
WE—ED
2 pl E—kETE
YE—ED
3 pl E—kON
THEY—ED
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
vn FA-ST act indef
—KAI
TO—
vi FA-ST act indef …
1 sg E—KA
I—
2 sg E—KAS
YOU—
3 sg E—KEN
he/she/it—S
1 pl e—kamen
WE—
2 pl E—KATE
YE—
3 pl E—KAN
THEY—
vp FA-ST act indef ...
nom sg m —KAS
—ing
nom pl m —kantes
—ing
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
vm FA-ST act fut ...
2 sg —kon
—YOU
2 pl —KATE
—YE
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
vi FA mid past …
Verbs in —a- in —h- in —e- in —o- in —u- in —mi
1 sg e—omhn —wmhn —oumhn —oumhn
I—ED~ or –was—ED
2 sg E—OU —W —OU —OU
YOU—ED~ or –were—ED
3 sg e—eto —ato —hto —eito —outo —uto —ato
he/she/it—ED~ or –was—ED
1 pl E—OMEQA —WMEQA —OUMEQA —OUMEQA
WE—ED~ or –were—ED
2 pl e—esqe —asqe —eisqe —ousqe
YE—ED~ or –were—ED
3 pl e—onto —wnto —ounto —ounto —ounto —unto —ento
THEY—ED~ or –were—ED
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
vn FA mid indef
in —p,b,f,pt- in —k,g,ss,tt- in —l,n,r-
—sasqai —yasqai —xasqai —asqai
TO—~ or TO-be—ED
vi FA mid indef ...
Verbs in —b,p,f,pt- Verbs in —k,g,ss,tt,c,z- Verbs in —l,r,n-
1 sg e—samhn —yamhn —xamhn —amhn
I—~ or -am—ED
2 sg e—sw —yw —xw —w
YOU—~ or -are—ED
3 sg e—sato —yato —xato —ato
he/she/it—S~ or -is—ED
1 pl e—sameqa —yameqa —xameqa —ameqa
WE—~ or -are—ED
2 pl e—sasqe —yasqe —xasqe —asqe
YE—~ or -are—ED
3 pl e—santo —yanto —xanto —anto
THEY—~ or -are—ED
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
vp FA mid indef sg ...
Verbs in –p,b,f,pt-
Verbs in –k,g,ss,tt,c,z-
Verbs in –l,n,p-
nom sg m —samenos —yamenos —xamenos —amenos
—ing~ or being—ED
f —samenh —xamenh
—ing~ or being—ED
n —samenon —xamenon
—ing~ or being—ED
gen sg m —samenou —yamenou —xamenou
OF—ing~ or OF-being—ED
f —samenhs
OF—ing~ or OF-being—ED
n —SAMENOU
OF—ing~ or OF-being—ED
dat sg m —SAMENW
to—ing~ or to-being—ED
f —SAMENH
to—ing~ or to-being—ED
n —SAMENW
to—ing~ or to-being—ED
acc sg m —SAMENON —AMENON
—ing~ or being—ED
f —SAMENHN
—ing~ or being—ED
n —SAMENON
—ing~ or being—ED
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
vp FA mid indef pl ...
Verbs in –p,b,f,pt-
Verbs in –k,g,ss,tt,c,z-
Verbs in –l,n,p-
nom pl m —SAMENOI —yAMENOI —xAMENOI —AMENOI
—ing~ or being—ED
f —SAMENAI
—ing~ or being—ED
n —SAMENA
—ing~ or being—ED
gen pl m —SAMENWN
OF—ing~ or OF-being—ED
f —SAMENWN
OF—ing~ or OF-being—ED
n —SAMENWN
OF—ing~ or OF-being—ED
dat pl m —SAMENOIS —xAMENOIS
to—ing~ or to-being—ED
f —SAMENAIS
to—ing~ or to-being—ED
n —SAMENOIS
to—ing~ or to-being—ED
acc pl m —SAMENOUS —xAMENOUS
—ing~ or being—ED
f —SAMENAS
—ing~ or being—ED
n —SAMENA
—ing~ or being—ED
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
vm FA mid fut ...
2 sg —sai
—YOU~ or -be—ED
3 sg —sasqw
LET-him/her/it—~ or LET-him/her/it-be—ED
2 pl —sasqe
—YE~ or -be—ED
3 pl —sasqwsan
LET-THEM—~ or LET-THEM-be—ED
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
vn AC mid pres
—sqai
TO-BE—ING~ or TO-BE-beING—ED
vi AC mid pres ...
Verbs in —a-
Verbs in —e-
Verbs in —h-
Verbs in —o-
Verbs in —u-
Verbs in —mi
1 sg —omai —wmai —oumai —hmai —oumai —umai —emai —amai
I-AM—ING~ or
-AM-beING—ED
2 sg —H — —EI — —OI — —ASAI
YOU-ARE—ING~ or
-ARE-beING—ED
3 sg —ETAI —ATAI —EITAI —HTAI —OUTAI —UTAI —ATAI
he/she/it-IS—ING~ or
-IS-beING—ED
1 pl —OMEQA —WMEQA —OUMEQA — —OUMEQA —UMEQA —AMEQA
WE-ARE—ING~ or
-ARE-beING—ED
2 pl —ESQE —ASQE —EISQE — — OUSQE — —ASQE
YE-ARE—ING~ or
-ARE-beING—ED
3 pl —ONTAI —WNTAI —OUNTAI —hntai —OUNTAI —UNTAI —ANTAI
THEY-ARE—ING~ or
-ARE-beING—ED
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
vm AC mid pres ...
2 sg —ou
YOU-BE—ING~ or -BE-beING—ED
3 sg —e[i]sqw
LET-him/her/it-BE—ING~ or LET-him/her/it-BE-beING—ED
2 pl —e[i]sqe
YE-BE—ING~ or -BE-beING—ED
3 pl —e[i]sqwsan
LET-THEM-BE—ING~ or LET-THEM-BE-beING—ED
vs AC mid pres ...
1 sg —wmai
I-MAY-BE—ING~ or -MAY-BE-beING—ED
2 sg —h
YOU-MAY-BE—ING~ or -MAY-BE-beING—ED
3 sg —htai
he/she/it-MAY-BE—ING~ or -MAY-BE-beING—ED
1 pl —wmeqa
WE-MAY-BE—ING~ or -MAY-BE-beING—ED
2 pl —hsqe
YE-MAY-BE—ING~ or -MAY-BE-beING—ED
3 pl —wntai
THEY-MAY-BE—ING~ or -MAY-BE-beING—ED
vo AC mid pres ...
1 sg —aimhn
MAY-I-BE—ING~ or MAY-I-BE-beING—ED
3 sg —oito
MAY-he/she/it-BE—ING~ or MAY-he/she/it-BE-beING—ED
3 pl —ainto
MAY-THEY-BE—ING~ or MAY-THEY-BE-beING—ED
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
vp AC mid pres ...
nom sg m —MENOS nom pl m —MENOI
—ING~ or beING—ED —ING~ or beING—ED
f —MENH f —MENAI
—ING~ or beING—ED —ING~ or beING—ED
n —MENON n —MENA
—ING~ or beING—ED —ING~ or beING—ED
gen sg m —MENOU gen pl m —MENWN
OF—ING~ or OF-beING—ED OF—ING~ or OF-beING—ED
f —MENHS f —MENWN
OF—ING~ or OF-beING—ED OF—ING~ or OF-beING—ED
n —MENOU n —MENWN
OF—ING~ or OF-beING—ED OF—ING~ or OF-beING—ED
dat sg m —MENW dat pl m —MENOIS
to—ING~ or to-beING—ED to—ING~ or to-beING—ED
f —MENH f —MENAIS
to—ING~ or to-beING—ED to—ING~ or to-beING—ED
n —MENW n —MENOIS
to—ING~ or to-beING—ED to—ING~ or to-beING—ED
acc sg m —MENON acc pl m —MENOUS
—ING~ or beING—ED —ING~ or beING—ED
f —MENHN f —MENAS
—ING~ or beING—ED —ING~ or beING—ED
n —MENON n —MENA
—ING~ or beING—ED —ING~ or beING—ED
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
vn AC mid fut (Substantive)
esesqai
TO-SHALL-BE-BEING~
vn AC mid fut
—sesqai
TO-SHALL-BE—ING~ or TO-SHALL-BE-beING—ED
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
vi AC mid fut ... (Substantive)
1 sg esomai
I-SHALL-BE-BEING~
2 sg esH
YOU-SHALL-BE-BEING~
3 sg esTAI
he/she/it-SHALL-BE-BEING~
1 pl esOMEQA
WE-SHALL-BE-BEING~
2 pl esESQE
YE-SHALL-BE-BEING~
3 pl esONTAI
THEY-SHALL-BE-BEING~
vi AC mid fut ...
1 sg —somai
I’LL-BE—ING~ or -’LL-BE-beING—ED
2 sg —sh
YOU’LL-BE—ING~ or -’LL-BE-beING—ED
3 sg —setai
he/she/it’LL-BE—ING~ or -’LL-BE-beING—ED
1 pl —someqa
WE’LL-BE—ING~ or -’LL-BE-beING—ED
2 pl —sesqe
YE’LL-BE—ING~ or -’LL-BE-beING—ED
3 pl —sontai
THEY’LL-BE—ING~ or -’LL-BE-beING—ED
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
vs AC mid fut ...
1 sg —swmai
I-SHOULD-BE—ING~ or -SHOULD-BE-beING—ED
2 sg —Sh
YOU-SHOULD-BE—ING~ or -SHOULD-BE-beING—ED
3 sg —shtai
he/she/it-SHOULD-BE—ING~ or -SHOULD-BE-beING—ED
1 pl —swmeqa
WE-SHOULD-BE—ING~ or -SHOULD-BE-beING—ED
2 pl —shsqe
YE-SHOULD-BE—ING~ or -SHOULD-BE-beING—ED
3 pl —swntai
THEY-SHOULD-BE—ING~ or -SHOULD-BE-beING—ED
vp AC mid fut ...
(Substantive)
acc sg n esomenon
SHALL-BEING~
vp AC mid fut ...
acc sg n —somenon
SHALL—ING~ or SHALL-beING—ED
nom pl m —SOMENOI
SHALL—ING~ or SHALL-beING—ED
gen pl n —somenwn
OF-SHALL—ING~ or OF-SHALL-beING—ED
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
vi ST mid past …
1 sg e-Reduplication—mhn
I-HAD—ED~ or -HAD-been—ED
2 sg e-Reduplication—so
YOU-HAD—ED~ or -HAD-been—ED
3 sg e-Reduplication—to
he/she/it-HAD—ED~ or -HAD-been—ED
1 pl e-Reduplication—meqa
WE-HAD—ED~ or -HAD-been—ED
2 pl e-Reduplication—sqe
YE-HAD—ED~ or -HAD-been—ED
3 pl e-Reduplication—nto
THEY-HAD—ED~ or -HAD-been—ED
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
vn ST mid pres ...
Reduplication—[es]qai
TO-HAVE—ED~ or TO-HAVE-been—ED
vi ST mid pres ...
1 sg Reduplication—mai
I-HAVE—ED~ or -HAVE-been—ED
2 sg Reduplication—sai
YOU-HAVE—ED~ or -HAVE-been—ED
3 sg Reduplication—tai
he/she/it-HAS—ED~ or -HAS-been—ED
1 pl Reduplication—meqa
WE-HAVE—ED~ or -HAVE-been—ED
2 pl Reduplication—sqe
YE-HAVE—ED~ or -HAVE-been—ED
3 pl Reduplication—ntai
THEY-HAVE—ED~ or -HAVE-been—ED
vm ST mid pres ....
2 sg Reduplication—SO
HAVE-YOU—ED~ or
HAVE-YOU-been—ED
2 pl Reduplication—sqe
HAVE-YE—ED~ or
HAVE-YE-been—ED
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
vp ST mid pres ...
nom sg m Reduplication—menos nom pl m Reduplication—menoi
HAVING—ED~ or HAVING-been—ED HAVING—ED~ or HAVING-been—ED
f Reduplication—menh f Reduplication—menai
HAVING—ED~ or HAVING-been—ED HAVING—ED~ or HAVING-been—ED
n Reduplication—menon n Reduplication—mena
HAVING—ED~ or HAVING-been—ED HAVING—ED~ or HAVING-been—ED
gen sg m Reduplication—menou gen pl m Reduplication—menwn
OF-HAVING—ED~ or OF-HAVING-been—ED OF-HAVING—ED~ or OF-HAVING-been—ED
f Reduplication—menhs f Reduplication—menwn
OF-HAVING—ED~ or OF-HAVING-been—ED OF-HAVING—ED~ or OF-HAVING-been—ED
n Reduplication—menou n Reduplication—menwn
OF-HAVING—ED~ or OF-HAVING-been—ED OF-HAVING—ED~ or OF-HAVING-been—ED
dat sg m Reduplication—menw dat pl m Reduplication—menois
to-HAVING—ED~ or to-HAVING-been—ED to-HAVING—ED~ or to-HAVING-been—ED
f Reduplication—menh f Reduplication—menais
to-HAVING—ED~ or to-HAVING-been—ED to-HAVING—ED~ or to-HAVING-been—ED
n Reduplication—menw n Reduplication—menois
to-HAVING—ED~ or to-HAVING-been—ED to-HAVING—ED~ or to-HAVING-been—ED
acc sg m Reduplication—menon acc pl m Reduplication—menous
HAVING—ED~ or HAVING-been—ED HAVING—ED~ or HAVING-been—ED
f Reduplication—menhn f Reduplication—menas
HAVING—ED~ or HAVING-been—ED HAVING—ED~ or HAVING-been—ED
n Reduplication—menon n Reduplication—mena
HAVING—ED~ or HAVING-been—ED HAVING—ED~ or HAVING-been—ED
voc sg m Reduplication—mene
HAVING—ED~ or HAVING-been—ED
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
vi FA pas past …
1 sg e—qhn
I-WAS—ED
2 sg e—qhs
YOU-WERE—ED
3 sg e—qh
he/she/it-WAS—ED
1 pl e—qhmen
WE-WERE—ED
2 pl e—qhte
YE-WERE—ED
3 pl e—qhsan
THEY-WERE—ED
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
vn FA pas indef
vi FA pas indef …
1 sg e—sqhn
I-AM—ED
2 sg e—sqhs
YOU-ARE—ED
3 sg e—sqh
he/she/it-IS—ED
1 pl e—sqhmen
WE-ARE—ED
2 pl e—sqhte
YE-ARE—ED
3 pl e—sqhsan
THEY-ARE—ED
—qhnai
TO-BE—ED
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
vm AC pas pres …
2 sg —qhti
YOU-BE-BEING—ED
3 sg —qhtw
LET-him/her/it-BE-BEING—ED
2 pl —qhte
YE-BE-BEING—ED
3 pl —qhtwsan
LET-THEM-BE-BEING—ED
vs AC pas pres ...
1 sg —qw
I-MAY-BE-BEING—ED
2 sg —qhs
YOU-MAY-BE-BEING—ED
3 sg —qh
he/she/it-MAY-BE-BEING—ED
1 pl —qwmen
WE-MAY-BE-BEING—ED
2 pl —qhte
YE-MAY-BE-BEING—ED
3 pl —qwsin
THEY-MAY-BE-BEING—ED
vo AC pas pres ...
3 sg —qeih
MAY-he/she/it-BE-BEING—ED
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
vp AC pas pres ...
nom sg m —qeis nom pl m —qentes
BEING—ED BEING—ED
f —qeisa f —qeisai
BEING—ED BEING—ED
n —qen n —qenta
BEING—ED BEING—ED
gen sg m —qentos gen pl m —qentwn
OF-BEING—ED OF-BEING—ED
f —qeishs f —qeiswn
OF-BEING—ED OF-BEING—ED
n —qentos n —qentwn
OF-BEING—ED OF-BEING—ED
dat sg m —qenti dat pl m —qeisin
to-BEING—ED to-BEING—ED
f —qeish f —qeisais
to-BEING—ED to-BEING—ED
n —qenti n —qeisin
to-BEING—ED to-BEING—ED
acc sg m —qenta acc pl m —qentas
BEING—ED BEING—ED
f —qeisan f —qeisas
BEING—ED BEING—ED
n —qen n —qenta
BEING—ED BEING—ED
© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey
vn AC pas fut
—QHSESQAI
TO-SHALL-BE-BEING-ED
vi AC pas fut ...
1 sg —qhsomai
I’LL-BE-BEING—ED
2 sg —qhsh
YOU’LL-BE-BEING—ED
3 sg —qhsetai
he/she/it’LL-BE-BEING—ED
1 pl —qhsomeqa
WE’LL-BE-BEING—ED
2 pl —qhsesqe
YE’LL-BE-BEING—ED
3 pl —qhsontai
THEY’LL-BE-BEING—ED
vs AC pas fut ...
1 sg —sqw
I-SHOULD-BE-BEING—ED
2 sg —sqhs
YOU-SHOULD-BE-BEING—ED
3 sg —sqh
he/she/it-SHOULD-BE-BEING—ED
1 pl —sqwmen
WE-SHOULD-BE-BEING—ED
2 pl —sqhte
YE-SHOULD-BE-BEING—ED
3 pl —sqwsin
THEY-SHOULD-BE-BEING—ED