Welcome to our

Presentation

Members Name & ID :

Md Matiur Rahman (133-23-3661)Amzad Ali (133-23-3643)Mesbahul Haque (133-23-3636)Tuhinuzzaman Shovon (133-23-3--)Shahriar Shakil (133-23-3644)Rifat Ibn Razzak (133-23-3657)

Sec: A, L1T3Daffodil International University

Prepared by:Matiur,Amzad,Mesba, Tuhin, Shakil & Rifat

knittingThe term knitting describes the technique of

constructing textile structures by forming a continuous length into vertically intermeshed loops.

1.

2.

Knitting Knitting is the second most

important method of fabric formation.

• It is a needle technique by which loops are formed to make a fabric or garment.

• Fabric can be formed by hand or machine knitting , but the basic principle remains exactly the same i.e. pulling a new loop through the old loop.

At a glance History of Knitting

The word knitting is derived from the Sanskrit word Nahyati or someone says it derived from “cnyttan”. According to the textile history, it is said that finger knitting started since 1000 BC. It had been proven that Romans, Egyptians used knit productss from that time.

Hand knitting with 2 pins was practiced since 256 AD. The knitted fabrics were prepared with the help of 2 pins.

During 1509-1547, Third Henry was the first British monarch to wear fine knitted silk. Queen Elizabeth said that she wore them about 1561 (BC) and she was so impressed by their elasticity and fineness.

At a glance History of Knitting Reverent William lee, in 1589 invented the first knitting machine with

bearded needle. The gauge of the machine was 8npi and afterwards it was made up to 20npi. The machine had a potential of knitting 10 times more than hand knitting with two pins.

In the 18th century , rib knitting machine, warp knitting machines and circular knitting frame was invented

In the 19th century, latch needle, compound needle, fashioning mechanism, seamless heal and toe, flat knitting machine, interlock knitting were invented all over the world.

In the 20th century, double cylinder circular machine, electronic needle selection, reliant principle, Piz electronic jacquard etc were invented

Distinguish between woven and knitsWoven Knits

Two types of threads are used One type of thread is used

Long process Short process

Yarn movement is restricted Yarn movement is not restricted

Strong fabric Weaker fabric

Less comfortable More comfortable

Wrinkles easily Highly crease resistant

Ironing is necessary Requires no ironing

Garment weaving not possible Garment knitting is possible

Thinner fabric Thicker fabric

Less extensible More extensible

Cutting waste cannot be reduced Cutting waste can be minimized

Stable fabric Less stable fabric

Types of Knits:

Warp Knitting In a warp knitting

structure each loop in the horizontal direction is made from different thread. Sweater is made by this warp knitting techniques.

Weft Knitting In a weft knitting

structure a horizontal row of loops can be made using one thread and the thread runs in the horizontal direction. Most of the knitting fabric are produced by weft knitting

DIFFERENCE

Single Jersey or Plain fabric A fabric in which the knitted loops are the same sort and

meshed in the same manner. Single jersey is the simplest to knit and it can be produced

either on circular or flat machines by means of one set of needles which draw their loops to only one side of the fabric.

The fabric has one appearance on the face side and a different one on the reverse. The side on which the straight parts of the stitches appear in V formation is called the face side and the reverse side has twin rows of opposed semi circles.

Properties Of Single JerseySimplest knit structure.Face side smooth and sheen.Back side rough and dull.Lighter fabric.Economical.Easily ravels at both the ends.Highly extensible in length and width.Laddering is very common in these fabric.

Purl FabricPurl fabric is produced by drawing face

and reverse loops at alternate courses, where odd number of courses have all reverse loops and even number of courses have all face loops.

It can be done on either flat or circular machine.

Several purl structures can be produced by arranging the face and reverse loops in different orders.

Properties Of Purl

Both sides of the fabric are similar in appearance to the reverse side of the single jersey fabric

Ravels from both endsTwice the thickness of the plain

jerseyRate of production is lowAlmost equal extensibility in length

and widthMost suitable for children’s

garments, blankets shawls and scarf etc.

Rib Fabric• A fabric in which both back

and face loops occur along the course, but all the loops contained with in any wale are of the same types

• A rib structure implies a knitted fabric with face and back loops occurring in the same courses but not in the same wale

• Rib fabric can be produced on V – bed machine and footwear machine.

Properties Of RibDouble Face or Reversible fabricSimilar cord appearance in each sideThicker and heavier fabricRavels only at end knitted lastLies flat without curlExcellent width way elasticityForm fitting.

Interlock Fabric Interlock is the name given to a double faced rib based structure

containing of two rib fabrics interlocked together.The production of interlock fabric needs two needle beds, having long

and short needles arranged alternately on both the beds.Two feeders are required to knit a single repeat of interlock and also

cam systems are arranged accordingly.

Properties Of InterlockBoth sides of the fabric have an appearance like

face side of the single jersey fabric. It is a reversible fabric as rib one.

The structure do nor curl at edges when laid flat on surface

Horizontal and vertical stripes can be produced by using coloured yarns

The fabric ravels only from the end knitted lastThe rate of production is low.

Feature of interlock circular knitting machine In interlock circular knitting

machine, there are two needle bed. One set of needles are mounted on a vertical cylinder & other set of needles are mounted on horizontal dial.

The cylinder and dial needles are interlock of gaiting (the dial needles are face to face between the cylinder needles).

Both cylinder & dial needle bed should have two types of needle (short & long needles).

Generally needle gauge is 20.

1.      Positive feeder.2.      Tooth belt/ Timing belt.3.      Driving wheel.4.      On/Off key.5.      Knot catcher.6.      Tensioner  & magnet.7.      Storeer /Supplier.8.      Feeder.9.      Cylinder.10 . Dial.11. Cylinder needle.12. Dial needle.13. Cylinder cam.14. Dial cam.15. Spreader.16. Take down roller.17. Batch roller/Cloth roller.-

Main parts of interlock circular knitting machine:

 ● Advantages:

Interlock

• Used for under garments • Highly flexible fabric• Soft hand feel • Can adopt any body shape

Feature of rib circular knitting machine In rib circular knitting machine,

there are two needle bed. One set of needles are mounted on a vertical cylinder & other set of needles are mounted on horizontal dial.

The cylinder and dial needles are rib of gaiting (the dial needles are midway between the cylinder needles).

Both cylinder & dial needle bed should have two types of needle (short & long needles).

Generally needle gauge is 18.

Machine parts:  

• Yarn career• Break stop motion• Yarn guides• Dial• Cylinder• Dial cams• Cylinder cams• Dial needles• Cylinder needles• Oiling and air following devices• Sensors• Take up rollers• Batch rollers• Motor• Belts• Pulleys and gears• Clutches

Knitting action: 

1. Clearing: The cylinder and dial needles move out to clear the plain and rib loops formed in the previous cycle. 

2. Yarn feeding: The needles are withdrawn into their tricks so that the old loops are covered by the open latches and the new yarn is fed into the open hooks. 

3. Knocking Over: The needles are withdrawn into their tricks so that the old loops are cast off and new loops are drawn through them.  

Rib

More strengthFor grip purposes Used at neck, arm opening, waist band Always heavier than main fabric

● Advantages:

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