SERIAL NO.NAMEROLL NO.1Munia Jahan1152092Shampa Roy1152973Md. Asif Hasan (Leader)1152124A.K.M. Kamruzzman1152615Md. Farhan Rahman1152636A.B.M. Munibur Rahman1152817Md. Fakruzzaman1153048Sharifur Rahman105315

Bangladesh, officially the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh is a sovereign state located in South Asia.The History of Bangladesh is so flourishing and we achieved our country through many ups and downs .Bangladesh is a unitary and parliamentary democracy with an elected parliament called the Jatiyo Shanshad.Bangladesh is the 8th most populous country and is among the most densely populated countries in the world.Bangladesh has made significant progress in human development in the areas of literacy, gender parity in schooling and reduction of population growth.

We can divide the history of Bangladesh in several parts that is showed below :

In 323 BC, the Nanda Empire and Gangaridai Empire made relation with Alexander.Mahasthangarh was the ancient capital of the Pundra Kingdom at 700 BC.In this period, Bengal came under the control of Delhi as the Mughals conquered it in 1576.Dhaka became a Mughal provincial capital.Mughal period ended in 1803.

During the rule of the emperor Aurangzeb the English East India Company was permitted to establish its base at Kolkata.In 1905 George Curzon divided Bangla into two new provinces (Eastern Bangle and Western Bangle)In 1947 Louis Mountbatten Became the last Viceroy of British India. British India was partitioned and the independent states of India and Pakistan were created in 1947. Pakistan's history from 1947 to 1971 was marked by political instability and economic difficulties.When the state of Pakistan was formed in 1947, its two regions, were split along cultural, geographical, and linguistic lines.

Our mother language is BANGLA.We achieve our mother language due to the language movement which was occurred on 21 February, 1952.UNESCO declared 21 February as international mother language day on 17 November 1999.Since 21 February, 1952 has been observed every year to commemorate the martyrs of the Language Movement.

We achieve our country Bangladesh after a long bloody liberation war.TheBangladesh Liberation War lasted for nine months.A full scale movement of non-cooperation with the military government began on the26th of March, 1971which is celebrated as the Independence Day every year.OnDecember 16, 1971, the Pakistan army surrendered and we celebrate this day as our Victory day.

** Here are some pictures of our Independence war :

Bangladesh is a unitary state and parliamentary democracy. Direct elections in which all citizens, aged 18 or over, can vote are held every five years. The parliamentary building is known as the Jatiyo Sangshad Bhaban and was designed by architect Louis Kahn. Currently the parliament has 345 members including 45 reserved seats for women.

** The present government is Awami League and the Prime minister of Bangladesh is Sheikh Hasina and the President is Dr. Md. Zillur Rahman.

The highest judicial body is the Supreme Court.Justices are appointed by the President. Separation of powers, judicial from executive was finally implemented on the 1st November, 2007.

ELECTIONYEARNAME OF CHIEF ADVISOR 1.1991Justice Shabuddin Ahamed2.1996Justice Habibur Rahman3.2001Justice Latifur Rahman4.2008D.Fokruddin Ahmed

There are 53 political parties in Bangladesh. Major parties are the Bangladesh Awami League and the Bangladesh National Party (BNP). Here is the time of origin of these parties :

NAMEORIGIN YEARBANGLADESH AWAMI LEAGUE1949B.N.P.1976

There are three types of countries in this world. They are : $ Developed countries $ Developing countries $ Underdeveloped countriesBangladesh is one of the developing countries in this world. The economy of Bangladesh is the 31st largest economy in the world as measured be purchasing power parity (PPP).It has made significant strides in its economic sector since its independence in 1971.Bangladeshs economy is the 44th largest in the at US$257 billion according to IMF.

Here is a summary of GDP per capita of Bangladesh given below :The economic system of Bangladesh is mixed economy. The entire economy mostly based on two types of economic sectors.

They are : Agricultural sectorIndustrial sector

YearGDP per capita (US $)2010$ 17002009$ 16002008$ 1500

Most Bangladeshis earn their livings directly or indirectly from agriculture.Rice and Jute are the primary crops.Others are : Tea, Wheat, Potato, Mango, Banana, Onion etc.Jute was once the economic engine of the country.Jute contributed a huge contribution in export earnings of Bangladesh.

Bangladesh is one of the worlds largest producers of :

ProductProduction PositionRice4th Jute2nd Tea11th Potato11th Mango9th Pineapple16th Tropical fruit5th Onion16th Banana17th

Although two-thirds of Bangladeshis are farmers, more than three quarters of Bangladeshs export earnings come from the garment industry.This began attracting foreign investors in the 1980s due to cheap labor and low conversion.Recently Bangladesh has been ranked as the 4th largest clothing exporter by the WTO (The World Trade Organization).During 2001-2002, export earnings from ready-made garments reached $3,125 million, representing 52% of Bangladeshs total exports.

Bangladesh has seen a dramatic increase in foreign direct investment.A number of multinational corporations and local big business houses such as Beximco, Square, Akij Group, Navana Group, have made major investments.In December 2010, the Central Bank of Bangladesh projected GDP growth around 6.5% .Microcredit system through Grameen Bank that is introduced by Muhammad Yunus (NOBEL PRIZE 2006) is the remarkable system in Bangladeshs economy.By the late, Grameen Bank had 2.3 million members along with 2.5 million members of other similar organization.

Bangladesh lies between latitudes 20 and 27N,and longitudes 88 and 93E.She is in the low lying Ganges-Brahmaputra River delta or Ganges delta.This delta is formed by the confluence of the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna rivers and their respective tributes.Bangladesh has 57 trans-boundary rivers, making water issues politically complicated to resolve in most cases a the lower riparian state to India.

In the late, 1970s the Bangladesh govt. began to help develop this new land with Dutch funding.Effort has become a multiagency operation building roads, culverts, cyclone shelters, toilets and ponds, as well as distributing land to settlers.The program will have allotted, some 27000 acres to 21000 families by fall 2010.Straddling the tropic of cancer, Bangladesh climate is tropical.

MonthSeasonOctober MarchMild WinterMarch JuneHot humid summerJune OctoberWarm & humid moonson season

There are different types of natural calamities such as :

Bangladesh persues a moderate foreign policy that places heavily reliance on multinational diplomacy, especially at the United Nations. In 1974 Bangladesh joined both the Commonwealth of Nations and the United Nations has since been elected to serve two terms on the Security Council in 1978-1979 and 2000-2001.SAARC indicates South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation.Bangladesh played a leading role in founding SAARC in 1980s.It was founded in 1985.It was founded to expand relations with other South Asian countries.

Bangladesh has an important and complex relation with India.This relationship is informed by historical and cultural ties.Its formed an important part of the domestic political discourse.Its began on a positive note because of Indias assistance in the independence war and reconstruction.

India constructed Farakka Dam in 1975.It is on the Ganges River 11 miles (18 km) from the Bangladesh border.The dam diverts much needed water from Bangladesh and adds a man-made disaster to the country.The dam also has terrible ecological consequences.

The Military force of our country are divided into three categories. They are : ** Army ** Air force ** Navy

Here is the number of members :

Military forceNumber of membersArmy (including reservists)2,00,000Air force22,000Navy14,950

The Military of Bangladesh performs traditional defense roles.Provide support to civil authorities for disaster relief.Provide internal security during periods of political unrest.

Bangladesh contribute 2300 troops to the coalition that fought in Operation Desert Storm in 1991.As of May 2007, Bangladesh had major deployments in Democratic Republic of Congo, Liberia, Sudan etc.Bangladesh is consistently a top contributor to UN peacekeeping forces around the world.Cooperation between the Military of Bangladesh and the Peoples Liberation Army is also increasing. Bangladesh Military procuring Chinese arms which range from small arms to large naval surface combatants.

Bangladesh represents a dynamic color of floral beauty. There are three types of forests in our country.

They are : Tropical Evergreen and Deciduous Forest Tropical Deciduous Forest Mangrove ForestThis type of forest is available in Chittagong, Chittagong Hill Tracks, Sylhet etc.Chapalish, Garjan, Jarul, Gamar, Bamboo, Telshur are some trees of Tropical Evergreen and Deciduous Forest.

This forest is known as Barendra Bonovumi. It is available in Mymensingh, Tangail and Gazipur.Shal, Chatim, Kurchi, Koroi, Hizol are some trees of Tropical Deciduous Forest. Sundarban is the biggest Mangrove Forest in the world.It is located in Shatkhira, Khulna, Bagerhat, Potuakhali and Bogura.The area of this forest is 5747 square kilometers.Its name Sundarban for the tree Sundari which is mostly available in there.

Goran, Pashur, Dhundal, Geuwa, Keura, Chonpata are some trees of Sundarban as well as Mangrove Forest.

National animal of Bangladesh is The Royal Bengal Tiger.Tropical Evergreen and Deciduous Forest : Elephant, Banuri (one kind of cat), Wild Ox etc.Tropical Deciduous Forest : Bon Morog, Mecho bagh (tiger), Jackel etc.Mangrove Forest : The Royal Bengal Tiger, Crocodile, Deer, Chitra Horin, Ghorial etc.

** Other aspects of Flora Of Bangladesh are given below :National Fish : Hilsha.There are so many others birds in Bangladesh such as Shrimp, Catte, Catfish, Rupchada etc.Shrimp is called White Gold of Bangladesh for its economic value.

National Bird : Magpie.There are so many others birds in Bangladesh such as Cuckoo, Parrot, Mortin, Dove, Crow, Eagle, Bou Kotha Kou, Finge, Chatok etc.

Bangladeshs population growth was among the highest in the world in the 1960s and 1970s, when the country swelled from 50 to 90 million.With the promotion of birth control in the 1980s, the growth rate has slowed.The population of Bangladesh is increasing day by day.The population is relatively young, with 60% being 25 or younger and 3% being 63 or older.Life expectancy is 63 years for both males and females.

YEARMILLION RANK2007-2010150-1648th 1960-197050-9010th 19514411th

The overwhelming majority of Bangladeshis are ethnic Bengalis, compromising 98% of the population.Mostly are Biharis and Indigenous tribal groups.There are thirteen tribal groups located in this group.A small but growing population of Rahingya refugees from Myanmar around Coxs Bazar.

POSITIONTRIBAL GROUPSLargestChakmaLarge (largest outside the hill tracts)Santhals & GarosSmallerMundas, Meiti, Zomi etc.

Nearly all Bangladeshis speak Bangla as their mother tongue.English is used as a second language among the middle and upper classes.The Bihari population speaks Urdu which was the state language of East Pakistan.Bangladesh has the 4th largest Muslim population after Indonesia, Pakistan and India with over 130 million.There is a small Shia and an ever smaller Ahmadia community.

Islam89.7%Hinduism9.2%Christians0.3%Buddhists0.7%Animists0.1%

Districts : Each division has some districts.DHAKA : 16

KHULNA : 10RAJSHAHI : 08

Sylhet : 04RANGPUR : 08

CHITTAGONG : 11BARISHAL : 06

AT A GLANCE :The total Division of Bangladesh is : 07The total District of Bangladesh is : 64The total Upazila of Bangladesh is : 495

DivisionsNumber of UpazilasDhaka121Khulna59Rajshahi66Sylhet46Rangpur58Chittagong96Barishal39

Culture is most commonly used in three basic senses:

Excellence of taste in thefine artsandhumanities, also known ashigh culture. An integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behavior that depends upon the capacity for symbolic thought and social learning. The set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterizes an institution, organization or group.

Festival There are three types of festivals in Bangladesh. They are :1. Religious festivals2. National festivals3. Other festivalsHere are the description about above festivals :

Religious festivals :

Muslim :# Eid - ul - Fiter # Eid - ul - Azha# Durga puza# Shoroshoti puza# Kali puzaHindu :

Christian :# Christmas dayBuddha :# Buddha purnima

# Noboborsho# International Mother Language Day# Independence day # Victory dayNational festivals :

The main food of the people of Bangladesh is Rice and Fish.The others are : * Vegetables * Meat * Sweet meats * Cake etc.The musical tradition of Bangladesh is lyrics based. Types of Music : 1. Tagore songs : Amaro porano jaha chay 2. Nazrul songs : Dur dipo bashini 3. Band songs : LRB, Nogor Baul etc 4. Modern songs : Artcell,Shironamhain etc 5. Folk songs : * Gombhira * Bhatiali * BhawiyaFoodMusic

Dress Men : Panjabi, Lungi, Shirt, T-shirt, Western attire etc.Women : Shari ,Salwar kameez , Western attire etc.Electronic media : * Satellite Channels * FM radio * InternetPrint media : * Daily newspaper * Weekly newspaper * Supplements

Media

The educational system in Bangladesh is three-tiered and highly subsidized.They are : Primary grade is from class 1 to 5.Secondary grade is from class 6 to 10.Higher Secondary grade is from class 11 to 12.

PSC (Primary School Certificate) : It started from 2009. This examination is for those students who are in class 5 and want to admit in Junior Secondary level.JSC (Junior School Certificate) : It started from 2010. This examination is for those students who are in class 8 and want to admit in Secondary level.SSC (Senior School Certificate).HSC (Higher Secondary Certificate).There are four types of board examinations held in the educational system of Bangladesh. They are :There are many Public and Private universities in Bangladesh.

Sector of UniversitiesNumber of UniversitiesPublic Private

Most successful literacy programs are the Food For Education (FFE) introduced in 1993.And a stipend program for women at the primary and secondary levels.According to UNESCO the literacy rate of Bangladesh :

Adult Literacy Rate 2000-2004, Male 50%Adult Literacy Rate 2000-2004, Female31%Adult Literacy Rate 2000-2004, Total41%Youth Literacy Rate 2000-2004, Male58%Youth Literacy Rate 2000-2004, Female41%Youth Literacy Rate 2000-2004, Total50%

Sports is a common form of entertainment. Every country has its own form of sports. Bangladesh also has some kinds of sports that played by the inhabitants of the country. In Bangladesh there are two types of sports that is given below : # Traditional sports # Other sports.Ha-du-du Ha-du-du is also known as Kabadi. This is the national sport of Bangladesh.

BolikhelaLathi khelaNouka baich

CricketCricket is the most popular sport in Bangladesh. Bangladesh National Team 1st participated in ICC world cup in 1999.We have arranged the opening ceremony of ICC World cup 2011.FootballFootball is one of the most spectacular sport in Bangladesh. The National Football Team Of Bangladesh is trying to achieve membership of FIFA.

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