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Transcript of Introduction Lecture1
8/8/2019 Introduction Lecture1
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INTRODUCTION TO TURBO C
LANGUAGEIS104 ± Programming Fundamentals and Data Structures Using C
Ms. Aileen P. de Leon, MIT, MOS
8/8/2019 Introduction Lecture1
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TURBO C is commonly known as C Language programming
developed by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Laboratories in 1972.
Considered machine-independent assembly language
rather than a higher-level language.
Standardized by American National Standards
Institute(ANSI).
Is a compiled language that contains a small set of
built-in functions that are machine dependent.
Composed of one or more functions defined by the
user programmer or the professional programmer
Is a sensitive programming language
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PROGRAM ± is a list of instructions written in a
programming language that a computer can execute so that
the machine acts in a predetermined way.
is a sequence of instructions that can be executed
by a computer.
May refer to the original source code or to the
executable version or known as the machine
language.
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TURBO C LANGUAGE
COMPONENTSIS104 ± Programming Fundamentals and Data Structures Using C
Ms. Aileen P. de Leon, MIT, MOS
8/8/2019 Introduction Lecture1
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COMPILER ± refers to any program that transforms one set
of symbols into another by following a set of syntactic and
semantic rules.
it is a program that translates all the source codes of a
program written in a high-level language into objectcodes prior to the execution of the program.
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DEBUGGER ± is a program designed to help in debugging
another program by allowing the programmer to step through
the program, examine data, and check conditions.
Two Basic Types of Debugger:
MACHINE-LEVEL ± displays the actual machineinstructions(assembly language) and allow the
programmer to look at registers and memory locations.
It is also used for testing a program and locating
programming errors.
SOURCE-LEVEL ± program built for specific-purpose
problems.
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EDITOR ± it is a program designed for altering
sequences of words and numbers, but without the
features of a full-fledged word processing program.
Text editors are used for writing source codes as well
as creating basic text documents.
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BASIC PARTS OF A TURBO C
PROGRAMMINGIS104 ± Programming Fundamentals and Data Structures Using C
Ms. Aileen P. de Leon, MIT, MOS
8/8/2019 Introduction Lecture1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/introduction-lecture1 9/14
HEADER FILES ± files provide function prototype
declarations for library functions.
1. conio.h ± declares various functions used in calling
the Disk Operating System(DOS) console
Input/Output(IO) routines.
2. dos.h ± defines various constants and gives
declarations needed for DOS AND 8086 specific calls.
3. float.h ± contains parameters for floating-point
routines.
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4. graphics.h ± declares prototypes for the graphics
functions.
5. math.h ± declares prototypes for the math functions.
6. mem.h ± declares the memory manipulationfunctions.
7. process.h ± contains structures and declarations for
spawn and executable functions.
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8. stdio.h ± defines types and macros needed for the
standard I/O.
9. stdlib.h ± declares several commonly used routines:
conversion routines, search/sort routines, and other
miscellany.
10. string.h ± declares several string manipulation and
memory manipulation routines.
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#include DIRECTORY ± preprocessor directive instructs
the compiler to include another source file with one that
has the #include directive in it. The source file to beread must be enclosed between double quotes or angle
brackets.
MAIN BODY ± refers to the set of statements in a
computer program at which the execution of the
program begins and from which the execution branches
to the subroutines of the program.
MAIN FUNCTION ± this is the main body of a program
that performs the principal function of a program over
and over until termination is somehow signaled.
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RESERVED WORD ± fixed function and cannot be used for
any other purposes. It may only be used for its intended
purpose; it cannot be used for naming files, variables, or other user-named objects. It has a special meaning to a
program or in a programming language. It can be used only
in a certain predefined circumstances.
PRINTF ± this is a reserved word used to output function
that commands the computer display the message on the
screen which is enclosed in double quotations.
SCANF ± used to read information from the keyboard.
SEMICOLON ± it is used to separate one statement to
another statement.
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GETCH(); - this part gets characters from the keyboard, and
does not echo on the screen.
GETCHE(); - gets characters from the console, and echoes
on the screen.
FILENAME ± refers to the set of letters, numbers, and
allowable symbols assigned a file that distinguishes it from allother files in a particular directory or folder on a disk.
MESSAGE WINDOW ± it lies beneath the edit window and is
used to display various compiler or linker messages.
SYNT AX ERROR ± this is an error in the use of language
syntax; a statement that violates one or more of the
grammatical rules of a language and is thus not legal.