Introduction Into ABAP

7/30/2019 Introduction Into ABAP

1/37

Introduction

ToSAP R/3 and ABAP/4.101ERP

By,Kalyan T.


2/37

Agenda For Todays Session

Introduction to SAP R/3.

Why SAP .

SAP R/3 Architecture.

SAP Implementation Methodology.

Introduction to ABAP/4.

Role of an Abaper

Basics Of ABAP/4.

ABAP Data Dictionary (DDIC) .

Understand What is SAP and its Advantages.

Role of an Abaper

Detail Understanding of Data Dictionary.

Create tables,Domains,data Elements.

After todays session Participants will be able to :


3/37

Here comes your footer Page 3

What is SAP and its History

SAP stands for Systems, Applications and Products in data processing.A German MNC

Headquartered in Walldorf, Germany that makes enterprise software to manage business

operations and customer relations.

10 million users, 30,000 installations, 1000 partners, 21 Industry solutions. Customer world-

wide, mostly Fortune 500 companies. 95% of the top 100 German companies use SAP.

SAP is the fourth largest software company in the world.The SAP R/3 system is a business software package designed to integrate all areas of a

business

The company's best-known software products are:

Enterprise resource Planning application (SAP ERP),

SAP Business Warehouse (SAP BW)

Sybase mobile products and in-memory computing appliance SAP HANA.


4/37

Why SAP ?

SAP software can help you become a best-run business in fact, it's the choice of more

than 80,000small businesses and midsize companies.

Affordable for small businesses and midsize companies

Every business is unique, which is why SAP offer a complete portfolio of business

management and business intelligence solutions designed to fit the business and budget of

customers.

Designed with Each company in mind

SAP solutions for small and midsize companies are designed to be complete. Offering the

breadth and depth of functionality needed to run business, easy to use enabling quick

adoption with little training; and flexible. they can scale and adapt as you grow your

business. Every solution SAP offer is based on best practices learned from more than 35

years of SAP's experience working with best-run companies.

Easy to implement and maintain

From affordable on-premise solutions, to on-demand solutions with a monthly subscription,

SAP solutions can be implemented within weeks by SAP or its large network of qualified

SAP partners.

A Very Big Qestion Why SAP ?


5/37

Why SAP ?

Understand the Digaram

SAP allows customizing the software to

specific needs of the company.

SAP improves upon the business process

efficiencies. SAP has been mainly focusing on

enterprise applications for the last 30 years,

the area where they hold the market leader

spot today across the globe.

SAP makes all the departments to be

integrated more tightly and flow of data isvery clear and simple.


6/37

SAP R/3 Architecture

Server

Client


7/37


SAP R/3 is one of the main product of

SAP, where R stands for Real Time and

the number 3 relates to three tier

application architecture(Data base,

Application Server and Client).

Most of the business in today's world

runs on SAP R/3 system. About 80% of

the companies has implemented this

software.


8/37


Internet communication Manager(ICM)-set up connection to internet. Supports protocol

HTTP,SMTP.

Dispatcher distributes the requests to the work processes. If all the processes are occupied

then the requests are stored in dispatcher queue.

ABAP Work Process executes the ABAP code.

SAP gateway makes the RFC interface between SAP instances available.

Message server exchanges the messages and balances the load.

Scalability

Open Standard Support

Robustness

Components of R/3 :

Features :


9/37


Scalability :

The architecture is such that it can be easily scalable if the load at one server is increased.

As application is independent from the data base and the presentation layer then the servers

can be replicated in order to balance the load.

Gateway component using RFC adds many SAP servers to it.

Open Standard Support :

SAP R/3 architecture is designed to be support most of the open standard available today. It

can run on UNIX,NT,AIX etc.

Customization language used : ABAP/4

Net weaver: ABAP/4 and JAVA

Robustness:

SAP R/3 is highly robust as a whole.

All the components work in the coordinated manner .So they will work as a whole in order to

solve the unexpected scenario.

Features:


10/37

SAP Modules

Few SAP Modules :

Finance Modules :

Financial Accounting (FI) , Controlling(CO) Investment

Management (IM), Treasury (TR), Enterprise

Control(EC).

Logistics Modules :

Material Management(MM), Sales & Distribution (SD),

Production Planning (PP), Quality Management (QM),

Plant Maintenance(PM), Project Systems(PS).

Human Resource Management Modules :

Personnel Management , Organizational Management ,

Payroll Accounting, Time Management, Personnel

Development , Training and Event Management.

Cross Application Modules:

Workflows(WF), IDOCS.


11/37

An Example for Importance of SAP

Role Of SAP

XYZ is a hospital and is in very bad state of management.

The hospitals medical supplies are not supplied on time.

The doctors while writing prescription dont know about the availability of the medicine. It

creates a chaos among attendants. The hospitals financial system is not organized such that there have been incidents of double

payments to doctors and there are higher chances of cash embezzlement also.

The quarterly/half yearly/yearly returns are not filed on time which leads to penal proceedings

against the hospital.

The hospitals hierarchy is so messed up that nobody knows who reports to whom. Due this,

employees do not care for their performance.

Here, the hospital needs an integrated system where all the processes are linked with each

other so that one department knows the current status of the information they require from other

department and data is updated on real time basis.

An ERP (SAP) can help this pitiable hospital.

The Best-Run Businesses Run SAP
https://www.sap.com/india/https://www.sap.com/india/https://www.sap.com/india/https://www.sap.com/india/


12/37

SAP Implementation Methodology

ASAP Methodology Road Map :

ASAP : Accelerated SAP


13/37

ASAP Methodology

ASAP tools are tailor-made for an effective, fast, and well-organized SAP R/3 implementation.The complete implementation process is well documented.

PROJECTPREPARATION

Define Goals & objectiveClarify ScopeStrategy, scheduleResources

BUSINESSBLUEPRINT

Requirement workshops

Document business processDefine Baseline scopeRefine overall schedule

REALISATION System ImplementationTestingRelease it for production

FINAL PREPARATION TestingEnd user trainingSystem managementCut over activities

GO LIVE & SUPPORT Pre production to live productionSupport organisation


14/37

Introduction to ABAP/4

ABAP/4 or ABAP :

Advanced Business Application Programming. It supports 4th generation language.

ABAP is the Back bone of R/3

It is not a case sensitive language. Based on the ABAP language, they developed MM,SD,FI etc modules.

It is a business oriented language.

ABAP Language is developed based on C language

ABAP Source code consists of Statements as well as comments.


15/37

Introduction to ABAP/4

Statement:

A Statement is a combination of operators, operands, variables and keywords.

Operators:

1. Mathematical Operators : + , - ,*, %

2. Comparative : < , > , LT, GT, = , EQ, NE,

3. Relational or Logical Operators : And Or Not

Operands :

Operands are the variables which we need to perform a particular operation.

Key Words :

Calling key words , Controlling , Definition , Declarative , Database, event, Operational.

Comments :

Comments are non executable statements in program they are used to

improve the readability of the program. We use * or for commenting.


16/37

Role Of An Abaper

Types Of Projects:

Implementation : Enhancements, BDC, Smart forms , Reports ,Notes

Support and AMS : Smart forms , Reports , Enhancements, Email Triggering, Notes

Roll Out : Country specific developments, Notes

Upgrade : Spau/Spdd T codes to compare the versions and select the need to activatethe relevant ones, Notes.

B i Of ABAP


17/37

Basics Of ABAP

Data Types:

Predefined

Predefined

Types , Begin of End of , Constants.


18/37

ABAP- Data Dicitonary (SE11)

What is a Data Dictionary?

A data dictionary is a centralized storage

location for information about

the data that is stored in a database.

The main functionality of the Data Dictionary

is to Create the tables as well as alter thetables

Data Dictionary is responsible for data

integrity.

Data Dictionary reduces data redundancy.

Data Dictionary is responsible for work bench

integration.

T code for Data Dictionary is SE11.


19/37

ABAP Data Dictionary

Components Of SE11:

Data Base Table

View

Data Type

Type Group

Domain

Search Help

Lock Object

Two Ways of Creating the Table using DDIC.

Direct Method / Built in type / Predefined Type

Data Element Method.


20/37

Here comes your footer Page 20

Database Utility

DatabaseUtility

Database

The database utility provides the interface between the ABAP Dictionary andthe underlying database management system (DBMS).


21/37

ABAP Data Dictionary - Domain

Domain :Domain is the combination of DataType and Length . It gives technical details.

Steps to Create Domain :

Se11 > select radio button domain >

provide z name for the domain>

click on create button.

We can provide F4 help

Predefined values and dropdown values

These are created or defined in the values tab

of domain.


22/37

ABAP Data Dictionary Domain

Value Table

In some cases you already know when you

define a domain that all the fields referring to

this domain should be checked against a certain

table.

This information can be stored in the domain byentering a value table.

It's a field in a domain it helps in domain level

data validation.

When ever you use this Domain, the system

will forces you to enter only these values.

ABAP D t Di ti D t El t


23/37

ABAP Data Dictionary Data Element

Data Element :

Data element gives information about

semantic attributes.

Its a combination of Domain + Label

Description.

Select the radio button data type and give the

Z name for creating the data element.

The following Screen pops up. Select the radio

button Data element.

ABAP D t Di ti


24/37

ABAP Data Dictionary

Methods of Creating the Table:

Direct method or Built-in type or predefined

type:

Direct data type has the following drawbacks:

Table to Table relation is not possible.

Data in current R/3 can't be communicated

with another R/3.

Data Element Method:

Domain:

Domain is the combination of Data

Type and Length . It gives technical details

Data Element:

Data Element is the combination of

Domain and Short Description. It holds the

semantic details.

ABAP D t Di ti D t B T bl


25/37

ABAP Data Dictionary Data Base Table

Technical Requirements to create the

Custom table:

1. Name of the Custom table (Any

Custom development in SAP should start

with Y or Z)

2. Enter the list of fields, data types and

length.3. Provide Delivery Class.

4. Provide the Technical Settings.

Data Class

Size Category

We can create a Z table using already

existing data elements or create Z data

elements and use them for creating a Z

table.



26/37


Create a Z table using existing data

elements:

Se11> select database tables radio

button>give a Name starting with Y or Z >

click on create button.

Provide Short description and maintain

data in delivery and maintenance TAB.



27/37


Delivery Class :

The delivery class controls the transport of table data when installing or upgrading, in a client

copy and when transporting between customer systems. The delivery class is also used in the

extended table maintenance.

Types of Delivery Class :A: Application table (master and transaction data).

C: Customer table, data is maintained by the customer only.

L: Table for storing temporary data.

G: Customer table, SAP may insert new data records, but may not overwrite or delete existing

data records. The customer namespace must be defined in table TRESC. (Use Report

RDDKOR54 here).

E: System table with its own namespaces for customer entries. The customer namespace mustbe defined in table TRESC. (Use Report RDDKOR54 here.)

S: System table, data changes have the same status as program changes.

W: System table (e.g. table of the development environment) whose data is transported with its

own transport objects (e.g. R3TR PROG, R3TR TABL, etc.).



28/37


Behaviour of Z tables during Client copy based on Delivery Class:

Classes C, G, E, S: The data records of the table are copied to the target client.

Classes W, L: The data records of the table are not copied to the target client.

Class A: Data records are only copied to the target client if explicitly requested (parameter

option). Normally it does not make sense to transport such data, but is supported to permit you

to copy an entire client environment.Behaviour during installation, upgrade and language import

The behaviour differs here for client-specific and cross-client tables.

Client-specific tables

Classes A and C: Data is only imported into client 000. Existing data records are overwritten.

Classes E, S and W: Data is imported into all clients. Existing data records are overwritten.

Class G: Existing data records are overwritten in client 000. In all other clients, new data records

are inserted, but existing data records are not overwritten.Class L: No data is imported.

Cross-client tables

Classes A, L and C: No data is imported.

Classes E, S, and W: Data is imported. Existing data records with the same key are overwritten.

Class G: Data records that do not exist are inserted, but existing data records are not

overwritten.



29/37


Table MaintenanceDefinition

This indicator specifies whether it is possible to display/maintain a table or view using the

maintenance tools.

Data Browser (transaction SE16)

Table view maintenance (transactions SM30 and SM31).

The indicator can be set for database views, projection views, maintenance views, maintenance

view variants, and tables (referred to as Dictionary objects' below) using transaction SE11.

Note: The indicator is not available for help views since they are not relevant to SE54 and are

used for search functions.



30/37


Table Maintenance

Display/maintenance not allowed

The usage of standard table maintenance tools is not allowed.

Maintenance and display of this Dictionary object is not possible in transaction SE16.

Transaction SE54 does not allow the generation of a maintenance dialog.

Calling transactions SM30/SM34 for this Dictionary object is no longer possible.

Display/maintenance allowed to limited extent

Usage of standard table maintenance tools is allowed to a limited extent.

Transaction SE16 allows the display function for this Dictionary object.

No maintenance generation for this Dictionary object is possible using transaction SE54.

Transaction SM30 does not allow maintenance and display functions for this Dictionary object

Display/maintenance allowed

The usage of standard table maintenance tools is allowed:Transaction SE16 allows the maintenance and display functions for this Dictionary object.



31/37


Enhancement Category:

Structures and tables that were defined by

SAP in the ABAP Dictionary can be enhanced

subsequently by customers using Customizing

includes or append structures. The

enhancements do not only refer to structures/

tables themselves, but also to dependent

structures that adopt the enhancement as an

include or referenced structure.



32/37


Enhancement Category

Cannot be enhanced

The structure must not be enhanced.

Can be enhanced or character type

All structure components and their enhancements must be character-type (C, N, D, or T). The

original structure and all enhancements through Customizing includes or through append

structures are subject to this limitation.

Can be enhanced or character-type or numeric

The structure and its enhancement must not contain any deep data types (tables, references,

strings).

Can be enhanced in any way

The structure and its enhancement may contain components whose data type can be of any

type.

After Selecting the Enhancement category we need to maintain the technical settings of the table.



33/37


Technical SettingsTechnical Settings defines where the table

should be stored, Size category and how it

is buffered and type of buffering used.



34/37


Technical Settings:Data Class:

Data class in technical settings

The data class defines the physical area of the database in which your table is logically stored.

If you choose a data class correctly, your table will automatically be assigned to the correct area

when it is created on the database.

The most important data classes are:

APPL0 Master Data

APPL1 Transaction data

APPL2 Organizational and customizing data

Master data is data which is frequently read, but rarely updated.

Transaction data is data which is frequently updated.

Organizational und customizing data is data which is defined when the system is initialized and

then rarely changed.There are two more data classes available, USR and USR1. These are reserved for user

developments.

Size category

The size category determines the probable space requirement for a table in the database.

You can select the categories 0 to 4 for your table.

Queries


35/37

Queries

Any Queries

Quick Test


36/37

Quick Test

What are the functions of the ABAP Dictionary ?

What are the basic objects of the ABAP Dictionary ?

What is the database utility ?

What should be the starting letter of any Custom Development?

What is Domain ?What is Data Element ?

How many approaches are there in Creating Z table ?

What is Foreign Key Relation ship ?

What is Value Table ?

What are Technical Settings of Table ?


37/37

By,

Kalyan T.

Thank You
http://www.ppt-vorlagen.de/

Introduction Into ABAP

Documents

Transcript of Introduction Into ABAP