Introduction, Grammar, and Sample Sentences for Dagur · Introduction, Grammar, and Sample...
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SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS
Number 56 November, 1994
Introduction, Grammar, and Sample Sentences for Dagur
by Üjiyediin Chuluu
(Chaolu Wu)
Victor H. Mair, Editor Sino-Platonic Papers
Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, PA 19104-6305 USA [email protected] www.sino-platonic.org
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Sino-Platonic Papers, 56 (November, 1994)
Introduction, Grammar, and Sample Sentences for Dagur
~ j i ~ e d i i n Chuluu (Chaolu Wu)
University of Toronto
I. Introduction
The following materials have been translated and edited by the author based on the three books: Dayur kele ba mong yo1 kele [Dagur and Mongolian languages], Da yur kelen-
u iige kelelge-yin materiyal [Language Materials for Dagur] and Dayur kelen-ii iiges
[Vocabularies of Dagur language] all written by Engkebatu, Native Dagur, Institute for
Mongolian Language Studies, The University of Inner Mongolia, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia,
People's Republic of China. The materials are in four parts: Introduction, Grammar,
Sentence, and Selected Bibliographies.
The Dagur are a minority people living in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
Heilongjiang and Xinjiang provinces in People's. Republic of. China. Their total population is 94,014. In Morin dabaya Autonomous Banner, Kolon boir League1 of Inner
Mongolia live 58,611. In Tsitsikhar, Heilongjiang live 30,192 and 4369 in Tacheng
County, Xinjiang.2
The Dagur language belongs to the Mongolic branch of Altaic languages. Dagur is
usually divided into Butkha, Tsitsikar, Hailar, and Xinjiang, four dialects? Three books
mentioned above were written mostly based on the Butkha dialect, which is the most widespread of the four dialects, spoken in Morin dabaya Autonomous Banner and some
areas in Heil~ngjiang.~
Since there is a close historical and linguistic relationship between the Dagur and the
Mongols, there has been a dispute about whether Dagur is a dialect of Mongolian or an
independent language within the Mongolian languages. In the recent studies, Dagur has
been mostly regarded as one of the Mongolian languages? Dagur has many similarities in
phonetics, grammatical structure, and vocabulary with the other languages of the Mongolian
languages, especially, with Mongolian itself.
Most of the vowels in Dagur have similar corresponding vowels in either classical or
modem Mongolian. For example:
Vowel Dagur Classical Mongolian Translation
[a] alt alta 'gold'
[o] ore: oroi 'evening'
l ~ e a ~ u e and Bannar are administrative counties in Inner Mongolia. 2~ngkebatu (l988), p. 1 1. 3~ngkebatu (1988). p. 23. Dividing up the dialects of Dagur is different in the literature. For example, Poppe (1965, p. 9) lists three: Hailar, Butkha, Tsitsikar. Zhong (1982, p. 1) lists two: Butkha and Tsitsikar. Sun (1988, p. 560) lists three: Butkha (including Hailar), Tsitsikar, and Xinjiang.
4~ngkebatu (1988), p. 23. 5 ~ u n Zu (1988. p. 559) also mentions that since Dagur has many similarities not only with the Mongolian languages but also with the Manchu-Tungusic languages, Dagur is classified as either a dialect of Mongolian or one of the Manchu-Tungusic languages.
[a] ar er-e 'man'
[il irnx irnay -a 'goat'
[ail ail ay il 'village'
[oil noir noyir 'sleep' [au] g aul j y auli 'copper'
Vowel Dagur
[ad xdal
[a11 xax [ i:] bi:
[u:l dux-
Modem Mongolian xdal 'life'
xa=r ' field'
bi: 'I'
dux- 'to be full'
Morphologically, Dagur and Mongolian also share many similarities. For instance,
plural, case, tense, verbal, and converbal suffixes found in Dagur are all similar to those
corresponding suffixes in Mongolian with respect to their forms and meanings. As shown
in the following lists, plural and case suffixes in Dagur and Mongolian are mostly identical:
Dagur
Plural -sul
-nur
-tJe:n
-r
Case GEN. -id-ui/-~i
DAT. -d ACC. -id-igu
INS. ax/-or/-ax
ex/-j ax/-J ax
ABL. -as/-m(s)
COM. -ti:(te:)
Classical Mongolian Modem Mongolian
-Eul-Eiil -t(ud/-tJiid
According to comparative studies on the Dagur and Mongolian languages, more
than 45% of the Dagur vocabulary either has a similar origin or is exactly the same as
Mongolian words.6 For example (Engkebatu 1988, p. 487-88):
6~ngkebatu (1988: 486) collected 7463 words and among them 2502 words have the same origin as Mongolian words. Also see Sun Zu 1988, p. 560.
Dagur gar]
ku 1 j
aurkj
am
aY
ay nak
xaur
udur
Xar xulxn
aul
abl. aux. cont. dat . imf. gen. pef.
Classical Mongolian y ar-a
kiil
ayusgi
ama
aqa eke
nige
qabur
edur
qara ulagan
ay ula
emegel
Ablative Case Auxiliary verb Contemporal Dative-locative Case Imperative Form Genitive Case Perfective Past Tense Form Reciprocal
Modem Mongolian
Yar kiil
ex
nig xau ar
udar
Abbreviations
acc. cau. com. dtp- impf. npt. per. ptl. ref.
Accusative Case Causative Comitative Case Deductive Particle Imperfective Converb Non-past Tense Form Personal Suffix Particle Reflexive-possessive
Translation 'hand'
'food'
'lungs'
'mouth' 'elder brother'
'mother'
'one'
'spring'
'day'
'black' 'red'
'mountain'
' saddle'
con. comp. ins. itp. neg. PI. pas. ter .
Affirmative Particle Conditional Completive Instrumental Case Interrogative Particle Negative Plural Suffix Passive Terminal
11. Grammar
1. Vowels
Dagur has seven simple vowels and seven corresponding long vowels and seven diphthongs.
simple vowel Long vowel Diphthong [a] 'take' [afJ 'yogurt' [ail ail 'village'
[o] tos 'oil' [o:] to:s 'dust ' [oil noir 'sleep'
[a] amal 'front' [a:] ama:I 'saddle' [ail xais 'wind'
[el 3etJ 'heap' [e:] %eg 'second' [ui] buil 'alveolar'
[i] xitJ 'shy' [i:] xig 'do' [au] aul 'mountain'
[u] xu1 'remnant' [u:] xu9 'blow' [au] aud 'door'
The Description of Simple Vowels
[a] Low back unrounded vowel. [el Mid-high front unrounded vowel.
[0] Low-mid back rounded vowel. [i] High front unrounded vowel. [a] Mid central vowel. [u] High back rounded vowel.
2. Consonants
2.1 Consonant Contrasts in Dagur
[Tb] bal- 'berry' [p] pal 'shoot'
bar- 'finish'
[t] tar 'flash' [dl dar- 'press'
[g] gar 'house' [k] kar 'reindeer skin'
gar- 'get out' [q] gar 'must' [ a ] dp.r 'sixty'
[s] sar 'month' u ] Jar 'yellow'
[XI xar 'black' [w] war- 'enter'
ul jar L ~ ~ a r ' [m] mar- 'pick up'
[n] nar 'sun' [l] lar 'fail'
[r] aur 'air' [JJ] niggan 'thin'
2.2 The description of Consonants [b] Bilabial unaspirated plosive [p] Bilabial aspirated plosive
[dl Alveolar unaspirated plosive [t] Alveolar aspirated plosive
[g] Velar unaspirated plosive F] Velar aspirated plosive [4] Palato-alveolar unaspirated affricative [tJ] Palato-alveolar aspirated affricative
[fl Labiodental voiceless fricative [ s] Alveolar voiceless fricative
u] Palato-alveolar voiceless fricative [x] Velar voiceless fricative
[w] Bilabial voiced fricative b] Palatal voiced fricative approximant
[m] Bilabial Nasal [n] Alveolar Nasal [g] Velar nasal [I] Alveolar lateral approximant
[r] Alveolar Trill
2.3 Palatalized Consonants
The consonants b, m, d, t, n, 1, r, g, k, x all have the corresponding palatalized
consonants and these palatalized contrast and nonpalatalized consonants contrast with each other in Dagur. For example (Engkebatu 1988, p. 13 1):
palatalized tabj
am]
mjagga
bodj
djald
t jak
t alj
a1 j
g arj
g arj
kjad
kjor
g 'ad
xjat
'fifty'
'life'
'thousand'
'prairie'
'late'
'tired'
'herd'
'which'
'house'
'hand'
'string bag'
'honey'
' separate'
'break'
nonpalatalized tab 'pass through'
am 'mouth'
m a w 'capable' bod- ' think'
dald 'thimble'
tak 'horseshoe'
tal 'grassland'
a1 'lull'
gar 'torch'
gar- 'go out' karl 'reason'
kor 'poison'
gad- 'clear sky'
xat 'tie, bind'
2.4 Labialized Consonants
Some consonants also have the corresponding labialized consonants and the
labialized and nonlabialized consonants contrast with each other in Dagur. For example
(Engkebatu 1988, pp. 136-37).
Labialized Non-labialized mwa=r 'shaft of a cart' mar 'eat'
dwar 'desire' dar- 'press'
twa=l 'account' tad 'love'
swar 'flea' sar 'moon'
kwa: 'yard' ka= 'side of window'
xwal 'bed' xal 'surname'
+"ax 'mix' c!3rcc 'musk'
qWak 'green grass' ?f& 'the back of knee'
3. Plural s u f h Suffix Example Translation -sul akix-sul 'elder brothers'
-nur dau-nur 'younger brothers'
-tJea dayjda:-t(ea 'people living at the
upper reaches of a river' dwari y dx-tJem 'people living at the lower
4. Case Suffix Case Nominative
Genitive
Dative -d
Accusative
Instrumental
Ablative
kaku-r
u.t(i:a-r
Suffix -0 -kJq$-ji
-d-uj/-j i
-i:ju/-uiju/-ju
-ax/-ox/-ax
-ex
-jax/-jar
-a=r(s)/-o=r(s)/a:r(s)
-ex(s)
-jax(s)/-j az(s)
Comitative -ti=/- te:
Terminative -gax/-gax
Definite locative -kaJal/-kakal -k&Y-k&=
Indefinite locative -a=tan/-oSan/-afian
Originative - a-ta~(s)/-o=tax(s)/
-a=ta:r(s)
-efia~(s)/-e~a=r(s)
-j a~ax(s)/-j aaax(s)
reaches of a river' 'children'
'teenagers '
Example Translation mo:d 'tree'
mo:d-i: 'of treett
mo:d-d 'to tree'
mo:d-i:ju 'tree'
mo~d-ox 'with tree'
'from tree'
'with tree'
'as mountain'
'at mountain'
'at mountain'
'from mountain'
5. Reflexive-Possessive Suffix 5.1 Possessive Suffix
Suffix Example
1 st person Singular -rninj mori-rninj
Plural -mad/-namj mori - m a d
2nd person Singular - l id mori
Plural -tad/- t an j mori-tad
3rd person -inj/-j inj -mori-id
5.2 Reflexive Suffix
Suffix Example -a=/-o=/-a: Jar-a:
6. Tense and Aspect Suffix
Suffix Example Non-past -bail- w ai jau-wai
past -n - san jau-san
Present progressive *a:bai/-tJa:bai j au-4a:bai
4 d - q a:n
Past progressive 4a:san jau-%asan
7. Personal Suffix
Suffix Example
Non-pas t
1st person Singular -wail- w jau-w
-baibi/-bbi
-waibi/-wbi
Plural - u7 a: jau-wax
-baiba=/-bba: jau-b-da:
Translation
'my horse'
'our horse'
'your horse'
'your horse'
'his (their) horse'
Translation 'one's own face'
'one's own hand'
'one's own livestock'
Translation ygo'
'went'
'is going'
'was going'
Translation
'I go'
'We go' (Exclusive)
'We go' (Inclusive)
2nd person Singular - baiJi/- bJi/-bJ jau-bai-Ji 'You go'
- w ail/-wJi
Plural -baitad-btx jau-bai-ta: 'You go'
3rd person -baisul/-bsul jau-bai-sul 'They(he) go'
Past
1st person Singular -sanbi/-sanmi jau-san-bi 'I went'
Plural -sanbad-sanma: j au-san-ba: 'We went' (Exclusive)
-sand&-sanna: j au-san-da: 'We went' (Inclusive)
2nd person Singular -sanJi/-sanJ jau-san-J 'You went'
Plural -santa: jau-san-ta: 'You went'
3rd person -sansul/-bsul jau-san-sul 'They went'
Present progressive
1st person Singular +a:wai/%anv u%-4a:wai 'I am seeing'
4a:bbi
-c&c-waibi/-+awbi
Plural +anva: u4+a:-war 'We are seeing' (Exclusive)
4 a I b b z
+awba:
-3arbda: u94a:b-da: 'We are seeing7(Inclusive)
2nd person Singular 4a:bbaiJi@arbJi u+-+arb-Ji 'You are seeing'
Plural -%zbaitad-4aIbta: u3-$a:b-ta: 'You are seeing'
-d3awtaI
3ed person -4a:baisuV-4a:bsul ue+a:b-sul 'They are seeing'
Past progressive
1st person Singular +a:sanbi/ u+-%arsan-bi 'I am seeing'
-earsanmi
Plural -3a:sanbad ue-$asan-ba: 'We are
-3 itsanma: seeing' (Exclusive)
2nd person Singular
Plural
3rd person
8. Verbal Noun Suffix
Imperfective
Present progressive
Perfective
Past progressive
Agentive
Probable
9. Converb Suffix Imperfective
Perfective
Completive
Model
Objective
Conditional
Concessive
Contemporal
Terminal
Prospective
Immediate
-dgcsandad u%-dpsan-da: 'We are
-% a:sanna: seeing7 (Inclusive)
-4 azsanJi u 4 9 x s a n - J i 'You are seeing'
3 a:santa: u%+a:san-ta: 'You are seeing'
+ a:sansull u3-@a:san-sul 'They are seeing'
Suffix Exarrgle
-Y U waild-yu
4 a ~ u waild-4a,ru -sad-tad-lad-nan waild-san
-%asan waild-$ a:san
-a9J/-oztj/-a1t$ waild-a$f
- e g
-y aIy/-yaIq
-mxjar
4 3 i :
-a=r/o=r/-ax/-ex
-y ax/-y ax
-n
-ya:ned-y ame:
-yua=r
-a:s/-o:s/-as/-e:s
-y as/-ya:s
-tyaiq (iy)/-je:J
-m,-mki:, -mi:,
-rnkli:, -mdar, -mdal
-tal
-tlaned-tlame:
-madcan/-markan
-mad-max
-x+ ax/-01% ax/
-a:dpr/-e:ctgax
waild-n
waild-y a:ne:
waild-ty aitJ
waild-m
waild-tal
Abtemporal
10. Imperative Suffix
Voluntative
Imperative Concessive
Dubitative
11. Voice Form
Active
Causative
Passive
Reciprocal
Suffix Example
-ja: jau-ja: -yam/-yam jau-yxnrnid
-tu jau-tu -tyai jau-tyai
-y ui jau-yui
Suffix Example -0 uct5
-1yad-lya: u4-lya:
-yd-ya:
-ad-ad-od-e:
-rd u 3 -rd
-It( uct5-lY
Translation 'I go'
'I will go'
'You go!' 'Let them go'
'He may forgot'
Translation 'see'
'cause to see'
'be seen'
'see each other'
111. Sentences
The sentences listed below are all from Engkebatu (1985: 3-46). Originally, They
are Dagur sentences with Mongolian interlinear transcription and Chinese translation. Here
the examples begin in a romanization of Dagur, then they are in both interlinear transcription
and translation into English. When translating an individual word, I also consulted Sun
(1990).
1. ana jo: ? this what
What is this 2. ana mini bitay ?
this my book
This is my book. 3. tar nak dabtlen bitay, (iniry ja: ?
that one book book yours rrp
Is that your book ? 4. bi(in, miniry biJin, Jiniry
NEG mine ~ u ; yours
No, it is not mine, it's yours. 5. ana nak dabtlea bitay ja: ?
this one book book ITP
Is this a book ? 6. bi(in biJin, tar bitay xi:-yu dabtlen. tar mini bitay xi:-yu dabt1e:n-mini
NEG NEG that book do-IMPF book that my book do-IMPF book-PER
No. that is not a book. That is my notebook. 7 i anin-Ji ?
you who-PER
Who are you ? 8. bi: $e&, bi: Tujar-bi
I student I Tuyaa-PER
I am a student and my name is Tuyaa. 9. tar ujin xu: bas Jebj ja: ?
that female person also student rn Is that woman also a student ?
10. bijin, tar bi$in, tar sab. NEG she ~ T G she teacher
No, she is not. She is a teacher. 11. tar xu: sab bi(in, ctguyj-bai ja: ?
that person teacher not right-NPT ITP
He is not a teacher, right ?
12. auyj-bai, tar sab biJin tar amyun bas sab biJin right-m he teacher NEG that woman also teacher NEG
You are right, he is not a teacher and neither is she. 13. tar olur jamar xu: ?
that people what person
What do they do? 14. bi: ul mada-n, tar sab jum wo: ? (abj jum wo: ?
I NEG know-m they teacher AFP m student Am ITP
I don't know whether they are teachers or a students. 15. ana gub (inj 4ak-(inj ja: ?
this all your belongings-PER 1TP
Are these your belongings? 16. ana %ak-sul-d miniv bas bai, aka:-jiry-mini bas bai
this t h i n g - p ~ - ~ ~ ~ mine also AUx elder brother-GEN-PER also AUX
Some of these things are mine and some of them are my elder brother's. 17. ana gotJox miniry biJin, aka:-jiv-minj biJin, xan-jiry-i: ul mada-n
this boot mine too NEG bro the r -GE~-~~~ too NEG who-GEN-ACC NEG know-NPT
This pair of boots is not mine and it is not my elder brother's either. I don't know whose it is. 18. (i: ~ l akan usuyw Jada-b-(i ja: ?
you Chinese language be able-NPT-PER ITP
Can you speak Chinese ? 19. Jad-bai, ut(a:k (ad-bai
be able little be able-M
Yes, I speak little bit 20. (id xu:-Jinj ~lakan usuyw (ad-bai ja: ?
your wife-PER Chinese language be able-m ITP
Can your wife speak Chinese ? 21. ul (ada-n, in waxa-1 usuyw lad-bai
NEG be able-NP~ she own-~n. language be able-NP~
No, she cannot, she can only speak our language. 22. (inj agar-(inj xa:na bai ?
your father-PER where AUX
Where is your father ? 23. minj atJa:-mini garj-da: bai, minj awa:-mid bas gar-da: bai
my father-PER home-REF AUX my mother-PER also home-REF be
My father is at home and my mother is also at home. 24. Ji: 3ak-a: xana tali-lan-Je: ?
you thing-REF where put-PST-PER
Where did you put your things ?
25. id-y u $ak xo: gu:su-d bai, baitla-yu 4 a k (ira: dax bai eat-IMPF thing all cupboard-DAT AUX use-IMPF thing table on be
The food is in the cupboard and the things for use are on the table. 26. and xoir bandan bai ja: ?
here two chair AUX ITP
Are there two chairs here ? 27. xoir biJin, gwarab bai
two NEG three AUX
No, they are not two, but three chairs. 28. Ji: ja: ?
you tea-PER ITP
Do you have tea ? 29. na:d bai tand-a: ada: 9e:-ja: xana bai-ji-nw mad-yu uwai-bi
me AUX there-REF now tea-REF where AUX-ACC-REF know IMPF NEG-PER
Yes, I have, but I don't know where it is. 30. (i: xar satanti:-Ji ja: ?
you black sugar-PER ITP
Do you have brown sugar ? 3 1. na:d xar satan uwai, tfiy a x satan bai
me black sugar NEG white sugar aux
No, I don't; I have white sugar. 32. ana udur jamar udur ?
this day what day
What is the date today ? 33. ana udur utkai mjqga isan 4 a u najin xon-i: 4akunbe: Jinan, JintJi: wu.7
this day exact thousand nine hundred eighty year-GEN August new moon Friday
Today is Friday, August 1, 1980. 34. Ji: jarnar xon-d u3i-rd-san-Je: ?
YOU which year-DAT born-PAS-PST-PER
Which year were you born in ? 35. bi: mjqga isan 3 a u gogin gWarabdax xom nadanbe: (inan gwarban-d u3i-rd-tan-bi
I thousand nine hundred thlrty thlrd year July new moon-DAT born-PAS-PST-PER
I was born on July 3, 1933. 36. tar x 3 a : and-a:r jau-san ?
he when here-ABL leave-PST
When did he leave ? 37. bi: jerye:n udur-i-nj mart-san, nidanj dgwa:be: a:-san bai9e:.
1 exact day-ACC-REF forgot-PST last year February be-PST AUX-DTP
7~hinese, Xingqiwu.
I forget the exact date. Probably, he left last February. 38. xadan arin bol-lan ? xoir arin bol-lan, e u y j-bai ja: ?
how many time be-ps~ two o'clock be-PST right-NFT AUX ITP
What time is it ? It is two o'clock, isn't it ? 39. bi: ul mada-n, mid bjau8-mid xordun, Jiniry gWaida~.
1 NEG know-NPT my watch-PER fast yours slow
I don't know. My watch is fast, but yours is slow. 40. mini body-ox xoir arin-ax xadan fun9 du1a:-e-a-bai
my thought-INS two time-ABL several minute pass-IMPF-AUX-NPT
I think it is several minutes passed two o'clock. 4 1. uwai, xoir arin kur-y u udem.
NEG two o'clock reach-~MPF NEG
No, it is not two o'clock yet. 42. Jinj &au-(inj xarban fun kur-y u xordun
your watch-PER ten minute reach-WF fast
Your watch is ten minutes fast. 43. jay gwarban arin boly-ox bJau-ja: tolo:-yame:
exactly three o'clock be-INS watch-REF compare-IMF
When it is exactly three o'clock, let us compare our watches. 44. bi: jau-yu arin-mid bol-lan, bi: xar tj xi:+i: arini-da: kur-wai
I leave-IMPF time-PER be-PST I whatsoever time-DAT reach-rn
It is time I must leave. I have to be on time. 45.Ji: ul djallan-tan-Ji,arinbas 3rd a:%-a:-bai
you NEG ~ ~ ~ ~ - P S T - P E R time also early be-nux-m
You will not be late; it is still early. 46. bi: nak arin b o d e o t 3 tam-d it(-ja:
I one time arrange-IMPF you-DAT go-IMF
I want to make an appointment to see you. 47. Jint(iwu:10-jar biJin jarnar tJ udur itf-yu-d-Jinj xo: bol-bai
Friday-ABL except whichever day go-IMPF-DAT-PER all be-NP~
Except for Friday, you can visit me any day. 48. Ji: joke: xiy bol-lan-Je: ?
you how big be-PST-PER
How old are you ? 49. bi: xorin ta1wuti:-bi
I twenty ~~W-PER
I arn25.
khinese. Biao. 9~hinese. Fen. Ochinese. Xingqiwu.
50. finj aka:-(id dugin nas kur-yu udem, quyj-bai ja: ? your elder brother-PER forty age reach-IMPF h W right-rn rrp
Your elder brother is not forty yet, is he ? 5 1. bi: (am-ax- xoir-ox ay-bi, rninj dau-mini nam-ax xoir-ox- uJkan
1 you-AeL two-ABL elder-PER my brother-PER me-ABL two-INS small
I am two years older than you and my younger brother is two years younger than you. 52. tar xoir nak nas, gub xonj eilti:.
he two one age all sheep year.
They two are the same age and both of them were born in the year of the sheep. 53. mini aka:-mini akan xiy -in. bi: ~lalkinibi
my sister-PER most big-REF 1 small-PER
My elder sister is the oldest one and I am the youngest one in the family. 54. minj ujin dau-minj tara:w-ax gwarb-ax dau, (id aka:-Jid taranv-ax
my female brother her-ABL three-ABL young your sister-PER her-ABL ta:wun nas-ax xiy five age-ABL big
My younger sister is three years younger than she is and your elder sister is five years elder
than she is. 55. finj uq-yu-d bi: joke: nasti1-bi:.
YOU See-IMPF-DAT I how many age-PER
Guess how old I am. 56. bi: u4-yu-d (i: tabjti:-~i
I guess-IMPF-DAT YOU fifty-P~R
I think you are fifty. 57. daye: (in$: si:ll-d buyul dutfin dolo: nas bol-wai
next Thursday-DAT full forty seven age be-wr
Next Thursday I will be exactly forty seven. 58. (i: nuyur au-san-Ji ja: ?
you wife take-ps~-PER ITP
Are you married ? 59. (i: xail-lan-(i ja: ?
YOU marry-PST-PER lTP
Are you married ?
60. bi: xail-ya:-yu uden-mi. bi: gafka: baj-a: a:4 - x-wai I marry-CAU-IMPF NEG-PER I only body-REF be-AUX-PST
No, I am not married, I am still a bachelor. 6 1. bi: xail-y u ude:-mi
I marry-IMPF NEG-PER
~ h i n e s e . Xingqisi.
No, I am not married. 62. garj-da: xadan qgal-ta: ?
f a m i l y - ~ ~ ~ how many people-PER
How many people are there in your family ? 63. ba: garj-da: dolo: aggal-ba:
we family-REF seven people-PER
There are seven people in my family. 64. minj ujin dau-mini naktaz- xail-a xoir xom bol-lan
my female brother-PER already marry-MPF two year be-PST My younger sister has been married for two years.
65. tar xama (xand) xail-lan she where (whom) marry-PST
Who did she marry ? 66. tar nak tula:$i:12 galj-a-a-y u xu:- d xail-lan
she one tractor drive-IMPF-AUX-IMPF PerSon-DAT InXIY-PST
She married a tractor driver. 67. tad utJkar-ti: ja:
they children rrp
Do they have any children ? 68. tad ordon sar-d nak urtJkar-ti: bol-lan
they last month-DAT one child be-PST
They just had a baby last month. 69. minj kakw-mid niggunbe:-d xail-ya:-bai al-4-a-bai
my Son-PER J U ~ ~ - D A T marry-CAU-NPT Say-IMPF-AUX-NPT
My son plans to get married in June. 70. tad x e a : xolbuy-o: torto:-yu uden
they when rmrry-IMPF-REF decide-MPF NEG
They have not decided when they will get married. 7 1. tada-nj omuli-inj xo: xiy bol-lan
they-GEN grandchild-REF all big be-PST
Their grandchildren are all grown up. 72. Ji: xana u+i-rd-tan-Je: ?
you where born-PAS-PST-PER
Where were you born ? 73. bi: and-ax wairkan a:-%-a-yu u p a n gja: g 4 i . r u3i-rd-tan-mi
1 here-ABL near be-IMPF-AUX-IMPF small street place born-PAS-PST-PER
I was born in a small town not far from here. 74. Ji: xaaa xu: bol-lan-Je: ?
you where human be-PST-PER
2~hinese. Tuolaji
Where did you grow up ?
75. bi: matar ana ail-d xu: bol-lan-mi I also this village-DAT human be-PST-PER
I grew up in this village. 76. minj aka=-minj uJkan-da: gja:-d a:-san
my older brother-PER small-REF city-DAT be-PST My older brother spent his childhood in the city.
77. tar gja:-d xarban dolo~i : bol-tl-a: a:-san he city-DAT ten seven b e - m - p ~ ~ ~ ~ - P S T
He had lived in the city until he was seventeen years old. 78. (i: xa:na a:-4-a-b-(e: ?
you where live-IMPF-AUX-NFT-PER
Where do you live ? 79. bi: ail-i: amal baj-d a:-3-a-yu nak gja~lan wa:s xa i4 garj-d
1 village-GEN south side-DAT be-IMPF-AUX-IMPF one bedroom brick make house-DAT
a+ - a-w be-IMPF-AUX-m
I live in a house in the south of the village. 80. du1a:-san xorin x o n ana g e i r xiy entJkwan bol-lan
past-PEF 20 years this place big change be-PST
There were a lot of changes in the past twenty years. 8 1. tar garisul-li: xo: ana xarban xon-d bail-y x-san
that house-PL-ACC all this ten year-DAT build-CAU -PST
All those houses were built in the past ten years. 82. Jinj adikj-sul-Jini Jam-ti: xo: 4 uy i-ltf-bai ja: ?
your village-^^-^^^ you-COM all harmony-REC-NPT ITP
Are your neighbors friendly to you ? 83. ba: nak nak-a: xo: sain mada-lt(-wa:
we each other-CAU all well know-REC-NIT
We all have known each other well. 84. tar o1lo:n garitJe:n x e a : nau-4 ir-san-sul
that neighbor families-PL when move-IMPF corne-ps~-p~
When did your next door neighbor move in ? 85. tad-ni: nau-4 ir-yu arin-d bi: uJkan a:-san-bi
t h e y - G ~ ~ move-IMPF Come-IMPF ~ ~ . I I ~ ~ - D A T I small be-PST-PER
I was a small child when they moved here. 86. (i: gurJ(a1 wailad an '3 xzna a:+-a:-y u-inj na:d uku-b-Ji ja: ?
You hospital where be-IMPF-AUX-IMPF-REF me tell-IMPF ~~v~-NFT-PER ITP
Could you tell me where the hospital is ? --
I 3 ~ h i n e s e . Gongshe Weishengyuan.
87. tar yolo: xumy -ui ama1ka:n-inj bai that stone bridge-GEN south-GEN ~ u x The hospital is south of that stone bridge.
88. xo~tJa :~an l~-d kuryu-d joke: xol ? train station-DAT arrive-DAT how far
How far is the train station ? 89. and-ax antak xol bai
here-ABL quite far AVX
It's very far from here. 90. gwans luigwanj15 xasruyw a:-e-a-bai
restaurant hotel opposite be-IMPF-AUX-NPT
The restaurant is just opposite the hotel. 9 1 i a 1 olyuj-inj biJin
you find NEG find-PER NES
You cannot miss it. 92. Ji: na:-d $a:-% ukw, wairkan maimaa xana bai ?
you me-DAT tell-IMPF give near shop where Aux
Could you tell me where the nearest shop is ? 93. bi: aida: jaw-0:s-mini euyi-yu jumo: ? ti:da: jaw-0:s-mini 4uyi-yu jumo: ?
I to here go-CON-PER right-IMPF PT[, to there go-CON-PER right-IMPF m Will I go this way or that way ?
94. bi: maimax-d it(-wai, juyu: al-3:s bi: 4 a k au-wai 1 department store-DAT go-NPT what say-CON 1 thing buy-~*mr
I will go to the department store because I need to buy something. 95. Ji: tar wark-li: ams-yu-d 3 a k i - n
you that clothing-ACC wear-LMPF-DAT fit-NPT
That clothing seems to fit you perfectly. 96. ana warkl-i: t(ausl6-ax xi:-san, 4 u y uj-bai ja: ?
this clothing-ACC silk-INS made-PST right-~pr ITP
The clothing is made of the silk, isn't it ? 97. aimar sabi ana udur dur4-a-bai ja: ?
this kind shoes this day sell-IMPF-AUX-NPT ITP
Do you have this kind of shoes today ? 98. tar kunu dambal saikan sauti:baull7 ka: tanda: aiduyw katu: ka:
that AFP very nice purse AFP there very expensive AFP
That purse is beautiful but too expensive.
14chinese, Huochezhan. 5~hinese. Liiguan. 6~hinese. Chouzi.
17chinese. Shoutibao.
99. jo,yi:-da: joke: e i y a: ? all-REF how money
How much does it cost all together ? 100. xarban is xart( naiman mau durbun fan.
ten nine dollar eight ten cent four cent
Nineteen eighty four. 101. tar kata:-ji namd balj-ly a: kana
that salt-ACC me give-CAU AFP
Could you pass the salt to me ? 102. ana saran b*ir bol-lan, nak gan%inl*-inj u k u 3 bol-bai ja: ?
this umbrella dirty be-PST one clean-ACC-REF give o k a y - ~ m ITP
This umbrella is dirty, could you give me a clean one ? 103. (i: ana gwarban xatJin in3od-ox jamr-inj tJiy a u 3 bol-bai
you this three kind cigarette-INS what-REF AFP take o k a y - m
You can chose one from these three kinds of cigarettes. 104. bi: tar pi4a:-nj jans $us-id bo1unJe:-w
1 that S U ~ ~ C ~ S ~ - G E N shape color-REF 1ike-Ivp-r
I llke the shape and color of that suitcase. 105. ana bur-i: Jirb1a:-y u-d dawu: i!pulakan
this cloth-ACC touch-IMPF-DAT very soft
This cloth is soft. 106. ana-wax utJak budunqir birugkw bai ja: ?
this-ABL small thick walking stick AUX rrp
Is there a walking stick thicker than this one. 107. ana udur-i: taggar-i: arbun xar ?
this day-GEN sky-GEN situation how
How is the weather today ? 108. ana udur taggar-i: arbun sain
this day sky-GEN situation good
Today is a nice day. 109. uduJ taggar-i: arbun xar ?
yesterday sky-GEN situation how
How was yesterday's weather ? 110. udij uduri: tjab xwar xapri:-san
yesterday all day rain fall-PST
Yesterday, it rained all day. 111. bunj taggar xar xi:-bai *e:
tomorrow sky how do-NPT be
What will tomorrow's weather be ?
*chinese. Ganjing .
112. bun? gas war-bai tomorrow snow fall-NPT
It will snow tomorrow. 1 13. ana udur a d kuitun, udur amal lup aulant-san
this day very cold day morning all cloudy-PST
It is a very cold day and it was cloudy all morning. 1 14. ada: xwar war-bai ja: ?
now rain fall-NIT ITP
Is it raining now ? 1 15. ana udur xwarina gad-yu e u l uwai
this day afternoon clear-IMPF possible NEG
It will be clearing this afternoon. 1 16. taggar xaluzn bol+-a-bai
sky warm be-IMPF-AUX-NPT
It is getting warm. 1 17. andur baj-Jinj xar ?
today body-PER how
How are you feeling today ? 1 18. ana banjna baj-minj dzjkiqira:
this morning body-PER not good
I was not feeling well this morning. 119. udiJ aud-san-mi, andur nannaqir
yesterday sick-PST-PER today okay
I was sick yesterday, but I am okay today. 120. udiJ JenJin-d baj -a: u+i-ly a:-tf -san-mi
yesterday doctor-DAT body-REF see-CAU-go-PST-PER
I went to see the doctor yesterday. 12 1. ana am-i: durbun euntul-d nak o: al-lan
this drug-ACC four o'clock-DAT one drink say-PST
He told me that I should take this medicine every four hours. 122. xa1u:n-mini bar-san baitla: xaJ xane:da-ly a:-3-a-bai ?
fever-PER down-PST although still cough-CAU-IMPF-AUX-NIT
The fever has gone, but I still cough. 123. JenJin namai Jar-$id mo: dagga ov-azs baj-d-Jinj mo: al-lan
doctor me f2Ice-p~~ bad cigarette smoke-CON body-DAT-PER bad say-PST
The doctor said I look pale. Smolung is bad for my health. 124. baj-a: sain bol-y a:-ja: ala:-sa: utkai dagga ov-o: xa:- w ai
body-REF good fm-CAU-IMF say-CON immediately cigarette smoke-REF stop-NPT
If I want to be healthy, I must quit smoking. 125. dau-ji-mini xaki-nj madan aud-3 -a-bai
brother-GEN-PER head-REF very pain-IMPF-AUX-NPT
My younger brother is having a terrible headache. 126. tad udiJ oreko: jamd Jau~u:lg xi:-% ukw-san
they yesterday evening him , operation make-MPF give-PST
He had an operation yesterday evening. 127. alj garj-(inj aud-4-a-bai
which hand-PER pain-IMPF-AUX-NPT 7 . :ch of your arms has a pain ?
1- mur-minj aud-@ -a-bai, utkai ana xa:-d aud+ -a-bai A L L NIII-PER P~I~~-IMPF-AUX-NPT now this place-~AT ~ ~ ~ ~ - I M P F - A U X - N P T
The right arm. Now, there is a pain here. 129. Ji: xar xi:-3-a-b-Je: ? xak-Jinj tJikax-bai ja: ?
you how do-IMPF-AUX-m-PER head-PER dizzy-NPT m How are you feeling ? Do you feel dizzy ?
1 30. xakj tfikaxan bitt1a:n %uruyw pahjal+-bai head dizzy although hard bit-IMPF-NPT
I feel dizzy and my heart is beating a bit fast. 13 1. ana aur-i: Ji: u@-yu-d-Jig das* (ad-bai ja: ?
this illness-ACC you see-IMPF-DAT-PER cure be able-rwr m Do you think that this illness can be treated.
132. xordukun sain bol-yaxe: ! quickly good be-IMF
I hope you will get better soon. 133. ada: sain bol-lan-Ji ja: ?
now good be-PST-PER ITP
Are you feeling okay now ? 134. an , sain bol-lan-mi. ordon (int(i1~0-d aud-san a:-yu-a: twalla ada: baj-rninj
yes good be-PST-PER last week-DAT sick-PST be-IMPF-REF because now body-PER aiduyw sain very good
Yes, I am fine now. Although I was sick last week, I feel fine now. 135. nak nak xu: morj onu-yu dwarti:, bi: a:-s-sa: aul-i: t as r tyu dwarti:-bi:
one one person horse ride-IMPF like I be-IMPF mountain-ACC climb i i k e - p ~ ~
Some people like to ride horses, but I like to climb mountains. 136. Ji: an-a:r biJin ant(kwa:n dwarti: 4a.k-(id bai ja: ?
you this-ABL other special hobby thing-PER AUX ITP
Do you have any special hobby other than this ?
9~hinese. Shoushu. 20~hinese. Xingqi.
137. bi: sun-ex eaus gauwu1a:-yu dwarti:-bi: baitf i-+ jau-y u-d dwarti:-bi 1 night-ms fish hook-IMPF like-PER hunt-IMPF go-IMPF-DAT like-PER
I like to fish and hunt at night. 138. bi: karnyi: katJin dwarti: bait-i: sons-san-mi, timar +aka-d dwarti:-ji:
1 various strange hobby thing-ACC hea.r-Ps~-p~R that land thing-DAT like-ACC xare: sons-san uwai but hear-PST NEG
I have heard of many strange hobbies, but never heard of that kind of hobby. 139. Ji: nam-ti: nak pan i t - i - i ja: ?
you me-COM one game chess phy-NPT-PER ITP
Would you like to play a game of chess with me ? 140. bi: tJi: ta l j4 dawu: ul Jada-n-mi, xojod bari-ltJ-ja:
I chess play-IMPF excellent NEG be ~ ~ ~ ~ - N P T - P E R we two w r e s t l e - ~ ~ c - m
I am not good at playing chess; let's wrestle. 141. akar-mini tJox tat-yu-i s o r 3 xarban xon bol-3-a-bai
brother-PER music instrument play-IMPF-ACC learn-IMPF ten year be-IMPF-AUX-NPT
My older brother has been learning to play the musical instrument for ten years. 142. Ji: xandi: madan saikan xud-bi-Ji ka:, udur udur xu:l3-a-b-Ji ja: ?
you flute very good play-NPT-PER AFP day day play-IMPF-AUX-NFT-PER ITP
You play the bamboo flute better and better. Do you practice every day ? 143. Jinj xar torto:-sn-i:-lid nak artkan mad-ja: kana a 1 3 sana-3-a-w
you how ~ ~ C ~ ~ ~ - P E R - A C C - P E R one earlier know-IMF Em say-IMPF think-IMPF-AUX-NPT
I am anxious to know what your decision is. 144. Ji: tar sana:-j a: kadarya:-Jinj bol-bai
you that thought-OMF change-PER be-NPT
I hope that you change your mind. 145. bi: xar xi:je:J xuda:-d itJ-bai 31-4 torto:-san-mi
1 how AW do countryside-DAT go-NPT say-IMPF ~ ~ C ~ ~ ~ - P S T - P E R
I have already decided to go the grasslands. 146. udiJ banina xadan arin-d bos-san-Ji ?
yesterday morning what time-DAT get up-NPT-PER
What time did you get up yesterday morning ? 147. bi: uctga:n-wai ard sari-sn-a: twalla l'u:djanckpn22 bold+ sain bos-san-mi
1 Very-NPT early wake-PST-REF but six o'clock be-PEF just get up-PST-PER
I woke up earlier, but I didn't get up until six o'clock. 148. Ji: ma:Je:n23 warkl-a: amas-san-Ji ja: ?
you immediately clothing-REF wear-PST-PER ITP
21~hinese. Qi. 22~hinese. Liudianzhong. 23~hinese. Mashang.
Did you get dressed immediately ? 149. ulda:, warkl-a: a m s a 4 bara-mli: banh-i: bad=-ja: id-tan-mi
yes C ~ O ~ ~ - R E F Wear-IMPF finish-COW morning-GEN meal-REF eat-PST-PER
Yes. I had my breakfast right after I got dressed. 150. udiJ banha joke:-d g u ~ ~ s o d ~ ~ - d z ~ aurka:-san-Je: ?
yesterday morning w hen-DAT work-IMPF start-PST-PER
When did you start your work yesterday morning ? 15 1. bi: ba:djan%un25-d gar-ex--a: gar-ei: bxdjan ban-ax auks:-4 gu3so:l-lan-mi
1 eight o'clock-DAT ~ O ~ ~ - A B L - R E F go out-PEF eight thirty-ABL start-IMPF work-PST-PER
I left my home at eight o'clock and started to work at eight thirty. 152. Ji: udur-i: tjab bait iJke:-san-Ji ja: ?
you day-GEN all work do-PST-PER ITP
Did you work all day ?
153. ulda:, bi: banjna ard-a:s sunj boltal bait iJke:-san-mi yes 1 morning early-ABL evening until work do-PST-PER
Yes, I worked from dawn until midnight. 1 54. wu:djanban26-d bait-a: iJke:+ bar-4i: aran garj-da: xdsan-mi
five thirty-DAT job-REF do-IMPF finish-PEF immediately home-REF retum-pS~-~ER
I finished my work at five-thirty and I came back home. 155. bi: ore: Jiji~djanban-d kart-san-mi karta-rnli: wanta: talilan-mi, suni: tjab
1 night eleven thirty-DAT lie-PST-PER l i e - c o ~ ~ sleep PU~-PST-PER night all Jab want-san-mi fully sleep-PST-PER
I went to bed at eleven-thirty, immediately fell sleep, and didn't wake all night. 156. Ji: udiJ ore: xa:na a:-san-Je: ?
you last afternoon where be-PST-PER
Where were you yesterday afternoon ? 157. udur xwaina lup garj-da: a:-san-mi, bi: gut(-sul-ti:-ja: usuy ul-4-san-mi
day after all home-DAT be-PST-PER 1 friend-PL-COM-REF talk-IMPF-PST-PER
I was at home all afternoon and I chatted with my friends. 158. udiJ udur xwaina si:djan27-ax J i j o xi:4-a:-san-Je: ?
last day after four o'clock-INS you what do-IMPF-AUX-PST-PER
What were you doing around four o'clock yesterday afternoon ? 159. bi: gwanba:2* sons-e-a:-san-mi
I radio listen-IMPF-AUX-PST-PER
I was listening to the radio.
24~hinese. Gongsuo. %hinese. Badianzhong. 26~hinese. Wudianban. 27~hinese. Sidian. 28~hinese. Guangbo.
160. bi: Jamai arig-y u arin-d-mini (i: jo: xi:+-a:-san-Je: ? I YOU look for-IMPF when-DAT-PER YOU what do-IMPF-AUX-PST-PER
What were you doing when I was looking for you ? 16 1. (i: it(-y u arin-d-tfinj buda: i e -z - san-mi
YOU go-IMPF W ~ ~ ~ - D A T - P E R meal eat-AUX-PST-PER
I was eating my dinner when you were looking for me. 162. bi: ma9xa:-ji: ar ig-y u-d-mini in %a9 $u:%i:-ti: usy ul4-$-a--san
1 Mongge-ACC look for-IMPF-DAT-PER he Zhang Mr-COM talk-IMPF-AUX-PST
Mongge was talking to Mr. Zhang when I was looking for him. 163. Ji: ana udur amal mini jo: xi:-3-z-sn-i:-mini mada-4 Jad-bai-Ji ja: ?
you this day morning my what do-IMPF-AUX-PST-ACC-PER know-IMPF be ~ ~ ~ ~ - N P T - P E R ITP
Can you guess what I was doing this morning ? 164. bi: udi( udur xwaina in jo: xi:-4-a:-sn-i:-nj mart-san-mi
I yesterday day after he what do-IMPF-AUX-PST-ACC-REF f o r g e t - ~ s ~ - p ~ ~
I cannot remember what I was doing yesterday afternoon. 165. in xana a:-a-a:-w al-san-i:-nj mart-san-mi
he where be-IMPF-AUX-NPT say-PST-ACC-REF forget-PST-PER
I forgot that he said where he is living. 1 66. Ji: ordom mudaa Ju:(u:29-ja: 3eJyan-i:-nj 01-ox joke: gwaid-3-a:-b-Je:?
you last time uncle-REF letter-ACC-~~F receive-COMP how long to ~ ~ S ~ - I M P F - A U X - N P T - ~
How long has it been since you received a letter from your uncle ? 167. in daa mudam (am-d x*a: @e(yan ukw-san a:-san ?
he last time you-DAT when letter give-PST be-PST
When was the last time he wrote to you ? 168. joke: gwaid-3-a-yu-inj mart-san-mi
how long to last-IMPF-AUX-IMPF-ACC-REF forget-PST-PER
I forgot how long it has been. 169. udiJ oredco: bi: (u:Ju:-da: 3eJyan xi:-san-mi, daye: tulki-ly a:-% ul bolu-n
last night 1 uncle-REF letter do-PST-PER again delay-CAU-IMPF NEG b e - ~ ~ r
Last night I wrote to my uncle. I cannot delay any more. 170. bi: 4eJyan-da: xadan 4auJan30 ta:*i: jau-lyx-san-mi
I letter-^^^ several picture include-PEF send-CAU-PST-PER
I sent several pictures with my letter. 17 1. bi: borlao:n-da: kur-san uwai-bi, aud4-a:-san-mi
I appointment-REF reach-PST NEG-PER sick-IMPF-AUX-PST-PER
I didn't go to my appointment, I was sick. 172. ba: xoir xu: sol% ore: buda: ida-1ya:-bai all-a:-san-ma:
we two person invite evening meal eat-CAU-wr say-AUX-PST-PER
29~hinese. Shushu. 30~hinese. Zhaoshiang.
We invited two people for dinner. but they didn't come. 173. bud banjna (i: joke:-d bos-bai-Je: ?
tomorrow morning you when-DAT get up-NPT-PER
When will you get up tomorrow morning ? 174. bi: sarj-yu-mini 3rd h:djan sanJ fan31-d bos-wai
1 w~~~-IMPF-PER early six thirty minute-DAT get up-Na
I will probably wake up early and I get up at six thirty. 175. t i : ( i 0 : xi:-b-Je: ?
then you what do-NIT-PER
What will you do then ? 176. bi: warkl-a: amsa-3 bar-= utkaj banjn-i: bada:-j a: id-wai
I cloth-REF wear-IMPF finish-COMP immediately m o m i n g - ~ ~ ~ meal-REF eat-rvr
After I get dressed, I will have my breakfast immediately. 177. bunj banha (i: jo~-yam ida-b-Je: ?
tomorrow morning you what-PL eat-NPT-PER
What kind of breakfast will you have tomorrow morning ? 178. bi: bunj banha annuyw, jaubin32 id-bi-&-be:
1 tomorrow morning egg pan cake eat-NPT-PER
I will probably have eggs and pancakes. 179. ban'n-ai bada:-ja: i d a 4 bar-ax bi: utkai (anbad-iqi-w al-3-a:-wai
m o m i n g - ~ ~ ~ meal-REF eat finish-COMP 1 soon work-go-NP~ say-IMPF-AUX-NPT
After breakfast, I am ready to go to work. 180. bi: udur xwaina wu~djanban-d Ja:bx+i: liu:djan ordon gar-e: kur-wai
I day after five ~ ~ ~ Y - D A T off six o'clock before home-REF reach-hi
I will be off at five thirty and arrive home before six o'clock. 18 1. bi: noir-o: kur-a:s-inj ord-a: bol-yu $ul uwai
1 sleep-^^^ sleepy-CON-REF bed-REF be-IMPF possible NEG
When I am sleepy, I will probably get ready to go to bed. 182. want* ul lad-tyai tJiy bi: kart-4e: a:-wai
sleep NEG enable-IMF AFP 1 lie-IMPF b e - r n
Although I cannot sleep, I would like to lie down. 183. bud (i: jo: xi:-wai 314-a-b-Je: ?
tomorrow YOU what do-NFT Say-IMPF-AUX-NFT-PER
What are you planing to do tomorrow ?
184. bunj mo: bol-0:s-o: bi: jo: ul xi:-n tomorrow bad be-Co~-REF 1 what AFP NEG do-NFT
I am afraid I will do nothing.
lchinese. Liudian Sanshi Fen. 32~hinese. Yuebing.
185. dau-Jid bunj jo: xi:-bai al-9-a:-bai brother-PER tomorrow what do-NPT say-IMPF-AUX-m
What does your younger brother plan to do tomorrow ? 186. in jo: xi:-yu-a: bas torto:-% Jad-yu uden
he what do-IMPF-REF still decide-IMPF enable-IMPF NEG
He still has not decided what he is going to do. 187. jeryen baitinj xo: ul mad-a:s-a: torto:-yu-d katu:
true condition mG know-CON-REF dec ide -ml~~-~A~ hard
It is hard to make a decision without knowing all of the facts. 188. bi: ana xom dayjda:-ja: itf+i: xadan udur z-ja: al-$-a:-wai
I this year upward-REF go-PEF several day sit-IMF S~~-IMPF-AUX-NP~
I hope to go to the forest area for several days this year. 189. xarwul Ji: it(-y u kanay an-ti: ary a: tale:-Jinj bi: Jam-ti: nakan-d it(-j a
if you go-IMPF chance-COM have put-PER 1 you-COM together-DAT go-IMF al-3-a:-wai say -AUX-NFT
If you have a chance to go, I would like to go with you. 190. Ji: bodo* u4-3i: xar tort-sn-a: nam-d dp -y ame:
YOU think-IMPF See-PEF how decide-PER me-DAT tell-IMF
Please let me know your final decision. 19 1. Jinj ams-a-au-lid j m a r warkal jum ?
YOU W ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - I M P F - A U X - P E R what ~10th ITF'
What kind of clothing are you wearing ?
192. mini ams-4-au-mini kuwunti: daga:n my W ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - I M P F - A U X - P E R cotton overcoat
I am wearing the cotton overcoat. 193. mini warkal-sul-rninj xo: laibar bol-lan, amsa-4 ul bolu-n
my cloth-PL-PER all duly be-PST wear-IMPF NEG okay-NPT
All my clothes are duty, and I cannot wear them. 194. ada: ana warkal-mini baj -d-mini dpyj-yu-a: xal-san
now this clothing-PER body-DAT-PER fit-IMPF-REF be-PST
These clothes don't fit me now. 195. ana xakur-i: bi: amsa-3 ul Jada-n
this pants-ACC I wear-IMPF NEG enable-~pr
I probably cannot wear these pants any more. 196. (inj Jigkan mayal ams-$-a:-y u-i-Jinj lixod33-lan uwai-bi
your new hat Wear-IMPF-AUX-1MPF-ACC-PER realize-PST NEG-PER
I didn't realized you were wearing your new hat.
33~hinese. Lihui.
197. Ji: jo: xi:-4-x-b-Je: ? you what do-IMPF-AUX-NPT-PER
What are you doing ? 198. bi: bitay u9-%-a:-bai, i o xi:-4-a:-b-Je: ?
I book read-IMPF-AUX-NPT you what do-IMPF-AUX-NPT-PER
I am reading a book. What are you doing ? 199. bi: na:da: jo: xi:-yu uwai, adade:n gutf-da: 4eJyan xi:-w
1 now what AFP do-IMPF NEG later friend-REF letter write-NIT
Now I am doing nothing, but I will write a letter to my friend later. 200. (i: xa:n-Ti-b-Je: ?
you w here-go-NPT-PER
Where are you going ? 201. bi: gd-da: xarj-wai, (i: xan-tJi-b-Je: ?
I home-REF return-NPT you where-go-m-PER
I am going home. Where are you going ? 202. bi: ada: padu:34-ja: garj-t-ini iyi-w
I now friend-REF ~ O ~ ~ - D A T - R E F go-NPT
I am going to my friend's house. 203. Jinj ujin dau-~inj ada: xa:na a:*-a:-bai
you sister brother now where be-IMPF-AUX-NPT
Where is your younger sister now ? 204. tar baj-d nak guy-ti:-ja: usy ~1%-3-a:-bai
she side-DAT one friend-COM-REF talk-IMPF-AUX-NPT
She is talking with her friend over there. 205. ada: bi: ul jau-yu-d ul bolu-n, tand xu: namai ku-ltfa:3-a:-bai
now I NEG leave-IMPF-DAT NEG okay-NPT there person me W~~~-REC-WF-AUX-N~~
I have to leave now; somebody is waiting for me over there. 206. udur-da: (i: j arnar arin-d b o s 3 -a:-b-Je: ?
day-REF YOU what time-^^^ get Up-IMPF-AUX-NPT-PER
What time do you get up every day ? 207. bi: udur-da: liu:djan35-d b o s 3 -a:-wai
1 day-REF six o'clock-DAT get up-IMPF-AUX-NPT
I get up at six o'clock every day. 208. bi: bos-san xwain-a: kaltun dau-ja: sal$a:-wai
1 get up-PST after-REF often brother-REF wake-NPT
After getting up, I usually wake up my younger brother. 209. mid dau-rninj narn-a~s djalla bos-bai
my brother-PER me-ABL later get up-wr
34~hinese. Pengyu. 35~hinese. Liudian.
My younger brother usually gets up later than I. 210. tar warkl-a: wax-e: amsa-+ ul Jada-n, nasinj utJi&an
he clothing-REF oneself-REF wear-IMPF NEG enable-m age small
He cannot get dressed by himself because he is still small. 2 1 1. bi: njadam gar-i-nj wa:+ ukw-3i: warkl-i-nj amalka:+ ukw-bai
1 face hand-Acc-REF wash-IMPF give-PEF C ~ O ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - A C C - R E F wear give-NPT
I wash his face and hands, then I put on his clothes for him. 2 12. tar war-e: tortJe: tortJ1-a:-wai 31-4 4uyu:-yu-a: twala:n tortJ1a:-4 ul
he hmself-REF button button-AUX-rupr say-IMPF ~IY-IMPF-REF because button-IMPF NEG (a*-z-bai enable-AUX-NIT
He tries to button his clothing, but cannot. 213. bi: warkl-a: ams* bar-ax utyai banjn-i: bada:-ja: id-wai
I cloth-^^^ wear finish-COMP immediately morning-GEN meal-REF eat-NPT
I have my breakfast immediately after I get dressed. 2 14. daryai-da: bi: banh-inj id-y u-mid bura:-n
U S U ~ ~ ~ Y - R E F I morning-REF ear-IMPF-PER a lot
I usually eat a lot of breakfast. 2 15. udur-da: bi: udur ad- i : ba:djan36- d gar-e:s-a: gar-bai
day-REF 1 day morning-ACC eight o'clock-DAT home-ABL-REF go out-NPT
I leave my home at eight every morning. 2 16. udur-da: banjn-i: twalm 4ju:djan-ax aurka:-4 bait iJke:-wai
day-REF m o m i n g - ~ ~ ~ because nine o'clock-ABL begin-IMPF work handle-rn
I begin my work at nine o'clock every morning. 2 17. ore: u:djan siJ37 usan-d bait-a: i$ke:-y u-a: xa:-bai
evening five forty five minute-^^^ work-REF handle-~hl~~-RE~ stop-NPT
I finish my work at five-forty five in the afternoon. 2 1 8. bi: Ja:bald$:38 gaar-da: kur-%i: aiduyw tjag gal-w ai
1 off work-PEF home-REF ~ I T ~ v ~ - P E R very t i r e d - ~ a
After coming home from work, I feel very tired. 21 9. tJi:djan+un-ar bi: ore: bud=-ja: id-wai
seven o'clock-ABL I evening meal-REF eat-rn
I have my dinner around seven o'clock. 220. bi: ~i:ji:djanban39-ax or-da: bol-wai, kartyua9ar-a: wanta: talj-wai
1 eleven thirty-ABL bed-REF go-NPT lie-^^^ sleep AUX-rn I go to bed around eleven thuty and fall sleep right after I lie down.
36~hinese. Badian. 37~hinese. Wudian Sishi. 38~hinese. Xiabarz. 39~~inese. Shiyidianban.
22 1. xwar ul war-y u-did a-sa: gauwula:-tJ-bai als-a:-san-mi rain NEG fall-IMPF-REF be-co~ to fish-go-NPT say-AUX-PST-PER
If it hadn't rained, I was planning to go fishing. 222. ardkan bos-yu-d a:-sa: (i: banjn-i: buda i d a 4 eabd-yu a:-san-Je:
earlier get up-IMPF-DAT be-CON you m o r n i n g c ~ ~ meal eat-IMPF catch-IMPF be-PST-PER
If you got up earlier, you would certainly have a chance to have your breakfast. 223. (01 a:-yu-d a-sa: bi: u4ig-yu a:-san-mi
time ~~V~-IMPF-DAT be-CON 1 see-IMPF be-PST-PER
If I had time, I would certainly go see you. 224. xanvul Ji: jamai 3 u x garj lark'-san uwai az-sa:s-(id in Jamai ud3i-d3 01-yu a:-san
if you him toward hand wave-PST NEG be-CON-PER he you see-IMPF find-IMPF be-PST a ja:? be ITP
If you didn't wave your hand to him, can he see you ? 225. xarwul Ji: balda-3 ul wana-yu-d a:-sa:, kul-e: ul qaklo:-yu a:-san-Je:
if you slip-IMPF NEG fdl-IMPF-DAT be-CON food-REF NEG break-IMPF be-PST-PER
If you didn't slip, you would not have broken you leg. 226. xanvul iq-yu-i-(id mad-yu-d a:-sa: bi: mor-e aqir-3 ukw-\yu
if leave-IMPF-ACC-PER know-IMPF-DAT be-CON 1 horse-REF bring-IMPF give-IMPF
If I had known you were going, I would have lent you my horse. 227. xanvul Jarnai tolkugkw uwai al* mad-yu-d a:-sx. bi: aud-a: ul gold@-yu
if you key NEG say-IMPF know-IMPF-DAT if I door-REF NEG lock-IMPF a:-san-mi AUX-PST-PER
If I had known you didn't have the key, I would not have locked the door. 228. in nam-ti: nakan-d it(-yu a:-san. in (01 uwai
he me-COM one-DAT go-IMPF AUX-PST he time NEG
He would go with me, but he does not have time. 229. xanvul bi tarwul-a xaso:-san a:-yu-d a:-sa: ul twax-y u z-san-mi
if I there-REF ask-PST AUX-IMPF-DAT be-CON NEG lost-IMPF AUX-PST-PER
If I had asked the direction, I would not be lost. 230. ba: amar-4 bol-yu a:-san a:-tyai t j ba: ul amar-yu a:-san t( @ul uwai
we rest-IMPF be-IMPF AUX-PST be-IMF AFP We NEG rest-IMPF AUX-PST AFP possible NEG
Even if it were okay for us to rest, we would probably not take a rest. 23 1. xarwul bunj xwar ul war-a:s-id bi: 4 a k aut(-bai
if tomorrow rain NEG fd1-CON-REF 1 thing go-NPT
If it does not rain tomorrow, I will go shopping. 232. b z itJe: fl talwx, ti: talla taggar-i: arbun-ax-a1 bol-bai
we go AFP AUX that because SQ-GEN situation-INS-AFP decide-NF.~
We will probably go, but it completely depends upon the weather conditions. 23 3, bud (01-ti: azy z-sa: bi: xake: xanna:-tJ-wai
tomorrow time-co~ have-CON I hair cut-go-NPT
If I have time tomorrow, I will get my hair cut. 234. kakw-mini xiy bol-0:s-o: tJwaya-d war-bai ala-n
son-PER big be-CON-REF my-DAT enter-NIT say-NPr
My son wants to be a soldier after he grows up. 235. xarwul bi: alb-a: arin-da: bara: tal-as-a: bi: utkai, (igtJi:ji+O-d ba:%in-d
if 1 work-REF time-DAT finish AUX-CON-REF 1 soon Monday-DAT Beijing-DAT
If I finish my work on the time, I will return to Beijing on Monday. 236. xanvul bi: (am-ti: nakan-d itfi-4 ul Jada-n al-3:s-mini Ji: jo: ala-b-Je: ?
if 1 you-COM together-DAT go-IMPF NEG be able-wr say-CON-PER you what say-NPT-PER
If I say I could not go with you, what would you think ? 237. xarwul bi: (am-ti: itJwu-d kur-as-a: bi: 1ju:djan ordo:n-inj x* ir-bai
if 1 you-COM go-DAT dec ide-coN-~~~ 1 six o'clock before-REF return-NFT
If I go with you, I would have to come back before six o'clock. 238. bol: tal-e:s-i:n-a1 bi: ga@ra: karlx-ja: al-%-x-wai
okay put-CON-ACC-AFP 1 place change-MF say-IMPF-AUX-NPT
If it is possible, I want to change the place. 239. in mo: bol-0:s-o: gad-da: xarj-3i: ane:-3 ul t( Jada-n, in bas djarryun bait-a: -
he bad be-CON-REF home-DAT return-PEF NEG AI?P enable-wr he also many work-REF iJke:-@ bar-yu ude:n do-IMPF finish-IMPF NEG
He probably cannot go home, because he has still many things to do. 240. xanvul (i: sarin-d itJe: tal-e:s-a: jamar warkal amas-bi-(i:
if YOU party-DAT go AUX-CON-REF what ~10th We=-NPT-PER
If you were go to the party, what kind of clothing would you wear ? 241. (i: nam-d nak aiJil-bai-Ji ja: ?
you me-DAT one help-NIT-PER ITP
Can you do this for me ? 242. minj taray -mid (aurd-tan nam-d a i l -% tulki+ ukw
my Car-PER get S~UC~-PST me-DAT help-IMPF push-IMPF give
My car got stuck in the mud, can you push it for me please ? 243. ana ae(y an-i:-mid nak jau-ly a:-3 ukw-bi-(i ja: ? bol-bai ja: ?
this letter-ACC-PER one ~ ~ ~ ~ - C A U - I M P F give-NIT-PER ITP okay-NPT 17P
Would you please send this letter for me ?
244. aud-i: na:-3e: a:-y a:ne:, bol-bai ja: ? door-ACC open-IMPF nux-IMF okay-~pr rn Would you please open the door ?
245. ana 0s-i: tar njadam wa:-y u tunpun-d sur-a: ! this water that face wash-IMPF basin-DAT pour-IMF
Please pour water into that washbasin. 246. namai and bai a l -4 jam-d %a:
me here AUX say-IMPF him.-DA~ tell
Please tell him I am here. 247. Jam-ai nak $0~0:-ja:, danean j xu:l, bi: want-bai
you-ACC one trouble-IMF light turn off I s leep-~pr
Could you do me a favor; please turn off the light, I am going to bed. 248. ana oreko: Ji: ana Qak-sul-i: ga+da: artJ-y ane:
this evening you this th ing-~~-acc home-REF take-IMF
You can take these things to your home tonight. 249. xanvul Ji: (01 ay-as-a: bud udur nak ir-ya:ne:, bol-bai ja: ?
if you free time ~ ~ V ~ - C O N - R E F tomorrow day one come-IMF okay-~pr ITP
If you have time tomorrow, would you please come to my home ? 250. Jam-aa ana bait-i: xi:-ly a:-y u-mini (am-ai antka: 4oyo:-bai kawo: ?
you-INS this work-ACC do-CAU-IMPF-PER you-ACC very order-NP~ pn.
It is too much trouble for you that I have asked you to do this. 25 1. ana bol-0:s-o: bi: (am-ax ail-1ya:-y u madax bait-minj
this b o r d e r - c o ~ - ~ ~ F 1 you-INS help-CAU-IMPF last thing-PER
This is the last thing I will bother you to do for me. 252. (inj xi:-san ana bait-sul-d in antyam badyal-$ ul bara-n
your do-PEF this t h i n g - p ~ - ~ ~ T he always thank-IMPF NEG finish-NIT
He never forgot your help. 253. bi: Jam-az ut(ark ~@ya: jollwma:-j a: al-4-a-wai, xarban xaq jollu-4
1 you-INS little money borrow-IMF say-IMPF-AUX-NPT ten dollar borrow-IMPF (ada-bi-J j a: enable-m-PER rrp
I wanted to borrow money from you; would you please lend me $10. ? 254. ada: nam-ai bu: saz-a:, bi: aiduyw jax+-a-wai
now me-ACC NEG disturb-IMF 1 very busy-IMPF-AUX-NIT
Please don't disturb me; I am very busy. 255. xarwul biJin bas narn-arr xi:-1ya:-yu bait aqrz tal-e:s-a: narn-d @a:-y axe:
if other also me-INS do-CAU-IMPF thing have AUXCON-REF me-DAT tell-IMF
If there are any other things I can do for you, please let know ! 256. in garj-da: x d s a n baidp:
he home-DAT return-PST FTL
I guess he has already returned to his home. 257. tar xu: banin-a: karla:-yu-d katu: bol-lan
that person personality-REF change-IMPF-DAT hard be-PST
It is hard for him to change his personality. 258. (i: u3-yu-d xar ? ti: xi-yu-d 3uyj-bai ja: ?
YOU See-IMPF-DAT how that way do-IMPF-DAT okay-Nm ITP
What do you think ? Is it right to do it that way ? 259. usyul4-yu-i ul bait-lan, ana baita-d (inky xo: 4uyj-bai
sure-IMPF-ACC NEG use-PST this event-DAT your all right-NIT
Sure, you are absolutely right in this case. 260. mini: bod-y u-d tar bait dax Jiniry xo:(ke:
my ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - I M P F - D A T that event on you wrong
I think you are not right in that case. 261. (i: bud udur xwar w ar-bai al-4-a-b-Ji ja: ?
you tomorrow day rain fall-NFT say-IMPF-AUX-PST-PER rrp
Do you think it will be rain tomorrow ? 262. mini bod-yu-d xwar ul wan-n kawo:
my ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - I M P F - D A T rain NEG ~ ~ I - N P T PTL
I guess it will not rain tomorrow. 263. mini ue-y u-d, tar dawu: sain bodyun
my ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - I M P F - D A T that quite good idea
I think it is good idea. 264. in xar aimar durti: tJqgal-lan, (i: turyun-i-nj mada-bi-J ja: ?
he how this way face tin3-P~~ you reason-Acc-REF know-NPT-PER ITP
Do you know why he looks so tired ? 265. in ana udur udur-i: tjab xaksulwai gin bait k e - : ti: gag-gal-lan kawo:
he this day all day-ACC long time hard work do-PEF that tired-PST FTL
I guess he has worked all day without having a break. 266. (id u4-yu-d mini utJkar-sul xar
your think-MPF-DAT my child-PL how
What do you think about our children ? 267. mini u4-y u-d (inj utjkar-sul-Jinj dawu: xu:-d dwalla-rd-bai
my ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - I M P F - D A T your child-PL-PER quite person-DAT \-rove-P~~-NlT
I think that your children are all lovely. 268. mini bod-y u-d (i: ana oreko: garj-da: aqa:-$id 3uyj-bai
my ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - I M P F - D A T you this night home-DAT RE REF right-NPT
I think you should stay at home tonight.
IV. Bibliography
This bibliography is a selection of works on Dagur language studies in Mongolian, English
and Chinese.
Badarongga. 1988.
H$ bg&& '(Dawoeryu yu Mengguyu Yitong Bijiao: Jiantan dowoelyu
Xishu. " [ A comparison of Similarities and Differences between Dagur (Dagur) and
Mongolian. Also Relevant to the Affiliation of Dagur]. &&$&$~inzu Yuwen.
6 (1988): 61-67.
Badarongga. 1987. i* & 9 "Dawoeryu Huayu Caiiiao "
[Language material of Dagur]. & $$ $3; Minzu Yuwen. 4 (1987):
73-79.
Badarongga. 1983.
"Dawoeryu, Manzhuyu he Mengguyu de Guami. " [The Relationship between
Dagur, Manchu and Mongolian]. @ * & $i /3;# @ Neieienggu ' 4 8
Shehui Kexue [Journal of Social Science Studies in Inner Mongolia]. 2 (1983):
"Xinjiang Dawoer-yu Xiaosheyin Jiami" [A preliminary analysis of the Uvular
sound of Dagur language in Xinjiang]. & a & Minru Yuwen.
Engkebatu. 1982. 6 Q -10 ?'
"Dngur kelen-ii abiyan-u sistem. " [The Phonemic System of Dagur].
--J**-+&M-~.W 0bur Mongyol--un yeke suryayuli-yi~z erdem sinjilgen-ii sedgiil [Journal of The
University of Inner Mongolia]. 4 (1982): 13 1 - 174.
Engkebatu. 1983a. %$$$' & ;g&, Dawoer Hany u Zidian.
[Dagur-Chinese Dictionary]. Huhhot: Inner Mongolian People's Press.
Engkebatu. 1983b. r. 6, -4 "Dagur klen-ii teiike-in toqai jarim asa yudal. " [Several
Issues about the History of Dagur Language]. 2 w \Y
4 -I# & Q 4 0biir ~ o n ~ y o l - u n yeke
suryayuli-yin erdem sinjilgen-ii sedgiil [Journal of The University of Inner
Mongolia]. 2 (1983): 141-156.
Engkebatu. 1985a. ' -y- '~*- d@krJ-) "Dagur kelen-ii tein ilayal-un toqai. " [The Case Suffix in Dagur].
0bor Mongyol--un yeke suryayuli-yin erdem sinjilgen-ii sedgiil [Journal of The
University of Inner Mongolia]. 3 (1985): 13-34.
Engkebatu. 1985b. okcrrbfi . . Dagur kelen-u iige kelelge-in matriyal. Language Meterials for Dagur 1. Huhhot:
Inner Mongolian People's Press. 1985.
Engkebatu. 1988. .a yu .*
Dagur kele
ba Mongyol- kele. [Dagur and Mongolian Languages]. Huhhot: Inner Mongolian
People's Press.
Engkebatu. 1984. a 6 Dagur kelen-ii iiges. .. [Vocabularies of Dagur Language]. Huhhot: Inner Mongolian People's Press.
Kara, Gyorgy. "Long Vowels in Manchu Loan-words of Dagur." Hoppo Bunka Kenkyu:
Bulletin of the Institute for the Studies of North Eurasian Culture; 17: 1 17- 130.
Hokkaido Univ. 1985.
Martin, Samuel E. 1960. Dagur Mongolian Grammar, Texts, and Lexicon. Research and
studies in Urallic and Altaic languages. Project No. 30. Mouton & co. The Hague,
The Netherlands.
Narnsarai. 1981. j$$$$, 3 &$ if & W& "Dawoeryu de
Weiyu Renche~zg Fanchou. " [The Personal Ending of Dagur Verbal Predicates].
' -If0 ' MinzuYuwen. 2(1981): 40-43.
Namsaai. ~ ~ 3 2 . MI$ 8 jd b j f l f ~ 1 2 & & "Dawoeryu Mingzi de Lingshu Fujia Chengfen. " [The Reflexive Suffixes of Dagur
Noun]. In & 34 & a&&$ Minzu Yuwen Yanjiu
Lunwenji. [The collection of articles of Minority language studies]. 448-457.
Xining: Qinghai People's Press. 1982.
Namsarai. 1989.
"Dagur kele~t-ii tiiriil satun-u dagudalga. " [About the h s h i p Terminology in
Dagur Language]. % CX-> --, Mongyol- kele bieig
[Mongolian Language]. 2 (1 989): 68-77. > Namsarai and Haserdeni. 1983. % 6 . C.
Dagur kele ba Mongyol- kelen-ii qari?a:ayulul. [A comparison of
Dagur and Mongolian]. Huhhot: Inner Mongolian People's Press.
'3 ?$ & 'Dawoeryu Zi de Onan, ~ j i i r . 1984. &$$,J, 3 a iq b $ q f Lingshuxing Fanchou " [Reflective suffix in Dagur] . In
Minzu Yuwen Yanjiu [Studies of languages of Minority Nationality]. pp. 2 17-23 1.
Chengdu: S ichuan Minority National Press. 1984.
Onan, ,urn 1987. 3 ,$ Dawoeryu [Dagur Language].
Zhongguo Shaoshu Minzu Yuyan
[The Minority Languages of China], pp. 592-608. Chengdu: Sichuan People's
Press.
Poppe. N. 1955. Introduction to Mongolian comparative Studies. Helsinki: Suomalas-
Ugrilainen Seura.
d - "Dagur kelen-ii ijil du yudal yatai iiges-un toqai "
[About the Homonym in Dagur]. L O
kele bieig [Mongolian Language]. 6 (1989): 50-59.
?MongYoz
Sun, Zhu. ed. 1990.
Cidian. [~ict ionaq of Mongolian Languages] Xining: Qinghai People's Press.
Sun, Zhu. 1987. %$$ 4 % ~ r * $ $ I b$ ,Cb& "Merrgguyu Dawoeryu Dongxiangyu de Shu de Fanchou de Bijiao. "
[A Comparative Study on the Numeral Category among the Mongolian, Dagur and
Dongxiang Languages]. && %& Minzu Yuwen. 6 (1987): 26-34.
Sun, Zhu. 1985. , f .
Yitong. " [Brief Discussion of Dagur Language: Tentative discussion on the
similarity and difference between Dagur and Mongolian]. In Sun Zhu, 1985, p.
559-624. @&&$, Mengguyu Wenji .[Article Collection of
Mongolian Language Studies] Xining: Qinghai People's Press.
Wang, Penglin. 1983. A1 *$%#$%a # p # $ a & $ b L i3S '(Guanyu Mengguyuzu Yuyiyion 'Ge Fujia Chen&enl de Wenti. " [On
the So-called Case-Suffixes in Mongolian Languages: Based on the Materials of
Dagur langauge]. &$i %& Minzu Yuwen. 1 (1983): 41-49.
Zork. 1988. ~f i ,? , I '*+ cp$mait;$f he 8 $$ ii "Dawoeryu zhong de Man-Tonggusiyu Jiezi. " [Manchu-Tungusic Loan-words in
Dagur Language]. L% % Minzu Yuwen. 4 (1988): 25-30.
-*."9 4, Zhong, Suchun. 1982. &#,f, lp ~ r j ] bL Dawoeryu Jianzhi. [A Concise
Grammar of Dagur]. Beijing: Minority Nationality Press. 1982.
Previous Issues
Number Date Author Title Pages
1 Nov. 1986
Victor H. Mair University of Pennsylvania
The Need for an Alphabetically Arranged General Usage Dictionary of Mandarin Chinese: A Review Article of Some Recent Dictionaries and Current Lexicographical Projects
31
2 Dec. 1986
Andrew Jones Hiroshima
The Poetics of Uncertainty in Early Chinese Literature
45
3 March 1987
Victor H. Mair University of Pennsylvania
A Partial Bibliography for the Study of Indian Influence on Chinese Popular Literature
iv, 214
4 Nov. 1987
Robert M. Sanders University of Hawaii
The Four Languages of “Mandarin”
14
5 Dec. 1987
Eric A. Havelock Vassar College
Chinese Characters and the Greek Alphabet
4
6 Jan. 1988
J. Marshall Unger University of Hawaii
Computers and Japanese Literacy: Nihonzin no Yomikaki Nôryoku to Konpyuta
13
7 Jan. 1988
Chang Tsung-tung Goethe-Universität
Indo-European Vocabulary in Old Chinese
i, 56
8 Feb. 1988
various Reviews (I) ii, 39
9 Dec. 1988
Soho Machida Daitoku-ji, Kyoto
Life and Light, the Infinite: A Historical and Philological Analysis of the Amida Cult
46
10 June 1989
Pratoom Angurarohita Chulalongkorn University Bangkok
Buddhist Influence on the Neo-Confucian Concept of the Sage
31
11 July 1989
Edward Shaughnessy University of Chicago
Western Cultural Innovations in China, 1200 BC
8
Previous Issues, cont.
Number Date Author Title Pages
12 Aug. 1989
Victor H. Mair University of Pennsylvania
The Contributions of T’ang and Five Dynasties Transformation Texts (pien-wen) to Later Chinese Popular Literature
71
13 Oct. 1989
Jiaosheng Wang Shanghai
The Complete Ci-Poems of Li Qingzhao: A New English Translation
xii, 122
14 Dec. 1989
various Reviews (II) 69
15 Jan. 1990
George Cardona University of Pennsylvania
On Attitudes Toward Language in Ancient India
19
16 March 1990
Victor H. Mair University of Pennsylvania
Three Brief Essays Concerning Chinese Tocharistan
16
17 April 1990
Heather Peters University Museum of Philadelphia
Tattooed Faces and Stilt Houses: Who Were the Ancient Yue?
28
18 May 1990
Victor H. Mair University of Pennsylvania
Two Non-Tetragraphic Northern Sinitic Languages
a. Implications of the Soviet Dungan Script for Chinese Language Reform
b. Who Were the Gyámi?
28
19 June 1990
Bosat Man Nalanda
Backhill/Peking/Beijing 6
20 Oct. 1990
Victor H. Mair University of Pennsylvania
Introduction and Notes for a Translation of the Ma-wang-tui MSS of the Lao Tzu
68
Previous Issues, cont.
Number Date Author Title Pages
21 Dec. 1990
Philippa Jane Benson Carnegie Mellon University
Two Cross-Cultural Studies on Reading Theory
9, 13
22 March 1991
David Moser University of Michigan
Slips of the Tongue and Pen in Chinese
45
23 April 1991
Victor H. Mair University of Pennsylvania
Tracks of the Tao, Semantics of Zen
10
24 Aug. 1991
David A. Utz University of Pennsylvania
Language, Writing, and Tradition in Iran
24
25 Aug. 1991
Jean DeBernardi University of Alberta
Linguistic Nationalism: The Case of Southern Min
22 + 3 figs.
26 Sept. 1991
JAO Tsung-i Chinese University of Hong Kong
Questions on the Origins of Writing Raised by the Silk Road
10
27 Aug. 1991
Victor H. Mair, ed. University of Pennsylvania
Schriftfestschrift: Essays in Honor of John DeFrancis on His Eightieth Birthday
ix, 245
28 Sept. 1991
ZHOU Youguang State Language Commission, Peking
The Family of Chinese Character-Type Scripts (Twenty Members and Four Stages of Development)
11
29 Sept. 1991
Victor H. Mair University of Pennsylvania
What Is a Chinese “Dialect/Topolect”? Reflections on Some Key Sino-English Linguistic Terms
31
30 Oct. 1991
M. V. Sofronov Institute of Far Eastern Studies, Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Chinese Philology and the Scripts of Central Asia
10
Previous Issues, cont.
Number Date Author Title Pages
31 Oct. 1991
various Reviews (III) 68
32 Aug. 1992
David McCraw University of Hawaii
How the Chinawoman Lost Her Voice
27
33 Sept. 1992
FENG Lide and Kevin Stuart Chuankou No. 1 Middle School and Qinghai Education College
Interethnic Contact on the Inner Asian Frontier: The Gangou People of Minhe County, Qinghai
34
34 Oct. 1992
Victor H. Mair University of Pennsylvania
Two Papers on Sinolinguistics
1. A Hypothesis Concerning the Origin of the Term fanqie (“Countertomy”)
2. East Asian Round-Trip Words
13
35 Nov. 1992
Victor H. Mair University of Pennsylvania with an added note by Edwin G. Pulleyblank
Reviews (IV) 37
36 Feb. 1993
XU Wenkan Hanyu Da Cidian editorial offices, Shanghai
Hanyu Wailaici de Yuyuan Kaozheng he Cidian Bianzuan (Philological Research on the Etymology of Loanwords in Sinitic and Dictionary Compilation)
13
37 March 1993
Tanya Storch University of New Mexico
Chinese Buddhist Historiography and Orality
16
38 April 1993
Victor H. Mair University of Pennsylvania
The Linguistic and Textual Antecedents of The Sutra of the Wise and the Foolish
95
Previous Issues, cont.
Number Date Author Title Pages
39 Aug. 1993
Jordan Paper York University
A Material Case for a Late Bering Strait Crossing Coincident with Pre-Columbian Trans-Pacific Crossings
17
40 Sept. 1993
Michael Carr Center for Language Studies, Otaru University of Commerce
Tiao-Fish through Chinese Dictionaries
68
41 Oct. 1993
Paul Goldin Harvard University
Miching Mallecho: The Zhanguo ce and Classical Rhetoric
27
42 Nov. 1993
Renchin-Jashe Yulshul Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Kokonor (Qinghai) and Kevin Stuart Institute of Foreign Languages, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Kham Tibetan Language Materials 39
43 Dec. 1993
MA Quanlin, MA Wanxiang, and MA Zhicheng Xining Edited by Kevin Stuart Kokonor
Salar Language Materials 72
44 Jan. 1994
Dolkun Kamberi Columbia University
The Three Thousand Year Old Charchan Man Preserved at Zaghunluq
15
45 May 1994
Mark Hansell Carleton College
The Sino-Alphabet: The Assimilation of Roman Letters into the Chinese Writing System
28
46 July 1994
various Reviews (V) 2, 155
Previous Issues, cont.
Number Date Author Title Pages
47 Aug. 1994
Robert S. Bauer Mahidol University Salaya Nakornpathom, Thailand
Sino-Tibetan *kolo “Wheel” 11
48 Sept. 1994
Victor H. Mair University of Pennsylvania
Introduction and Notes for a Complete Translation of the Chuang Tzu
xxxiv, 110
49 Oct. 1994
Ludo Rocher University of Pennsylvania
Orality and Textuality in the Indian Context
28
50 Nov. 1994
YIN Binyong State Language Commission and Institute for Applied Linguistics (Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)
Diyi ge Lading Zimu de Hanyu Pinyin Fang’an Shi Zenyang Chansheng de? [How Was the First Romanized Spelling System for Sinitic Produced?]
7
51 Nov. 1994
HAN Kangxin Institute of Archeology Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
The Study of Ancient Human Skeletons from Xinjiang, China
9 + 4 figs.
52 Nov. 1994
Warren A. Shibles University of Wisconsin Whitewater
Chinese Romanization Systems: IPA Transliteration
20
53 Nov. 1994
XU Wenkan Editorial Offices of the Hanyu Da Cidian Shanghai
Guanyu Tuhuoluoren de Qiyuan he Qianxi Wenti [On the Problem of the Origins and Migrations of the Tocharians]
11
54 Nov. 1994
Üjiyediin Chuluu (Chaolu Wu) University of Toronto
Introduction, Grammar, and Sample Sentences for Jegün Yogur
34
55 Nov. 1994
Üjiyediin Chuluu (Chaolu Wu) University of Toronto
Introduction, Grammar, and Sample Sentences for Dongxiang
34
Previous Issues, cont.
Number Date Author Title Pages
56 Nov. 1994
Üjiyediin Chuluu (Chaolu Wu) University of Toronto
Introduction, Grammar, and Sample Sentences for Dagur
36
57 Nov. 1994
Üjiyediin Chuluu (Chaolu Wu) University of Toronto
Introduction, Grammar, and Sample Sentences for Monguor
31
58 Nov. 1994
Üjiyediin Chuluu (Chaolu Wu) University of Toronto
Introduction, Grammar, and Sample Sentences for Baoan
28
59 Dec. 1994
Kevin Stuart Qinghai Junior Teachers College; Limusishiden Qinghai Medical College Attached Hospital, Xining, Kokonor (Qinghai)
China’s Monguor Minority: Ethnography and Folktales
i, I, 193
60 Dec. 1994
Kevin Stuart, Li Xuewei, and Shelear Qinghai Junior Teachers College, Xining, Kokonor (Qinghai)
China’s Dagur Minority: Society, Shamanism, and Folklore
vii, 167
61 Dec. 1994
Kevin Stuart and Li Xuewei Qinghai Junior Teachers College, Xining, Kokonor (Qinghai)
Tales from China’s Forest Hunters: Oroqen Folktales
iv, 59
62 Dec. 1994
William C. Hannas Georgetown University
Reflections on the “Unity” of Spoken and Written Chinese and Academic Learning in China
5
63 Dec. 1994
Sarah M. Nelson University of Denver
The Development of Complexity in Prehistoric North China
17
Previous Issues, cont.
Number Date Author Title Pages
64 Jan. 1995
Arne Østmoe Bangkok, Thailand, and Drøbak, Norway
A Germanic-Tai Linguistic Puzzle 81, 6
65 Feb. 1995
Penglin Wang Chinese University of Hong Kong
Indo-European Loanwords in Altaic
28
66 March 1995
ZHU Qingzhi Sichuan University and Peking University
Some Linguistic Evidence for Early Cultural Exchange Between China and India
7
67 April 1995
David McCraw University of Hawaii
Pursuing Zhuangzi as a Rhymemaster: A Snark-Hunt in Eight Fits
38
68 May 1995
Ke Peng, Yanshi Zhu University of Chicago and Tokyo, Japan
New Research on the Origin of Cowries Used in Ancient China
i, 26
69 Jan. 1996
Dpal-ldan-bkra-shis, Keith Slater, et al. Qinghai, Santa Barbara, etc.
Language Materials of China’s Monguor Minority: Huzhu Mongghul and Minhe Mangghuer
xi, 266
70 Feb. 1996
David Utz, Xinru Liu, Taylor Carman, Bryan Van Norden, and the Editor Philadelphia, Vassar, etc.
Reviews VI 93
71 March 1996
Erik Zürcher Leiden University Seishi Karashima Soka University Huanming Qin Tang Studies Hotline
Vernacularisms in Medieval Chinese Texts
31 + 11 + 8
72 May 1996
E. Bruce Brooks University of Massachusetts
The Life and Mentorship of Confucius
44
Previous Issues, cont.
Number Date Author Title Pages
73 June 1996
ZHANG Juan, et al., and Kevin Stuart Qinghai, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Henan, Liaoning
Blue Cloth and Pearl Deer; Yogur Folklore
iii, 76
74 Jan. 1997
David Moser University of Michigan & Beijing Foreign Studies University
Covert Sexism in Mandarin Chinese
23
75 Feb. 1997
Haun Saussy Stanford University
The Prestige of Writing: Wen2, Letter, Picture, Image, Ideography
40
76 Feb. 1997
Patricia Eichenbaum Karetzky Bard College
The Evolution of the Symbolism of the Paradise of the Buddha of Infinite Life and Its Western Origins
28
77 Jan. 1998
Daniel Hsieh Purdue University
The Origin and Nature of the “Nineteen Old Poems”
49
78 Feb. 1998
Narsu Inner Mongolia College of Agriculture & Animal Husbandry Kevin Stuart Qinghai Junior Teachers’ College
Practical Mongolian Sentences (With English Translation)
iii + 49 + ii +
66
79 March 1998
Dennis Grafflin Bates College
A Southeast Asian Voice in the Daodejing?
8
80 July 1998
Taishan Yu Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
A Study of Saka History ii + 225
81 Sept. 1998
Hera S. Walker Ursinus College (Philadelphia)
Indigenous or Foreign?: A Look at the Origins of the Monkey Hero Sun Wukong
iv + 110
Previous Issues, cont.
Number Date Author Title Pages
82 Sept. 1998
I. S. Gurevich Russian Academy of Sciences
A Fragment of a pien-wen(?) Related to the Cycle “On Buddha’s Life”
15
83 Oct. 1998
Minglang Zhou University of Colorado at Boulder
Tense/Aspect markers in Mandarin and Xiang dialects, and their contact
20
84 Oct. 1998
Ulf Jäger Gronau/Westfalen, Germany
The New Old Mummies from Eastern Central Asia: Ancestors of the Tocharian Knights Depicted on the Buddhist Wallpaintings of Kucha and Turfan? Some Circumstantial Evidence
9
85 Oct. 1998
Mariko Namba Walter University of New England
Tokharian Buddhism in Kucha: Buddhism of Indo-European Centum Speakers in Chinese Turkestan before the 10th Century C.E.
30
86 Oct. 1998
Jidong Yang University of Pennsylvania
Siba: Bronze Age Culture of the Gansu Corridor
18
87 Nov. 1998
Victor H. Mair University of Pennsylvania
Canine Conundrums: Eurasian Dog Ancestor Myths in Historical and Ethnic Perspective
74
88 Dec. 1998
Saroj Kumar Chaudhuri Aichi Gakusen University
Siddham in China and Japan 9, 124
89 Jan. 1999
Alvin Lin Yale University
Writing Taiwanese: The Development of Modern Written Taiwanese
4 + 41 + 4
90 Jan. 1999
Victor H. Mair et al Reviews VII [including review of The Original Analects]
2, 38
Previous Issues, cont.
Number Date Author Title Pages
91 Jan. 1999
Victor H. Mair University of Pennsylvania
Phonosymbolism or Etymology: The Case of the Verb “Cop”
28
92 Jan. 1999
Christine Louise Lin Dartmouth College
The Presbyterian Church in Taiwan and the Advocacy of Local Autonomy
xiii + 136
93 Jan. 1999
David S. Nivison Stanford University
The Key to the Chronology of the Three Dynasties: The “Modern Text” Bamboo Annals
iv + 68
94 March 1999
Julie Lee Wei Hoover Institute
Correspondence Between the Chinese Calendar Signs and the Phoenician Alphabet
65 + 6
95 May 1999
Victor H. Mair University of Pennsylvania
A Medieval, Central Asian Buddhist Theme in a Late Ming Taoist Tale by Feng Meng-lung
27
96 June 1999
E. Bruce Brooks University of Massachusetts
Alexandrian Motifs in Chinese Texts
14
97 Dec. 1999
LI Shuicheng Peking University
Sino-Western Contact in the Second Millennium BC
iv, 29
98 Jan. 2000
Peter Daniels, Daniel Boucher, and other authors
Reviews VIII 108
99 Feb. 2000
Anthony Barbieri-Low Princeton University
Wheeled Vehicles in the Chinese Bronze Age (c. 2000-741 BC)
v, 98 + 5 color plates
100 Feb. 2000
Wayne Alt Community College of Baltimore County (Essex)
Zhuangzi, Mysticism, and the Rejection of Distinctions
29
Previous Issues, cont.
Number Date Author Title Pages
101 March 2000
C. Michele Thompson South Connecticut State University
The Viêt Peoples and the Origins of Nom
71, 1
102 March 2000
Theresa Jen Bryn Mawr College Ping Xu Baruch College
Penless Chinese Character Reproduction
15
103 June 2000
Carrie E. Reid Middlebury College
Early Chinese Tattoo 52
104 July 2000
David W. Pankenier Lehigh University
Popular Astrology and Border Affairs in Early China
19 + 1 color plate
105 Aug. 2000
Anne Birrell Cambridge University
Postmodernist Theory in Recent Studies of Chinese Literature
31
106 Sept. 2000
Yu Taishan Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
A Hypothesis about the Sources of the Sai Tribes
i, 3, 200
107 Sept. 2000
Jacques deLisle, Adelheid E. Krohne, and the editor
Reviews IX 148 + map
108 Sept. 2000
Ruth H. Chang University of Pennsylvania
Understanding Di and Tian: Deity and Heaven From Shang to Tang
vii, 54
109 Oct. 2000
Conán Dean Carey Stanford University
In Hell the One without Sin is Lord ii, 60
110 Oct. 2000
Toh Hoong Teik Harvard University
Shaykh 'Alam: The Emperor of Early Sixteenth-Century China
20
111 Nov. 2000
Victor H. Mair University of Pennsylvania
The Need for a New Era 10
Previous Issues, cont.
Number Date Author Title Pages
112 July 2001
Victor H. Mair University of Pennsylvania
Notes on the Anau Inscription xi, 93
113 Aug. 2001
Ray Collins Chepachet, RI David Kerr Melbourne, FL
Etymology of the Word “Macrobiotic:s” and Its Use in Modern Chinese Scholarship
18
114 March 2002
Ramnath Subbaraman University of Chicago
Beyond the Question of the Monkey Imposter: Indian Influence on the Chinese Novel, The Journey to the West
35
115 April 2002
ZHOU Jixu Sichuan Normal University
Correspondences of Basic Words Between Old Chinese and Proto-Indo-European
8
116 May 2002
LIU Yongquan Institute of Linguistics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
On the Problem of Chinese Lettered Words
13
117 May 2002
SHANG Wei Columbia University
Baihua, Guanhua, Fangyan and the May Fourth Reading of Rulin Waishi
10
118 June 2002
Justine T. Snow Port Townsend, WA
Evidence for the Indo-European Origin of Two Ancient Chinese Deities
ii, 75, 1
color, 1 b-w print
119 July 2002
WU Zhen Xinjiang Museum, Ürümchi
“Hu” Non-Chinese as They Appear in the Materials from the Astana Graveyard at Turfan
21, 5 figs.
120 July 2002
Anne Birrell University of Cambridge, Clare Hall
Female-Gendered Myth in the Classic of Mountains and Seas
47
Previous Issues, cont.
Number Date Author Title Pages
121 July 2002
Mark Edward Lewis Stanford University
Dicing and Divination in Early China
22, 7 figs.
122 July 2002
Julie Wilensky Yale Univesity
The Magical Kunlun and “Devil Slaves”: Chinese Perceptions of Dark-skinned People and Africa before 1500
51, 3 figs.
123 Aug. 2002
Paul R. Goldin and the editor
Reviews X 30
124 August 2002
Fredrik T. Hiebert University of Pennsylvania John Colarusso McMaster University
The Context of the Anau Seal Remarks on the Anau and Niyä Seals
1-34
35-47
125 July 2003
ZHOU Jixu Sichuan Normal University Shanghai Normal University
Correspondences of Cultural Words between Old Chinese and Proto-Indo-European
19
126 Aug. 2003
Tim Miller University of Washington
A Southern Min Word in the Tsu-t’ang chi
14
127 Oct. 2003
Sundeep S. Jhutti Petaluma, California
The Getes 125, 8 color plates
128 Nov. 2003
Yinpo Tschang New York City
On Proto-Shang 18
129 Dec. 2003
Michael Witzel Harvard University
Linguistic Evidence for Cultural Exchange in Prehistoric Western Central Asia
70
130 Feb. 2004
Bede Fahey Fort St. John, British Columbia
Mayan: A Sino-Tibetan Language? A Comparative Study
61
Previous Issues, cont.
Number Date Author Title Pages
131 March 2004
Taishan Yu Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
A History of the Relationship between the Western and Eastern Han, Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties and the Western Regions
1, 3, 352
132 April 2004
Kim Hayes Sydney
On the Presence of Non-Chinese at Anyang
11
133 April 2004
John L. Sorenson Brigham Young University Carl L. Johannessen University of Oregon
Scientific Evidence for Pre-Columbian Transoceanic Voyages CD-ROM
48, 166,
19, 15 plates
134 May 2004
Xieyan Hincha Neumädewitz, Germany
Two Steps Toward Digraphia in China
i, 22
135 May 2004
John J. Emerson Portland, Oregon
The Secret History of the Mongols and Western Literature
21
136 May 2004
Serge Papillon Mouvaux, France and Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Influences tokhariennes sur la mythologie chinoise
47
137 June 2004
Hoong Teik Toh Harvard University
Some Classical Malay Materials for the Study of the Chinese Novel Journey to the West
64
138 June 2004
Julie Lee Wei San Jose and London
Dogs and Cats: Lessons from Learning Chinese
17
139 June 2004
Taishan Yu Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
A Hypothesis on the Origin of the Yu State
20
140 June 2004
Yinpo Tschang New York City
Shih and Zong: Social Organization in Bronze Age China
28
141 July 2004
Yinpo Tschang New York City
Chaos in Heaven: On the Calendars of Preclassical China
30
Previous Issues, cont.
Number Date Author Title Pages
142 July 2004
Katheryn Linduff, ed. University of Pittsburgh
Silk Road Exchange in China 64
143 July 2004
Victor H. Mair University of Pennsylvania
Sleep in Dream: Soporific Responses to Depression in Story of the Stone
99
144 July 2004
RONG Xinjiang Peking University
Land Route or Sea Route? Commentary on the Study of the Paths of Transmission and Areas in which Buddhism Was Disseminated during the Han Period
32
145 Aug. 2004
the editor
Reviews XI 2, 41
146 Feb. 2005
Hoong Teik Toh Academia Sinica
The -yu Ending in Xiongnu, Xianbei, and Gaoju Onomastica
24
147 March 2005
Hoong Teik Toh Academia Sinica
Ch. Qiong ~ Tib. Khyung; Taoism ~ Bonpo -- Some Questions Related to Early Ethno-Religious History in Sichuan
18
148 April 2005
Lucas Christopoulos Beijing Sports University
Le gréco-bouddhisme et l’art du poing en Chine
52
149 May 2005
Kimberly S. Te Winkle University College, London
A Sacred Trinity: God, Mountain, and Bird: Cultic Practices of the Bronze Age Chengdu Plain
ii, 103 (41 in color)
150 May 2005
Dolkun Kamberi Washington, DC
Uyghurs and Uyghur Identity 44
151 June 2005
Jane Jia SI University of Pennsylvania
The Genealogy of Dictionaries: Producers, Literary Audience, and the Circulation of English Texts in the Treaty Port of Shanghai
44, 4 tables
Previous Issues, cont.
Number Date Author Title Pages
152 June 2005
Denis Mair Seattle
The Dance of Qian and Kun in the Zhouyi
13, 2 figs.
153 July 2005
Alan Piper London (UK)
The Mysterious Origins of the Word “Marihuana”
17
154 July 2005
Serge Papillon Belfort, France
Mythologie sino-européenne 174, 1 plate
155 July 2005
Denis Mair Seattle
Janus-Like Concepts in the Li and Kun Trigrams
8
156 July 2005
Abolqasem Esmailpour Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran
Manichean Gnosis and Creation 157
157 Aug. 2005
Ralph D. Sawyer Independent Scholar
Paradoxical Coexistence of Prognostication and Warfare
13
158 Aug. 2005
Mark Edward Lewis Stanford University
Writings on Warfare Found in Ancient Chinese Tombs
15
159 Aug. 2005
Jens Østergaard Petersen University of Copenhagen
The Zuozhuan Account of the Death of King Zhao of Chu and Its Sources
47
160 Sept. 2005
Matteo Compareti Venice
Literary Evidence for the Identification of Some Common Scenes in Han Funerary Art
14
161 Sept. 2005
Julie Lee Wei London
The Names of the Yi Jing Trigrams: An Inquiry into Their Linguistic Origins
18
162 Sept. 2005
Julie Lee Wei London
Counting and Knotting: Correspondences between Old Chinese and Indo-European
71, map
Previous Issues, cont.
Number Date Author Title Pages
163 Oct. 2005
Julie Lee Wei London
Huangdi and Huntun (the Yellow Emperor and Wonton): A New Hypothesis on Some Figures in Chinese Mythology
44
164 Oct. 2005
Julie Lee Wei London
Shang and Zhou: An Inquiry into the Linguistic Origins of Two Dynastic Names
62
165 Oct. 2005
Julie Lee Wei London
DAO and DE: An Inquiry into the Linguistic Origins of Some Terms in Chinese Philosophy and Morality
51
166 Nov. 2005
Julie Lee Wei London Hodong Kim Seoul National University and David Selvia and the Editor both of the University of Pennsylvania
Reviews XII i, 63
167 Dec. 2005
ZHOU Jixu Sichuan Normal University
Old Chinese '帝*tees' and Proto-Indo-European “*deus”: Similarity in Religious Ideas and a Common Source in Linguistics
17
168 Dec. 2005
Judith A. Lerner New York City
Aspects of Assimilation: the Funerary Practices and Furnishings of Central Asians in China
51, v, 9
plates
169 Jan. 2006
Victor H. Mair University of Pennsylvania
Conversion Tables for the Three-Volume Edition of the Hanyu Da Cidian
i, 284
170 Feb. 2006
Amber R. Woodward University of Pennsylvania
Learning English, Losing Face, and Taking Over: The Method (or Madness) of Li Yang and His Crazy English
18
Previous Issues, cont.
Number Date Author Title Pages
Beginning with issue no. 171, Sino-Platonic Papers will be published electronically on the Web. Issues from no. 1 to no. 170, however, will continue to be sold as paper copies until our stock runs out, after which they too will be made available on the Web. For prices of paper copies, see the catalog at
www.sino-platonic.org
171 June 2006
John DeFrancis University of Hawaii
The Prospects for Chinese Writing Reform
26, 3 figs.
172 Aug. 2006
Deborah Beaser The Outlook for Taiwanese Language Preservation
18
173 Oct. 2006
Taishan Yu Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
A Study of the History of the Relationship Between the Western and Eastern Han, Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties and the Western Regions
167
174 Nov. 2006
Mariko Namba Walter Sogdians and Buddhism 65
175 Dec. 2006
Zhou Jixu Center for East Asian Studies, University of Pennsylvania; Chinese Department, Sichuan Normal University
The Rise of Agricultural Civilization in China: The Disparity between Archeological Discovery and the Documentary Record and Its Explanation
38
176 May 2007
Eric Henry University of North Carolina
The Submerged History of Yuè 36
177 Aug. 2007
Beverley Davis Timeline of the Development of the Horse
186