Introduction Computer Organization and Architecture: Lesson 1.
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Transcript of Introduction Computer Organization and Architecture: Lesson 1.
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IntroductionComputer Organization and Architecture: Lesson 1
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ORGANIZATION VS. ARCHITECTURE
Computer Organization Computer Architecture
Physical aspects of a computer system
Study on how various circuits and components fit together to create a working computer
Logical Aspects of a computer system
Focuses on the structure and behavior of a computer system
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MAIN COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM
Processor •Interpret and execute programs
Memory •Store both data and programs
I/O Mechanism •Transfer data to and from outside world
Principle of Equivalence of Hardware and Software:Anything that can be done with software can also be done with hardware, and anything that can be done with hardware can also be done with software.
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Example Computer System
Pentium III 667 MHz133 MHz 64MB SDRAM32KB L1 cache, 256 KB L2 cache30GB EIDE hard drive (7200 RPM)48x max variable CD-ROM2 USB ports, 1 serial port, 1 parallel port19 “ monitor, 24mm AG, 1280x1024 at 85 GHzIntel 3D AGP Graphics Card56K PCI Voice Modem64-bit PCI soundcard
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A Look Inside the Computer:
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STANDARDS ORGANIZATIONS
Computer Manufacturers have agreed to comply with connectivity and operational specifications established by a number of government and industry organizations.
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)
International Telecommunications Union (ITU)
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
International Organization on Standardization (ISO)
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HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
Generation Zero:
Mechanical Calculating Machines
Generation One:
Vacuum Tube
Computers
Generation Two:
Transistorized
Computes
Generation Three:
Integrated Circuit
Computers
Generation Four:VLSI
Computers
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MOORE’S LAW
“The density of transistors in an integrated
circuit will double every
year.”
-Gordon Moore
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THE COMPUTER LEVEL HIERARCHY
User
System Software
Machine
Control
Digital
Logic
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THE VON NEUMANN ARCHITECTURE
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THE MODIFIED VON NEUMANN ARCHITECTURE