Introduction Computer Organization and Architecture: Lesson 1.
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Transcript of Introduction Computer Organization and Architecture: Lesson 1.
IntroductionComputer Organization and Architecture: Lesson 1
ORGANIZATION VS. ARCHITECTURE
Computer Organization Computer Architecture
Physical aspects of a computer system
Study on how various circuits and components fit together to create a working computer
Logical Aspects of a computer system
Focuses on the structure and behavior of a computer system
MAIN COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM
Processor •Interpret and execute programs
Memory •Store both data and programs
I/O Mechanism •Transfer data to and from outside world
Principle of Equivalence of Hardware and Software:Anything that can be done with software can also be done with hardware, and anything that can be done with hardware can also be done with software.
Example Computer System
Pentium III 667 MHz133 MHz 64MB SDRAM32KB L1 cache, 256 KB L2 cache30GB EIDE hard drive (7200 RPM)48x max variable CD-ROM2 USB ports, 1 serial port, 1 parallel port19 “ monitor, 24mm AG, 1280x1024 at 85 GHzIntel 3D AGP Graphics Card56K PCI Voice Modem64-bit PCI soundcard
A Look Inside the Computer:
STANDARDS ORGANIZATIONS
Computer Manufacturers have agreed to comply with connectivity and operational specifications established by a number of government and industry organizations.
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)
International Telecommunications Union (ITU)
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
International Organization on Standardization (ISO)
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
Generation Zero:
Mechanical Calculating Machines
Generation One:
Vacuum Tube
Computers
Generation Two:
Transistorized
Computes
Generation Three:
Integrated Circuit
Computers
Generation Four:VLSI
Computers
MOORE’S LAW
“The density of transistors in an integrated
circuit will double every
year.”
-Gordon Moore
THE COMPUTER LEVEL HIERARCHY
User
System Software
Machine
Control
Digital
Logic
THE VON NEUMANN ARCHITECTURE
THE MODIFIED VON NEUMANN ARCHITECTURE