Introduction Biorefinery Definition · Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th ed....
Transcript of Introduction Biorefinery Definition · Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th ed....
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Definition
[1] U.S. Department of Energy (DEO), Energy, Environmental and Economics (E3)
Handbook (2000), see also [2]
[2] Kamm, B.; Gruber, P. R.; Kamm, M.; Biorefineries- Industrial Processes and Products,
Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th ed. Wiley VCH, 2007, 2011, (new ed. 2015)
A biorefinery is a complex and integrated
system of processes and plants in which
biomass is converted to a multitude of
products.
A biorefinery is modeled on the concept of a
petrochemical refinery [1, 2].
Biorefineries combine the technologies
between biogenic raw materials and the
industrial intermediate and end products.
Biorefinery
Petroleum
Chemistry
Fuels
and
Energy
Refinery Biorefinery
Fuels
and
Energy
- Bioethanol,
- Biodiesel, Biogas
- Hydrogen
Material Utilisation,
Chemistry
- Basic and Fine
chemicals,
- Biopolymers and Bioplastics
Biomass
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Principles (1)ACHEMA 2006
Kamm, B.; Kamm, M.; Principles of Biorefineries. Appl. Microbiol, Biotechnol., (AMB), 64 (2004) 137-145
Conversion of
Raw Material
Raw Material
Carbohydrates
Lignin
Fats
Proteins
Special
SubstancesEnergy
Complex
Substances
Primary RefineryAgriculture
Biorefinery
Industry
Product lines
Product lines
Product lines
Product lines
Product lines
Inorganic
Substances.
Special Substances:
Pigments,
Dyes,
Aromatic Essences,
Flavours,
Enzymes,
Hormones,
and other
Biorefineries combine necessary technologies between
biological raw materials and the industrial intermediates and final products.
After providing code-defined basic substances (via fractionation) it is necessary to develop industrially relevant Product Family Trees.
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Principles (2)
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ACHEMA 2006
Precursors-contained
Biomass
Sugar-beet
/-cane
Cereals
/ Maize
Wood /
Soft woodSoya/Rape
Alfalfa/
Grass/Clover
Cellulose
Lignin Carbohydrates Fats Proteins
Starch Saccharose
Glucose
Dilactide
Acrylic acid
2,3-Pentanedion
Lactic acid
bacterial
Biomass-
Precursors
Material-
Precursors
Oil
Syngas
Levulinic
acid
Ethene
Acetic acid
Ethanol
enzymatic
Enzymes
Ethyllactate
chemical
Energy
Methanol
Gasoline
Amino-
acids
Feed
Straw
Bagasse
Leaf
Lignin
Polymers
Plant biomass always consist of the basic products:Carbohydrates, lignin, proteins, and fats
Kamm, B.; Kamm, M.; Principles of Biorefineries. Appl. Microbiol, Biotechnol., (AMB), 64 (2004) 137-145
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ACHEMA 2006
In the first step, the precursor containing biomass is separated mostly by physical methods.
•The M1-Mn- and B1-Bn-products will subsequently be subjected to microbiological and/ or chemical methods.
•In the following, the F1-Fn-products can be further converted or enter the conventional refinery.
The goal principle of a biorefinery is defined in the following:
(Biomass) Feedstock-Mix + Process-Mix Product Mix
Principles (3)
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Principles (4)
Basic principles of a biorefinery [phase III or type III biorefinery]
Feedstock(s)
biological raw material
various, mixed
Processing-Technologies
various,
combined
Products
Substances and Energy
various,
multi product systems
• Food and Feed Grains,
• Ligno-cellulosic Biomass,
(e.g. late grass, reed, bush, harvest rest)
• Forest Biomass, (e.g. wood, underwood, waste wood-processing)
• Municipal Solid Waste (MSW),(e.g. paper/cardboard, town-cleaning, hospitals)
• Bioprocesses
( bacterial, enzymatic a.o.),
• Chemical Processes,
• Thermo-chemical Processes,
• Thermal Processes,
• Physical Processes,
• Fuels,
• Chemicals,
• Materials ( e.g. Polymers )
• Specialities,
• Commodities, Goods
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Biorefinery Definition
• ‘Biorefinery is the sustainable processing of biomass into a
spectrum of marketable products and energy‘
• IEA Task 42
• Biorefinery concepts, facilities, plants, processes, cluster(s) of industries
• Sustainable maximising economics, and minimizing environmental aspects,
• Fossil fuels and feedstock replacement
• Biomass crops, such as agriculture residues, forest residues, aquatic biomass
• Spectrum: more than one marketable product
• Marketable products: both intermediates and final products (i.e. fuels, power, heat, food, feed, chemicals, materials)
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Biorefinery Definition
Work Programme – The Activities of Task 42
Focus are international and national networking activities,
standardisation and certification of biobased products, policy
advice, the role of industrial and SME stakeholders from the
bioenergy and biofuel sectors in the transition to a BioEconomy,
and increased co-operation with other IEA Collaboration
Programmes (i.e. IEA-IETS), IEA Bioenergy Tasks, and international
organisations (FAO, OECD, EC DG JRC, EU ETIP and EERA
Bioenergy, etc.
https://www.iea-bioenergy.task42-biorefineries.com/en/ieabiorefinery.htm
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Biorefinery Definition
• Product Quality – Reporting on related biobased products/bioenergy standardisation, certification and policy activities at national, European and global levels.
• International developments in biomass standardisation/certification, Role Bioenergy and Biorefining in a Circular Economy, Sustainable supply chains
• Evolving BioEconomy – Analysing and advising on perspectives biorefiningin a Circular BioEconomy
• Monitoring of the Evolving BioEconomy in co-operation with EC DG JRC, Biorefinery Success Stories
• Communication, Dissemination and Training – Knowledge exchange by stakeholder consultation, reporting and lecturing.
Work Programme – The Activities of Task 42
https://www.iea-bioenergy.task42-biorefineries.com/en/ieabiorefinery.htm
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Biorefinery Definition
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