Introduction and Background Literature Review
Transcript of Introduction and Background Literature Review
Literature Review
Methodology
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
ReferencesReferences
Introduction and BackgroundIntroduction and Background
Dresden Nexus Conference 2020 (DNC2020), Theme “Circular Economy in a Sustainable Society”, 3–5 June 2020– United Nations University (UNU-FLORES), Technische Universitat Dresden, Leibniz Institute of Ecological Urban and Regional Development, Germany
Waste to Energy (WtE) Technologies
A waste crisis is looming in the City of Johannesburg (CoJ) with
more than 14 million tonnes/annum of municipal solid waste
(MSW), animal waste and wastewater plants generation. The
implementation of advanced waste-to-energy (WtE) conversion
technologies offers cost effective, increase energy security, as a
method for safe disposal of solid and liquid waste, attractive
option to generate heat, power and fuel (renewable energy) and
can greatly reduce environmental impacts of waste in emerging
economy and support climate policy goals around the world.
Waste can be converted to energy by convectional technologies
such as: gasification, incineration, pyrolysis, fermentation and
anaerobic digestion. Through multi-criteria decision analysis
(MCDA) approach, biogas digestion technology was found to be
the most suitable technology for WtE.
ObjectivesObjectives
The authors wish to express their appreciations to:
➢ Depart of Chemical Engineering, University of
Johannesburg (UJ)
➢ PEETS: Process Energy Environment Technology
station (UJ)
➢ CoJ: City of Johannesburg
➢ SANEDI: South African National Energy
Development Institute
➢ TIA: Technology Innovation Agency
➢ GladTech International Ltd
➢ WRC: Water Research Commission
➢ Prof F. Ntuli, Prof J.C. Ngila, Dr S. Caucci, Dr C.K.
Njenga, Ms M.N. Matheri, Mrs L.W. Hager, Ms E.
Nabadda, Prof C. Zvinowanda, Dr T. Sediogeng
WASTE TO ENERGY TECHNOLOGY IN THE EMERGING ECONOMY (SOUTH AFRICA)
A.N. Matheri1*, M. Belaid1,
1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, South Africa.
*1Corresponding author: [email protected] [email protected] Tel: +27115596402
Fig 5: Waste to
Energy Modelling
framework
Fig 7: Biogas production set-up (Biochemical Methane
Potential (BMP) test, (1) Thermostatic water bath, (2)
Automated Bio-digester, (3) CO2-Fixing Unit and (4)
Biomethane Volume Measuring Device)
➢ Matheri, A.N., Mbohwa, C., Ntuli, F., Belaid, M., Seodigeng, T., Ngila, J.C.
and Njenga, C.K., 2018. Waste to energy bio-digester selection and design
model for the organic fraction of municipal solid waste. Renewable and
sustainable energy reviews, 82, pp.1113-1121.
➢ Matheri, A.N., Ntuli, F., Ngila, J.C., Seodigeng, T., Zvinowanda, C. and
Njenga, C.K., 2018. Quantitative characterization of carbonaceous and
lignocellulosic biomass for anaerobic digestion. Renewable and Sustainable
Energy Reviews, 92, pp.9-16.
➢ Matheri, A.N., 2019. Mathematical Modelling of the Biological Wastewater
Treatment and Bioenergy Production Processes. Doctoral Thesis, University
of Johannesburg.
➢ Matheri, A.N., 2016. Mathematical Modelling for Biogas Production
(Masters dissertation, University of Johannesburg).
➢ Software: AI-tools, Dynochem, Matlab, Bioprocess, Quasim, Python,
ChemCad, West, Simba, Aspen etc
The objectives of this work is:
➢To carry out waste quantification and characterisationexercise (feasibility study)
➢To use multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) model toanalyse WtE technologies.
➢ To investigate the operational conditions of the biogasproduction.
➢To analyse thermodynamic and reaction kinetics models.
➢To mathematically model and simulate biogas production.
➢To validate the results
➢To design the bio-digester for biogas production.
Fig 12: Bio-digester design
Fig 9: WtE Technologies Ranking Against
Each Criteria Using Analytic Hierarchy
Process (AHP) in Decision Making
Fig 8: MSW Quantification from City of
Johannesburg landfill
Results and DiscussionsResults and Discussions
Waste Quantification
Waste Characterisation
MCDA for WtE Technologies
Biogas Potential Analysis
Mathematical Modelling
Biogas Process Design
Fig 11: Biogas production model
Fig 10: Current State and Future
Projection of Electricity in South Africa
Table 1: Biogas Production
Fig 4: Circular Economy in Technology
Station (UJ-PEETS)
Fig 3: Waste to energy technology and
energy use
Fig 2: Waste to Energy Technology PathwaysFig 1: Waste Reduction Hierarchy
Fig 6: Anaerobic Digestion
Pathways