Introduction

The Temporary Trade Barriers Database (TTBD) website hosts newly collected, freely available, and detailed data on

more than thirty different national governments’ use of policies such as antidumping (AD), global safeguards (SG),

China-specific transitional safeguard (CSG) measures, and countervailing duties (CVD). The information provided in

this detailed data base will cover over 95% of the global use of these particular import-restricting trade remedy

instruments.

The TTBD consists of the Global Antidumping Database, which has been freely and publicly available since 2005,

and four other databases of temporary trade barriers.

The data collection project was initiated with seed funding by Brandeis University, and significantly expanded via

funding from the Development Research Group of the World Bank, and the Global Trade and Financial Architecture

(GTFA) project initiative sponsored by the UK Department for International Development (DFID).

This data collection effort is the first attempt to use original source national government documentation to organize

information on products (HS codes), firms, the investigative procedure and outcomes of the historical use (since the

1980s) of these policy instruments across most of the WTO system’s users.

History and Evolution Version 1.0 of the Global Antidumping Database was launched to the public in August 2005 with detailed data on 16

policy-using countries.

Version 2.0 (March 2006) the Global Antidumping Database added three new countries (China, Indonesia, Taiwan)

with extensive data to bring the total to 19 economies. One additional country (Japan) with minimal data was also

entered. Data corrections were provided for six other economies (Argentina, European Union, India, Mexico, Turkey,

United States).

In Version 2.1 (September 2006), safeguard use data was entered for all WTO member countries for the 1995-2005

period and provided in a new set of spreadsheets. For each of the 19 AD-using countries for which we have detailed

data, data on revocation dates and years were added or verified/added. This data was taken from bi-annual reports

from the WTO’s Committee on Anti-dumping Practices under Article 16.4 of the Agreement. Detailed data linking

challenged to specific AD, SG and CVM measures via formal WTO Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU) trade

disputes has been added via a new set of spreadsheets. These can then be matched to extensive DSU data found in

Henrik Horn and Petros Mavroidis’s WTO Dispute Settlement Database, also funded by the World Bank.

In Version 3.0 (June 2007), we added a handful of new variables to each AD-CTY-Master spreadsheet describing the

WTO-reported outcomes to the AD investigations. This is designed for researchers to be able to check against what

governments report in their national publications which is captured in other variables in the database - i.e., to verify

consistency or to replace missing (unreported) outcomes.

In Version 5.0 beta (June 2009), Version 5.0 (July 2009), and Version 5.1 (October 2009), we added a number of

new countries for our detailed reporting of antidumping and countervailing duties, and we introduced coverage of a

new policy instrument - the China-specific transitional safeguard policy. Detailed raw data became available for

twenty-five antidumping-using countries (Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica,

EU, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, South Africa, South Korea,

Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, USA, and Venezuela). According to data from the WTO, for all member economies that

still “control” use of their own trade policies in 2009 - i.e., subtracting out newly acceded member states to the EC that

used AD prior to their EC accession - these 25 Members initiated 93% all antidumping investigations by the WTO

membership during 1995-2008, and include 23 of the 25 most frequent users. (Missing from the top 25 are #14 Egypt

and #20 Israel). We also have detailed data for twelve countervailing duty-using countries (Argentina, Australia,

Brazil, Canada, Costa Rica, European Union, India, Mexico, Turkey, United States), in addition to all global

safeguards and China-specific safeguards notifications that have made been to the WTO. In the midst of the global

economic crisis, beginning in March 2009, we provided quarterly monitoring reports on the use of these trade policies

around the world over time.

In Versions 6.0 (March 2010), we extended data coverage through the end of 2009.

May 2010 further updated the data through the first quarter of 2010. It also established the new name for the

comprehensive Temporary Trade Barriers Database, which currently consists of five underlying policy-specific

databases: Global Antidumping Database (GAD), Global Countervailing Duties Database (GCVD), China-Specific

Safeguards Database (CSGD), WTO Disputes Database (DSUD), and Global Safeguards Database (GSGD).

May 2012 further updated the data through the end of 2011 and extended Argentina's data back to 1989

Future The database is archived and will no longer be updated.

Monitoring Reports

Date Information Provided

June 19, 2014 NEW! Public release of data through 2013 in the Temporary Trade Barriers

Database (TTBD)

● Updated detailed information in the Global Antidumping Database

(GAD) through 2013 for thirty-one (31) antidumping-using economies

(Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa

Rica, Ecuador, European Union, India, Indonesia, Israel, Jamaica,

Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru,

Philippines, South Africa, South Korea, Taiwan, China, Thailand,

Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Uruguay, United States, and Venezuela).

○ Updated through 2013 antidumping data for “other” countries

(GAD-OTH), which includes Bulgaria, Czech Republic,

Dominican Republic, Egypt, Guatemala, Honduras, Jordan,

Latvia, Lithuania, Morocco, Nicaragua, Panama, Poland,

Russia, Singapore, Slovenia and Ukraine.

● Updated detailed information in Global Countervailing Duty Database

(GCVD) through 2013 for seventeen (17) countervailing duty-using

countries (Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Costa

Rica, European Union, India, Japan, Mexico, Pakistan, Peru, South

Africa, Turkey, United States, Venezuela).

○ Updated through 2013 countervailing duty data for “other”

countries (GCVD-OTH), which includes Egypt, Israel, Latvia,

and New Zealand.

● Updated detailed information in Global Safeguards Database (GSGD)

through 2013 for all global safeguards notifications that have made

been to the WTO.

● Updated detailed information in China-Specific Safeguards Database

(CSGD) through 2013 for all China-specific safeguards notifications

that have made been to the WTO.

● Updated the WTO Disputes Database (DSUD) through 2013, relating

to cases involving antidumping, countervailing duties, global

safeguards and China-specific safeguards.

●

Aug 18, 2012 Monitoring report on the trends through 2011 in the data on AD, CVD, SG

and CSG

● Bown, Chad P. (2012) “Import Protection Update: Antidumping,

Safeguards, and Temporary Trade Barriers through 2011,” VoxEU.org.

Aug 15, 2012 Working Paper

● Bown, Chad P. (2010) "Emerging Economies and the Emergence of

South-South Protectionism," World Bank Policy Research Working

Paper 6162.

May 28, 2012 Public release of data through 2011 in the Temporary Trade Barriers

Database (TTBD)

● Updated detailed information in Global Antidumping Database (GAD)

through 2011 for thirty-one (31) antidumping-using economies

(Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa

Rica, Ecuador, European Union, India, Indonesia, Israel, Jamaica,

Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru,

Philippines, South Africa, South Korea, Taiwan, China; Thailand,

Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Uruguay, United States, and Venezuela).

○ Updated Argentina’s antidumping and countervailing duty data

back to 1989 (previously was only available back to 1995).

○ Updated through 2011 antidumping data for “other” countries

(GAD-OTH) that now includes Dominican Republic, Honduras,

and Morocco’s antidumping data.

● Updated detailed information in Global Countervailing Duty Database

(GCVD) through 2011 for seventeen (17) countervailing duty-using

countries (Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Costa

Rica, European Union, India, Japan, Mexico, Pakistan, Peru, South

Africa, Turkey, United States, Venezuela).

○ Addition of Pakistan’s countervailing duty data.

○ Updated through 2011 countervailing duty data for “other”

countries (GCVD-OTH).

● Updated detailed information in Global Safeguards Database (GSGD)

through 2011 for all global safeguards notifications that have made

been to the WTO.

● Updated detailed information in China-Specific Safeguards Database

(CSGD) through 2011 for all China-specific safeguards notifications

that have made been to the WTO.

● Updated through 2011 WTO Disputes Database (DSUD) relating to

cases involving antidumping, countervailing duties, global safeguards

and China-specific safeguards.

Aug 29, 2011 Research Summary

● Bown, Chad P. (2011) "Import Protection and the Great Recession,"

VoxEU.org.

●

Jul 15, 2011 Publication of The Great Recession and Import Protection: The Role of

Temporary Trade Barriers

● Chad P. Bown (editor). The Great Recession and Import Protection:

The Role of Temporary Trade Barriers. The World Bank and CEPR.

Contents:

1. Introduction (Chad P. Bown)

2. USA: Evolving Trends in Temporary Trade Barriers (Thomas J. Prusa)

3. European Union: No Protectionist Surprises (Hylke Vandenbussche

and Christian Viegelahn)

4. Canada: No Place Like Home for Anti-Dumping (Rodney D. Ludema

and Anna Maria Mayda)

5. South Korea: Temporary Trade Barriers Before and During the Crisis

(Moonsung Kang and Soonchan Park)

6. China: A Sleeping Giant of Temporary Trade Barriers? (Piyush

Chandra)

7. India: The Use of Temporary Trade Barriers (Patricia Tovar)

8. Brazil: Micro- and Macro-determinants of Temporary Trade Barriers

(Marcelo Olarreaga and Marcel Vaillant)

9. Argentina: There and Back Again? (Michael O. Moore)

10. Mexico: A Liberalisation Leader? (Raymond Robertson)

11. Turkey: Temporary Trade Barriers as Resistance to Trade

Liberalisation with the European Union? (Baybars Karacaovali)

12. South Africa: From Proliferation to Moderation (Lawrence Edwards)

Feb 8, 2011 Public release of 4Q 2010 data in the Temporary Trade Barriers Database

● Detailed raw data through 4Q 2010 for twenty-eight antidumping using

countries (Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia,

Costa Rica, Ecuador, EU, India, Indonesia, Jamaica, Japan, Mexico,

New Zealand, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, South Africa,

South Korea, Taiwan, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Uruguay, USA,

and Venezuela).

●

● Detailed raw data through 4Q 2010 for fifteen countervailing duty-using

countries (Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Costa

Rica, European Union, India, Japan, Mexico, Peru, Turkey, United

States, Venezuela), in addition to all global safeguards and China-

specific safeguards notifications that have made been to the WTO.

●

● Addition of South Africa's countervailing duty data.

Oct 25, 2010 Public release of 3Q 2010 data in the Temporary Trade Barriers Database

● Detailed raw data through 3Q 2010 for twenty-seven antidumping using

countries (Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia,

Costa Rica, Ecuador, EU, India, Indonesia, Jamaica, Japan, Mexico,

New Zealand, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, South Africa, South Korea,

Taiwan, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Uruguay, USA, and Venezuela).

●

● Detailed raw data through 3Q 2010 for fifteen countervailing duty-using

countries (Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Costa

Rica, European Union, India, Japan, Mexico, Peru, Turkey, United

States, Venezuela), in addition to all global safeguards and China-

specific safeguards notifications that have made been to the WTO.

●

● Updated antidumping data through 2Q 2010 for Israel (NEW),

Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and others (GAD-OTH), and updated

countervailing duty data through 2Q 2010 for others (GCVD-OTH).

Sep 29, 2010 Working Paper

Bown, Chad P. (2010) "Taking Stock of Antidumping, Safeguards, and

Countervailing Duties, 1990-2009," World Bank Policy Research Working Paper

5436.

Aug 3, 2010 Public release of 2Q 2010 data in the Temporary Trade Barriers Database

● Addition of Japan's countervailing duty data.

●

● Detailed raw data through 2Q 2010 for twenty-seven antidumping-using

countries (Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia,

Costa Rica, Ecuador, EU, India, Indonesia, Jamaica, Japan, Mexico,

New Zealand, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, South Africa, South Korea,

Taiwan, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Uruguay, USA, and Venezuela).

●

● Detailed raw data through 2Q 2010 for fifteen countervailing duty-using

countries (Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Costa

Rica, European Union, India, Japan, Mexico, Peru, Turkey, United

States, Venezuela), in addition to all global safeguards and China-

specific safeguards notifications that have made been to the WTO.

●

● Updated WTO Disputes Database.

●

May 25, 2010 Monitoring report on the 2010 1Q trends in the data on AD, CVD, SG and

CSG

Bown, Chad P. (2010) “First Quarter 2010 Protectionism Data: Requests for

New Trade Barriers Fall for Second Consecutive Quarter; Newly Imposed

Barriers Also Fall,” A Monitoring Report to the Temporary Trade Barriers

Database, The World Bank.

● PDF version

● Executive summary

● Data

Public release of 1Q 2010 data in the Temporary Trade Barriers Database

Provision of detailed raw data through 1Q 2010 for the major users of four

different trade policies into four databases:

● Global Antidumping Database

● Global Countervailing Duty Database

● Global Safeguards Database

● China-Specific Safeguards Database

●

Mar 15, 2010 Public release of Global Antidumping Database version 6.0

● Detailed raw data through 4Q 2009 for twenty-six antidumping-using

countries (Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia,

Costa Rica, Ecuador, EU, India, Indonesia, Jamaica, Mexico, New

Zealand, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, South Africa, South Korea,

Taiwan, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Urugauy, USA, and Venezuela).

According to data from the WTO, for all member economies that still

“control” use of their own trade policies in 2009 – i.e., subtracting out

newly acceded member states to the EC that used AD prior to their EC

accession - these 26 Members initiated over 90% all antidumping

investigations by the WTO membership during 1995-2008.

●

○ No new 4Q data updates because no national government

website updating for the following countries: Japan, Malaysia,

Philippines, and Thailand (thus 2Q 2009 is their most recent

data)

○

● We also have detailed data through 4Q 2009 for fourteen

countervailing duty-using countries (Argentina, Australia, Brazil,

Canada, Chile, China, Costa Rica, European Union, India, Mexico,

Peru, Turkey, United States, Venezuela), in addition to all global

safeguards and China-specific safeguards notifications that have made

been to the WTO.

●

Feb 18, 2010 Research summary

● Bown, Chad P. (2010) “Antidumping, Safeguards, and Protectionism

during the Crisis: Two New Insights from 4th Quarter 2009,” VoxEU.org

●

Feb 17, 2010 Monitoring report on the 2009 4Q trends in the data on AD, CVD, SG and

CSG

Bown, Chad P. (2010) “The 4th Quarter 2009 Protectionism Data: Requests for

New Trade Barriers Fall for First Time in Crisis; But Newly Imposed Barriers

Increase,” A Monitoring Report to the Global Antidumping Database, World

Bank, 17 February.

● PDF version

● Executive summary

● Data

●

Nov 18, 2009 Oped

Bown, Chad P. (2009) “Free-Trade Greenshoots,” The Wall Street Journal Asia,

p. 19.

Oct 21, 2009 Monitoring report on the 2009 3Q trends in the data on AD, CVD, SG and CSG

● Bown, Chad P. (2009) “The Pattern of Antidumping and Other Types of

Contingent Protection,” World Bank, PREM Notes No. 144, 21 October.

● Executive Summary | Data

●

● Erratum - Due to late posting to the Colombian government website,

this report counted one too few antidumping initiations and one too few

antidumping measures imposed by Colombia in 3Q 2009

●

● Missing initiation:

● Colombia AD China Iron or Steel Tubes and Pipes 08/21/2009

●

● Missing measure:

● Colombia AD China Hoes/Digging Bars/Picks 07/29/2009

●

Public release of Global Antidumping Database version 5.1

● Detailed raw data through 3Q 2009 for twenty-five antidumping-using

countries (Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia,

Costa Rica, Ecuador, EU, India, Jamaica, Mexico, New Zealand,

Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, South Africa, South Korea, Taiwan, Trinidad

and Tobago, Turkey, Urugauy, USA, and Venezuela). According to

data from the WTO, for all member economies that still “control” use of

their own trade policies in 2009 – i.e., subtracting out newly acceded

member states to the EC that used AD prior to their EC accession -

these 25 Members initiated over 90% all antidumping investigations by

the WTO membership during 1995-2008.

●

○ No new 3Q data updates because no national government

website updating for the following countries: Indonesia, Japan,

Malaysia, Philippines, and Thailand (thus 2Q 2009 is their

most recent data)

○ New AD countries with detailed data added for the first time to

v5.1: Ecuador, Jamaica, Paraguay, Trinidad and Tobago,

Uruguay

○

● We also have detailed data through 3Q 2009 for fourteen

countervailing duty-using countries (Argentina, Australia, Brazil,

Canada, Chile, China, Costa Rica, European Union, India, Mexico,

Peru, Turkey, United States, Venezuela), in addition to all global

safeguards and China-specific safeguards notifications that have made

been to the WTO.

●

○ New CVD countries with detailed data added for the first time

to v5.1: China, Venezuela

○

○

● Data Caveats:

○ South Africa's latest semi-annual report to the WTO shows an

AD imposition on ZAF-AD-285. However, as of October 2009

the South African government website shows a final

affirmative decision but also its withdrawal at a later date.

○

○ Korea's latest semi-annual report shows AD measures on

KOR-AD-139 and KOR-AD-140. However, as of October 2009

there is no updated information to reflect this on the Korean

government website.

○

○

Aug 28, 2009 Op-ed

● Bown, Chad P. (2009) “Obama Must Resist the Anti-trade Mobs,"

Financial Times p. 7.

○ The data on the WTO members’ increasing use of trade

remedies against China’s exports for 2001 through 2Q 2009

○

Aug 6, 2009 Op-ed

● Bown, Chad P. (2009) “Protectionism Exposed,” The Wall Street

Journal, p. A13.

●

Jul 23, 2009 Monitoring report on the 2009 2Q trends in the data on AD, CVD, SG and

CSG

● Bown, Chad P. (2009) “Protectionism Continues Its Climb: Spike in

“Safeguard” Use is Major Contributor to 12.1% Global Increase in

Industry Demands for New Import Restrictions during Second Quarter

of 2009,” A Monitoring Update to the Global Antidumping Database, 23

July.

○ Data

Public release of Global Antidumping Database version 5.0

● Detailed raw data through 2008 (and for most, also through 2Q 2009)

for twenty-five antidumping-using countries (Argentina, Australia,

Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, EU, India,

Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Pakistan, Peru,

Philippines, South Africa, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, USA,

and Venezuela). According to data from the WTO, for all member

economies that still “control” use of their own trade policies in 2009 –

i.e., subtracting out newly acceded member states to the EC that used

AD prior to their EC accession - these 25 Members initiated 93% all

antidumping investigations by the WTO membership during 1995-2008,

and include 23 of the 25 most frequent users. (Missing from the top 25

are #14 Egypt and #20 Israel.)

●

● We also have detailed data through 2Q 2009 for twelve countervailing

duty-using countries (Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Costa Rica,

European Union, India, Mexico, Turkey, United States), in addition to

all global safeguards and China-specific safeguards notifications that

have made been to the WTO.

●

Jul 3, 2009 Book chapter

● Bown, Chad P. (2009) “Antidumping, Safeguards, and other Trade

Remedies,” chapter 6 in Simon J. Evenett, Bernard M. Hoekman and

Olivier Cattaneo, eds. The Fateful Allure of Protectionism: Taking Stock

for the G8. London, UK: CEPR and World Bank.

●

Jun 22, 2009 Book chapter draft providing some detail on a first assessment of data trends

on AD, CVD, SG and CSG use during the crisis

● Bown, Chad P. (forthcoming, 2009) “The Global Resort to Antidumping,

Safeguards, and other Trade Remedies Amidst the Economic Crisis,”

in Simon Evenett and Bernard Hoekman, eds. Trade Implications of

Policy Responses to the Crisis. VoxEU.org e-book.

Public release of Global Antidumping Database version 5.0 beta

● Detailed data through 2008 (and into 1Q 2009) for fifteen antidumping-

using countries (Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, European

Union, India, Mexico, New Zealand, Pakistan, Peru, Taiwan, Turkey,

United States, and South Africa) and seven countervailing duty-using

countries (Australia, Canada, European Union, India, Mexico, Turkey,

United States), in addition to all safeguards and China-specific

safeguards notifications that have made been to the WTO.

●

May 11, 2009 Monitoring report on the 2009 1Q trends in the data on AD, CVD, SG and

CSG

● Bown, Chad P. (2009) “Protectionism Increases and Spreads: Global

Use of Trade Remedies Rises by 18.8% in First Quarter 2009,” A

Monitoring Update to the Global Antidumping Database, 11 May.

● This study and underlying data are featured in Financial Times

●

Mar 5, 2009 Book chapter

● Bown, Chad P. (2009) "Protectionism Is on the Rise: Antidumping

Investigations,” chapter 11 in Richard Baldwin and Simon Evenett, eds.

The Collapse of Global Trade, Murky Protectionism, and the Crisis:

Recommendations for the G20. VoxEU.org e-book, March.

Monitoring report on the 2008 trends in the data on AD

● Bown, Chad P. (2009) “Protectionism Is on the Rise as Antidumping

Import Restriction Use up 31% in 2008,” A Monitoring Update to the

Global Antidumping Database, 5 March.

○ Supplementary tables

Glossary

● AD = antidumping

● CVD = countervailing duties

● SG = global safeguards

● CSG = China-specific transitional safeguard

● WTO = World Trade Organization

● DSU = Dispute Settlement Understanding (resolution of disputes under the WTO)

Funding and Financial Support

This data collection project was initiated with seed funding from Brandeis University through a Mazer Research

Award and Tomberg Research Funds, and it was ultimately expanded through generous support from the

Development Research Group (DECTI) of the World Bank and the Global Trade and Financial Architecture (GTFA)

project initiative sponsored by the UK Department for International Development (DFID). Special thanks to Bernard

Hoekman for assisting in conception and realization of this data collection possibility.

News Coverage and Dissemination

• BusinessWeek “U.S. Imposes Duties on Paper From China, Indonesia,” by Mark Drajem, 2 March 2010.

• Emirates Business (UAE) “Conflict in trade policies is normal,” 1 March 2010.

• BusinessWeek “U.S. Imposes Preliminary Duties on Chinese Steel Pipe,” by Mark Drajem, 24 February

2010.

• BusinessWorld (Philippines) “Trade barriers expected to increase this year,” by Jessica Anne D.

Hermosa, 22 February 2010

• VoxEu.org “Figuring out the Doha Round,” by Gary Clyde Hufbauer, Jeffrey J. Schott, and Woan Foong

Wong, 22 February 2010.

• The Economist “Anti-dumping,” 18 February 2010.

• VoxEu.org “Antidumping, safeguards, and protectionism during the crisis: Two new insights from 4th

quarter 2009,” by Chad P. Bown, 18 February 2010.

• The Wall Street Journal “Global Trade Barriers Up, But May Be Leveling Off--World Bank,” by Tom

Barkley, 17 February 2010.

• Reuters “Trade barrier requests fell in late 2009-World Bank,” by Doug Palmer and Philip Barbara, 17

February 2010.

• Reuters “Protectionist policies continue despite recovery," by Jonathan Lynn, 17 February 2010.

• TVO’s (Canada) The Agenda with Steve Paikin “The Debate: Collapse of Global Trade?” 17 February

2010 20:00 EST.

• The Financial Express (India) “Let’s push for a Chindia FTA,” by Alec van Gelder and Amitendu Palit, 13

February 2010.

• The Economist “When partners attack: China will test the WTO’s dispute-settlement system,” 11 February

2010.

• Xinhua “US Slaps Punitive Penalties on Chinese Oil Pipes,” 31 December 2009.

• Businessworld (India) “The Trade Factor” by Nayan Chanda, 19 December, 2009.

• People’s Daily “2009：A Weak Recovery of World Economy: Interview with senior director, chief

economist of the World Bank, Justin Yifu Lin,” by Luo Chunhua and Zhang Lei, 14 December, 2009.

• The Wall Street Journal Asia “Free-Trade Greenshoots,” p. 19, by Chad P. Bown (Op-ed), 18 November

2009.

• Financial Times “Broken Promises,” p. 4, by Alan Beattie, 6 November 2009.

• Xinhua “U.S. Sets Preliminary Penalties on China's Oil Pipes in Record Case,” by Liu Hong, 6 November

2009.

• The Wall Street Journal “The Cost of Trade ‘Enforcement’,” p. A20, 23 October 2009.

• DowJones Newswires “China Investigates Sales Of EU-Made X-Ray Scanners,” by Terence Poon, 23

October 2009.

• Reuters “Trade Cases Jump amid Financial Crisis - World Bank,” by Roberta Rampton and Eric Beech,

21 October 2009.

• Financial Times “Barriers Failing to Dent Global Trade,” p. 4, by Alan Beattie, 21 October 2009.

• Xinhua “China Swirls in Whirlpool of Protectionism,” 19 October 2009.

• Beijing Review "New Era of Engagement," by Chen Wen, Vol. 52 No. 40, 8 October 2009.

• Xinhua “Protectionism Roadblock to World Economic Recovery,” 23 September 2009.

• The Wall Street Journal “Summits of Folly,” p. A23, by Bret Stephens (Opinion: Global View), 22

September 2009.

• The Economist “Playing with Fire,” 17 September 2009

• The Washington Post “Threat of Trade War With China Sparks Worries in a Debtor U.S.,” p. A01, by

Steven Mufson and Peter Whoriskey, 15 September 2009.

• Xinhua “U.S. Industries Strongly Opposed to Tariffs Against Chinese Pipe Imports,” 11 September 2009.

• The Washington Post “U.S. Says China Violated Trade Law: Tariffs Imposed as Subsidies to Pipe Makers

Called Illegal,” p. A18, by Peter Whoriskey, 10 September 2009.

• Financial Times “Obama Must Resist the Anti-trade Mobs,” p. 7, by Chad P. Bown (Op-ed), 28 August

2009. [Data]

• Financial Times “Tokyo Frets over 'Murky Protectionism',” p. 4, by Mure Dickie, 10 August 2009.

• The Wall Street Journal “Protectionism Exposed,” p. A13, by Chad P. Bown (Op-ed), 6 August 2009.

• The Wall Street Journal “The EU Steels Itself: Tariffs Against China Are Part of a Worrying Global Trend,”

30 July 2009.

• Bloomberg Television News “Inside Look - U.S./China Strategic & Economic Dialogue,” 28 July 2009

13:07 EDT.

• BusinessWeek “China's Power at Issue in High-Level U.S. Talks,” by Steve LeVine and Frederik Balfour,

26 July 2009.

• The Economist “Unpredictable Tides,” 23 July 2009.

• Financial Times “Recession Prompts Rise in Protectionist Probes,” p. 3, by Sarah O'Connor, 23 July

2009.

• Financial Times “US Lawmakers in Threat to Raise Tariffs on Beijing,” p. 8, by Sarah O'Connor, 13 May

2009.

• The Economist “Globalisation and Trade: The Nuts and Bolts Come Apart,” 26 March 2009.

Published Academic Research

For additional working papers that have not yet been published see, for example, Google Scholar

Forthcoming Articles

Bown, Chad P. and Meredith A. Crowley "Self-Enforcing Trade Agreements: Evidence from Time-Varying Trade Policy,"

American Economic Review, forthcoming.

Bown, Chad P., “Emerging Economies and the Emergence of South-South Protectionism,” Journal of World Trade,

forthcoming.

2011

Bown, Chad P., (2011) “Taking Stock of Antidumping, Safeguards and Countervailing Duties, 1990-2009,” The World

Economy 34(12): 1955-1988.

Bown, Chad P. (ed), (2011) The Great Recession and Import Protection: The Role of Temporary Trade Barriers, London, UK:

CEPR and World Bank.

Bown, Chad P. and Patricia Tovar (2011) "Trade Liberalization, Antidumping, and Safeguards: Evidence from India’s Tariff

Reform," Journal of Development Economics 96(1): 115-125.

Moore, Michael O., (2011) “Implementing Carbon Tariffs: A Fool’s Errand?,” The World Economy34(10): 1679-1702

Moore, Micheal O. and Maurizio Zanardi (2011) “Trade Liberalization and Antidumping: Is There a Substitution Effect?,”

Review of Development Economics 15(4): 601-619.

Ogawa, Yoshitomo and Yoshiyasu Ono (2011) “The Byrd Amendment as Facilitating a Tacit International Business

Collusion,” Review of International Economics 19(5): 877-893.

Pierce, Justin R., (2011) “Plant-level Responses to Antidumping Duties: Evidence from U.S. Manufacturers,” Journal of

International Economics 85(2): 222-233.

Zeng, Ka (2011) “The Political Economy of Developing Country Antidumping Investigations against China,” International

Interactions 37(2): 190-214.

Zheng, Yu and Regina Abrami (2011) “The New Face of Chinese Industrial Policy: Making Sense of Antidumping Cases in

the Petrochemical and Steel Industries,” Journal of East Asian Studies11(3): 373-406.

2010

Aggarwal, Aradhna (2010) “Trade Effects of Anti-dumping in India: Who Benefits?,” The International Trade Journal 25(1):

112-158.

Blonigen, Bruce A. and Wesley W. Wilson (2010) "Foreign Subsidization and Excess Capacity," Journal of International

Economics, 80(2): 200-211.

Bown, Chad P., (2010) "China’s WTO Entry: Antidumping, Safeguards, and Dispute Settlement," in Robert C. Feenstra and

Shang-Jin Wei (eds.) China’s Growing Role in World Trade. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press for NBER (chapter 8,

pp. 281-337).

Bown, Chad P. and Meredith A. Crowley (2010) "China’s Export Growth and the China Safeguard: Threats to the World

Trading System?,” Canadian Journal of Economics 43(4): 1353-1388.

Bown, Chad P. and Rachel McCulloch (2010) "Developing Countries, Dispute Settlement, and the Advisory Centre on WTO

Law," Journal of International Trade and Economic Development 19(1): 33-63.

Dinlersoza, Emin and Can Dogan (2010) "Tariffs Versus Anti-dumping Duties," International Review of Economics & Finance,

19(3): 436-451.

Michaels, Guy and Xiaojia Zhi (2010) “Freedom Fries,” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2(3): 256-281.

Vandenbussche, Hylke and Maurizio Zanardi (2010) “The Chilling Trade Effects of Antidumping Proliferation,” European

Economic Review, 54(6): 760-777.

2009

Bown, Chad P. (2009) “Antidumping, Safeguards, and other Trade Remedies,” In The Fateful Allure of Protectionism: Taking

Stock for the G8. Edited by Simon J. Evenett, Bernard M. Hoekman and Olivier Cattaneo, eds. London, UK: CEPR and World

Bank (July, chapter 6).

Bown, Chad P. (2009) "The Global Resort to Antidumping, Safeguards, and other Trade Remedies Amidst the Economic

Crisis," in Effective Crisis Response and Openness: Implications for the Trading System. Edited by Olivier Cattaneo, Simon J

Evenett , and Bernard Hoekman. London, UK: World Bank and CEPR (December, chapter 7).

Bown, Chad P. (2009) “Protectionism Is on the Rise: Antidumping Investigations,” in The Collapse of Global Trade, Murky

Protectionism, and the Crisis: Recommendations for the G20. Edited by Richard Baldwin and Simon J. Evenett. VoxEU.org e-

book (March, chapter 11).

Bown, Chad P. (2009) Self-Enforcing Trade: Developing Countries and WTO Dispute Settlement, Washington, DC: Brookings

Institution Press.

Bown, Chad P. (2009) "U.S.- China Trade Conflicts and the Future of the WTO," Fletcher Forum of World Affairs 33(1): 27-

48.

Bown, Chad P. and Rachel McCulloch (2009) "U.S.- Japan and U.S.- China Trade Conflict: Export Growth, Reciprocity, and

the International Trading System," Journal of Asian Economics 20(6): 669-687.

Drezner, Daniel W. (2009) "Bad Debts: Assessing China’s Financial Influence in Great Power Politics," International Security

34(2): 7–45.

Eicher, Theo S., John H. Mutti, Michelle H. Turnovsky (2009) International Economics (7th edition). Taylor & Francis

(Routledge).

Hoekman, Bernard M., Henrik Horn, and Petros C. Mavroidis (2009) “Winners and Losers in the Panel Stage of the WTO

Dispute Settlement System,” in Chantal Thomas and Joel P. Trachtman (eds.) Developing Countries in the WTO Legal

System, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

Hwang, Sangyeon and Hyejoon Im (2009) "Implications of the Global Financial Crisis on Korea's Trade," Asian Economic

Papers 8(3): 46-81.

Malhotra, Nisha and Horatiu A. Rus (2009) "The Effectiveness of the Canadian Antidumping Regime," Canadian Public Policy

35(2):187-202.

Moore, Michael O. and Maurizio Zanardi (2009) “Does Antidumping Use Contribute to Trade Liberalization in Developing

Countries?” Canadian Journal of Economics 42(2): 469-495.

Reynolds, Kara M. (2009) “From Agreement to Application: An Analysis of Determinations under the WTO Antidumping

Agreement,” Review of International Economics 17(5): 969-985.

Richardson, Martin (2009) "Safeguards, Anti-dumping Actions and Countervailing Duties," in Negotiating a Preferential

Trading Agreement: Issues, Constraints and Practical Options. Edited by Sisira Jayasuriya, Donald MacLaren, and Gary

Magee. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar (chapter 11, pp. 219-234).

Xu, Shiteng and Yihong Tang (2009) "European Union Antidumping Investigations Against China: Characteristics and

Determinants," The Chinese Economy 42(6): 66–80.

2008

Bown, Chad P. (2008) "The WTO and Antidumping in Developing Countries," Economics and Politics 20(2): 255-288.

Bown, Chad P. and Bernard M. Hoekman (2008) “Developing Countries and Enforcement of Trade Agreements: Why Dispute

Settlement Is Not Enough,” Journal of World Trade 42(1): 177-203.

Ganguli, Bodhisattva (2008) “The Trade Effects of Indian Antidumping Actions,” Review of International Economics 16(5):

930-941.

McGee, Robert W. (2008) "Antidumping Laws as Weapons of Protectionism: Asian Case Studies," Manchester Journal of

International Economic Law 5(1): 36-69.

2007

Bown, Chad P. and Rachel McCulloch (2007) “Trade Adjustment in the WTO System: Are More Safeguards the Answer?”

Oxford Review of Economic Policy 23(3): 415-439.

Bown, Chad P. (2007) “Canada’s Anti-dumping and Safeguard Policies: Overt and Subtle Forms of Discrimination,” The

World Economy 30(9): 1457-1476.

Moore, Michael O. (2007) “Antidumping Reform in the WTO: A Pessimistic Appraisal,” Pacific Economic Review 12(3): 357-

379.

Nakagawa, Junji (2007) Antidumping Laws and Practice of the New Users. London, UK: Cameron May.

2006

Liebman, Benjamin H. (2006) “Safeguards, China, and the Price of Steel,” Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv/ Review of World

Economics 142(2): 354-373.

2005

Bown, Chad P. and Bernard M. Hoekman (2005) “WTO Dispute Settlement and the Missing Developing Country Cases:

Engaging the Private Sector,” Journal of International Economic Law 8(4): 861-890.

Bown, Chad P., "Global Antidumping Database, Version 1.0” World Bank Policy Research PaperNo. 3737, October 2005.

Policy Research

For additional working papers that have not yet been published see, for example, Google Scholar

2010

Bown, Chad P. (2010) "The WTO dispute settlement system would survive without Doha" VoxEU.org, 19 June 2010

Bown, Chad P. (2010) “Antidumping, safeguards, and protectionism during the crisis: Two new insights from 4th quarter

2009,” VoxEU.org, 18 February 2010.

Council of Economic Advisors (2010) Economic Report of the President. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Erixon, Fredrik and Razeen Sally (2010) “Trade, Globalisation and Emerging Protectionism Since the Crisis,” ECIPE Working

Paper, No. 2/2010, February.

Wang, Jian (2010) "Durable Goods and the Collapse of Global Trade," Economic Letter - Insights from the Federal Reserve

Bank of Dallas 5(2): 1-8, February.

2009

Banik, Nilanjan (2009) "Does the Crisis Alter Indian Trade Priorities?” in The Unrelenting Pressure of Protectionism: The 3rd

GTA Report. Edited by Simon J. Evenett . London, UK: CEPR (December).

Bown, Chad P. (2009) "Confronting the Protectionism Spawned by the Crisis," in G‐ 20 Summit: Recovering from the Crisis.

Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, Global Economy and Development (September): 7-9.

Bown, Chad P. (2009) "The Global Resort to Antidumping, Safeguards and Other Trade Defense Instruments Amidst the

Financial Crisis," Bureau European Policy Advisors (BEPA) Monthly Brief: Special Issue: Trade Policy. Edited by Vitor Gaspar

and Jozef Konings. Issue 27 (June): 16-22.

Francois, Joseph and Roman Stöllinger (2009) "New Shades of Protectionism and the Role of Multinationals," Vienna:

Research Centre International Economics (FIW) Policy Brief No. 2 (November).

Fritz, Johannes and Martin Wermelinger (2009) "Has the Crisis Changed the Use of Antidumping? A Comparative Analysis,"

in The Unrelenting Pressure of Protectionism: The 3rd GTA Report. Edited by Simon J. Evenett . London, UK: CEPR.

OECD (2009) "General Assessment of the Macroeconomic Situation," in OECD Economic Outlook No. 86 (November,

chapter 1).

Vandenbussche, Hylke (2009) "Antidumping protection: Good for Bad Firms but Bad for Good Firms," Bureau of European

Policy Advisors (BEPA) Monthly Brief: Special Issue: Trade Policy. Edited by Vitor Gaspar and Jozef Konings. Issue 27

(June): 23-27.

WTO (2009) World Trade Report 2009: Trade Policy Commitments and Contingency Measures.Geneva, WTO.

Working Papers

Working Paper 5436: Taking Stock of Antidumping, Safeguards, and Countervailing Duties, 1990-2009

Working Paper 5301: Developing Countries and Monitoring WTO Commitments in Response to the Global

Economic Crisis

Working Paper 5291: China's Export Growth and the China Safeguard: Threats to the World Trading System?

Working Paper 5223: Self-Enforcing Trade Agreements: Evidence from Time-Varying Trade Policy

Working Paper 5168: Developing Countries, Dispute Settlement, and the Advisory Centre on WTO Law

Working Paper 5102: U.S.- Japan and U.S.- China Trade Conflict: Export Growth, Reciprocity, and the

International Trading System

Working Paper 5051: The Global Resort to Antidumping, Safeguards, and other Trade Remedies Amidst the

Economic Crisis

Working Paper 4450: Developing Countries and Enforcement of Trade Agreements: Why Dispute Settlement is

not Enough

Working Paper 4014: The World Trade Organization and Antidumping in Developing Countries

Working Paper 3737: Global Antidumping Database Version 1.0

Working Paper 3540: Trade Remedies and World Trade Organization Dispute Settlement: Why are so few

Challenged?

Academic Supporters

Special thanks to Bruce Blonigen, Meredith A. Crowley, Robert Feinberg, Bernard Hoekman, Michael O. Moore,

Tom Prusa, Kara Reynolds, Patricia Tovar, and Maurizio Zanardi for helpful discussions and for assistance with

compiling pieces of the data.