Introduction

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Introduction Introduction m Dahnoun, Bristol University, (c) Texas Instruments 2004 m Dahnoun, Bristol University, (c) Texas Instruments 2004

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Introduction. Dr. Naim Dahnoun, Bristol University, (c) Texas Instruments 2004. Learning Objectives. Why process signals digitally? Definition of a real-time application. Why use D igital S ignal P rocessing processors? What are the typical DSP algorithms? - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Introduction

Page 1: Introduction

IntroductionIntroductionDr. Naim Dahnoun, Bristol University, (c) Texas Instruments 2004Dr. Naim Dahnoun, Bristol University, (c) Texas Instruments 2004

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Learning Objectives

Why process signals digitally? Definition of a real-time application. Why use Digital Signal Processing

processors? What are the typical DSP algorithms? Parameters to consider when choosing a DSP

processor Programmable vs ASIC DSP Texas Instruments’ TMS320 family.

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Why go digital?Digital signal processing techniques

are now so powerful that sometimes it is extremely difficult, if not impossible, for analogue signal processing to achieve similar performance.

Examples:FIR filter with linear phase.Adaptive filters.

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Why go digital? Analogue signal processing is achieved

by using analogue components such as: Resistors. Capacitors. Inductors.

The inherent tolerances associated with these components, temperature, voltage changes and mechanical vibrations can dramatically affect the effectiveness of the analogue circuitry.

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Why go digital?With DSP it is easy to:

Change applications.Correct applications.Update applications.

Additionally DSP reduces:

Noise susceptibility.Development time.Cost.Power consumption.

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Why NOT go digital?

High frequency signals cannot be processed digitally because of two reasons:

Analog to Digital Converters, ADC cannot work fast enough.

The application can be too complex to be performed in real-time.

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DSP processors have to perform tasks in real-time, so how do we define real-time?

The definition of real-time depends on the application.

Example: a 100-tap FIR filter is performed in real-time if the DSP can perform and complete the following operation between two samples:

Real-time processing

99

0k

knxkany

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We can say that we have a real-time application if:

Waiting Time 0

Real-time processing

Processing TimeWaiting

Time

Sample TimeSample Timenn n+1n+1

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Why not use a General Purpose Processor (GPP) such as a Pentium instead of a DSP processor?

What is the power consumption of a Pentium and a DSP processor?

What is the cost of a Pentium and a DSP processor?

Why do we needDSP processors?

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Use a DSP processor when the following are required:

Cost saving. Smaller size. Low power consumption. Processing of many “high” frequency signals in

real-time. Use a GPP processor when the following are

required: Large memory. Advanced operating systems.

Why do we needDSP processors?

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What are the typicalDSP algorithms?

Algorithm Equation

Finite Impulse Response Filter

M

kk knxany

0

)()(

Infinite Impulse Response Filter

N

kk

M

kk knybknxany

10

)()()(

Convolution

N

k

knhkxny0

)()()(

Discrete Fourier Transform

1

0

])/2(exp[)()(N

n

nkNjnxkX

Discrete Cosine Transform

1

0

122

cos).().(N

x

xuN

xfucuF

The Sum of Products (SOP) is the key element in most DSP algorithms:

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Hardware vs. Microcode multiplication

DSP processors are optimised to perform multiplication and addition operations.

Multiplication and addition are done in hardware and in one cycle.

Example: 4-bit multiply (unsigned).

10111011x 1110x 1110

10111011x 1110x 1110

HardwareHardware MicrocodeMicrocode

1001101010011010 000000001011.1011.1011..1011..

1011...1011...1001101010011010

Cycle 1Cycle 1Cycle 2Cycle 2Cycle 3Cycle 3Cycle 4Cycle 4Cycle 5Cycle 5

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Parameters to consider when choosing a DSP processor

Parameter

Arithmetic formatExtended floating pointExtended ArithmeticPerformance (peak)Number of hardware multipliers

Number of registersInternal L1 program memory cacheInternal L1 data memory cacheInternal L2 cache

32-bitN/A

40-bit1200MIPS

2 (16 x 16-bit) with 32-bit result

3232K32K

512K

32-bit64-bit40-bit

1200MFLOPS2 (32 x 32-bit) with 32 or 64-bit result

3232K32K

512K

TMS320C6211 (@150MHz)

TMS320C6711 (@150MHz)

C6711 Datasheet: C6711 Datasheet: \Links\TMS320C6711.pdf C6211 Datasheet: C6211 Datasheet: \Links\TMS320C6211.pdf

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Parameters to consider when choosing a DSP processorParameter

I/O bandwidth: Serial Ports (number/speed)DMA channelsMultiprocessor supportSupply voltagePower managementOn-chip timers (number/width)CostPackageExternal memory interface controllerJTAG

2 x 75Mbps

16Not inherent

3.3V I/O, 1.8V Core Yes

2 x 32-bitUS$ 21.54

256 Pin BGAYesYes

2 x 75Mbps

16Not inherent

3.3V I/O, 1.8V CoreYes

2 x 32-bitUS$ 21.54

256 Pin BGAYesYes

TMS320C6211 (@150MHz)

TMS320C6711 (@150MHz)

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Floating vs. Fixed point processors

Applications which require: High precision. Wide dynamic range. High signal-to-noise ratio. Ease of use.

Need a floating point processor. Drawback of floating point processors:

Higher power consumption. Can be more expensive. Can be slower than fixed-point counterparts and larger in size.

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Floating vs. Fixed point processors

It is the application that dictates which device and platform to use in order to achieve optimum performance at a low cost.

For educational purposes, use the floating-point device (C6711) as it can support both fixed and floating point operations.

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General Purpose DSP vs. DSP in ASIC

Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) are semiconductors designed for dedicated functions.

The advantages and disadvantages of using ASICs are listed below:

AdvantagesAdvantages• High throughputHigh throughput• Lower silicon areaLower silicon area• Lower power consumptionLower power consumption• Improved reliabilityImproved reliability• Reduction in system noiseReduction in system noise• Low overall system costLow overall system cost

DisadvantagesDisadvantages• High investment costHigh investment cost• Less flexibilityLess flexibility• Long time from design to Long time from design to

marketmarket

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Texas Instruments’ TMS320TMS320 family

Different families and sub-families exist to support different markets.

Lowest CostLowest CostControl SystemsControl Systems Motor ControlMotor Control StorageStorage Digital Ctrl SystemsDigital Ctrl Systems

C2000C2000 C5000C5000

EfficiencyEfficiency Best MIPS perBest MIPS perWatt / Dollar / SizeWatt / Dollar / Size Wireless phonesWireless phones Internet audio playersInternet audio players Digital still cameras Digital still cameras ModemsModems TelephonyTelephony VoIPVoIP

C6000C6000

Multi Channel and Multi Channel and Multi Function App'sMulti Function App's

Comm InfrastructureComm Infrastructure Wireless Base-stationsWireless Base-stations DSLDSL ImagingImaging Multi-media ServersMulti-media Servers VideoVideo

PerformancePerformance & &Best Best Ease-of-UseEase-of-Use

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C6000TMS320C64x64x: The C64x fixed-point DSPs offer the industry's highest level of performance to address the demands of the digital age. At clock rates of up to 1 GHz, C64x DSPs can process information at rates up to 8000 MIPS with costs as low as $19.95. In addition to a high clock rate, C64x DSPs can do more work each cycle with built-in extensions. These extensions include new instructions to accelerate performance in key application areas such as digital communications infrastructure and video and image processing.

TMS320C62x62x: These first-generation fixed-point DSPs represent breakthrough technology that enables new equipments and energizes existing implementations for multi-channel, multi-function applications, such as wireless base stations, remote access servers (RAS), digital subscriber loop (xDSL) systems, personalized home security systems, advanced imaging/biometrics, industrial scanners, precision instrumentation and multi-channel telephony systems.

TMS320C67x67x: For designers of high-precision applications, C67x floating-point DSPs offer the speed, precision, power savings and dynamic range to meet a wide variety of design needs. These dynamic DSPs are the ideal solution for demanding applications like audio, medical imaging, instrumentation and automotive.

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C6000 RoadmapPe

rfor

man

cePe

rfor

man

ce

TimeTime

C62x/C64x/DM642: Fixed PointC67x: Floating Point

HighestHighest

Performance

Performance

Object Code Software Compatibility Floating PointMulti-core C64x™ DSP

1.1 GHz

C6201

C6701

C6202C6203

C6211C6711

C6204

1st Generation

C6713C6205

C6712

C6412 DM642

2nd Generation

C6415

C6416

C6411

C6414

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Useful Links Selection Guide:

\Links\DSP Selection Guide.pdf\Links\DSP Selection Guide.pdf (3Q 2004)\Links\DSP Selection Guide.pdf (3Q 2004)\Links\DSP Selection Guide.pdf (4Q 2004)\Links\DSP Selection Guide.pdf (4Q 2004)


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