Introducing XML : Table of Contents

Introducing XML : Table of Contents

1. From HTML to XML 2. Well-Formed XML3. Validity / DTDs4. Encodings5. XML Namespaces6. XML Schema7. XML Tools8. XML APIs / SAX9. XML APIs / DOM10. Stylesheets : CSS & XSL11. XML Query Language (XQL)

1. From HTML to XML

<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Drei Sonaten und drei Partiten für Violine solo</TITLE></HEAD><BODY><H1>Drei Sonaten und drei Partiten für Violine solo</H1><P>Publisher : Bärenreiter</P><P>Composer : J. S. Bach</P>…

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><!DOCTYPE music SYSTEM "../DTDs/music.dtd"><music ismn="M-006-46489-0" type="concert"><title>Drei Sonaten und drei Partiten für Violine solo</title><publisher>Bärenreiter</publisher><composer>J. S. Bach</composer>...

2. Well-Formed XML

An XML document is called well-formed if

1. It starts with the XML prolog, i.e. <?xml version=“1.0”?> ... 2. The tags are properly nested,3. There is exactly one root element,...

The XML spec : http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml

3. Validity / DTDs

An XML document is valid, if it has an associated document type declaration and if the document complies with the constraints expressed in it.

 <!ELEMENT music (title, publisher, composer?,

opus?, remarks?, instruments?, pieces)><!ELEMENT title (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT publisher (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT composer (#PCDATA)><!ATTLIST music

ismn CDATA #IMPLIED...

A Gentle Introduction to SGML : http://www-tei.uic.edu/orgs/tei/sgml/teip3sg/

4. Encodings

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><!DOCTYPE music SYSTEM "../DTDs/music.dtd"><music ismn="M-006-46489-0" type="concert"><title>Drei Sonaten und drei Partiten für Violine solo</title><publisher>Bärenreiter</publisher>…

• ISO-8859-1, western european, one byte per character, superset of US-ASCII• UTF-8, at least one byte per character, superset of US-ASCII• UTF-16, two bytes per character, endian problem• UTF-32, four bytes per character, endian problem

Unicode Consortium Homepage: http://www.unicode.org/

5. XML Namespaces

XML namespaces provide a simple method for qualifying element and attribute names used in XML documents by associating them with namespaces identified by URI references.

<library xmlns:m=“http://www.somewhere.com/”/>

<m:music><m:title>…<m:music><m:title>…...</library>

W3C Rec., Namespaces in XML : http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names/

6. XML Schema

<?xml version='1.0'?><schema name='music' version='1.0'> <elementType name='music'> <sequence> <elementTypeRef name='title'/> <elementTypeRef name='publisher'/> <elementTypeRef name='composer' minOccur="0" maxOccur="1"/>… <attrDecl name='ismn'> <datatypeRef name='string'/> </attrDecl>...

XML Schema Part 1: Structures : http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-1/XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes : http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/

7. XML Tools

XML Parsersexpat, James Clark, C, http://www.jclark.com/xml/expat.html XP, James Clark, Java, http://www.jclark.com/xml/xp/IE5XJParser, DataChannel,

http://xdev.datachannel.com/downloads/xjparser/

XML EditorsNotepadXMetaL, SoftQuad,

http://www.softquad.com/products/xmetal/index.htmlAdept, Arbortext, http://www.arbortext.com/Products/

ADEPT_Series/adept_series.html

8. XML APIs / SAX

SAX 1.0: a free API for event-based XML parsingimport org.xml.sax.Parser;import org.xml.sax.DocumentHandler;import org.xml.sax.helpers.ParserFactory;Parser parser = ParserFactory.makeParser("com.microstar.xml.SAXDriver");DocumentHandler handler = new MyHandler();parser.setDocumentHandler(handler);parser.parse("http://pcjhb.software-ag.de/xml/closedXml/instances/m1.xml");...import org.xml.sax.HandlerBase;import org.xml.sax.AttributeList;public class MyHandler extends HandlerBase {

public void startElement (String name, AttributeList atts) {...

SAX Homepage : http://www.megginson.com/SAX/

9. XML APIs / DOM

A platform- and language-neutral interface that allows programs and scripts to dynamically access and update the content, structure and style of XML and HTML documents.

import org.w3c.dom.*;import com.docuverse.dom.*;

DOM dom = new com.docuverse.dom.DOM();

...

doc = dom.openDocument(url);BasicElement rootNode = (BasicElement) doc.getDocumentElement();NodeList list = rootNode.getChildNodes();Integer.toString(list.getLength()) + " Children");...

DOM Level 1 Specification : http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-DOM-Level-1/

10. Stylesheets

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>

<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="music.xsl"?><!DOCTYPE music SYSTEM "music.dtd"><music ismn="M-006-46489-0" type="concert">

…

<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/TR/WD-xsl">... <xsl:template match="music"> <xsl:apply-templates select="opus"/> ...

XSL spec : http://www.w3.org/TR/WD-xsl/The W3C’s CSS Homepage : http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/DSSSL Page at Mulberry Technologies :

http://www.mulberrytech.com/dsssl/index.html

11. XML Query Language (XQL)

The XML Query Language (XQL) is a query language for XML using the structure of XML as its data model.

<pieces>

<piece>

<title>Sonata I</title><opus>BWV 1001</opus><movements><movement><title>Adagio</title></movement><movement><title>Fuga Allegro</title></movement>...

//piece//movement[title=“Adagio”]

A W3C Proposal : http://www.w3.org/TandS/QL/QL98/pp/xql.html

Introducing XML : Table of Contents

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