Introducing Natural Light To East Tennessee State University
-
Upload
taylorduncan -
Category
Education
-
view
929 -
download
1
description
Transcript of Introducing Natural Light To East Tennessee State University
11
Introducing Natural Light to Introducing Natural Light to ETSUETSU
By: Taylor DuncanBy: Taylor Duncan
22
Challenge: Introducing Natural Challenge: Introducing Natural Light to ETSU Living and Working Light to ETSU Living and Working
SpacesSpacesDDescription of the escription of the ChallengeChallenge
AAnalysis of the nalysis of the ChallengeChallenge
TTheorizing Possible heorizing Possible SolutionsSolutions
AAction ction RecommendationsRecommendations
33
DESCRIPTION OF THE CHALLENGEDESCRIPTION OF THE CHALLENGE
44
Lighting practices in the U.S. have Lighting practices in the U.S. have varied widely in the last 70 yearsvaried widely in the last 70 years
Prior to 1940, natural lighting was the Prior to 1940, natural lighting was the primary way to light buildingsprimary way to light buildings
By 1960, electric lighting was used almost By 1960, electric lighting was used almost exclusively to light interior spaceexclusively to light interior space
Recently, energy issues and Recently, energy issues and environmental concerns have caused the environmental concerns have caused the rediscovery of natural lightingrediscovery of natural lighting
55
A few spaces at ETSU already take A few spaces at ETSU already take advantage of natural lightadvantage of natural light
Culp center cafeteria (1976)Culp center cafeteria (1976)
Culp center atrium (1976)Culp center atrium (1976)
Center for Physical Activity (2002)Center for Physical Activity (2002)
Library (1998)Library (1998)
66
Many other spaces at ETSU could Many other spaces at ETSU could benefit from natural lightbenefit from natural light
Offices (interior and exterior) without Offices (interior and exterior) without windowswindowsBasement Basement Computer LabsComputer LabsClassroomsClassroomsMeeting roomsMeeting roomsHallways and egress spacesHallways and egress spacesWorkshopsWorkshops
77
Now is a good time to consider Now is a good time to consider increasing use of natural light in increasing use of natural light in
ETSU facilitiesETSU facilities
Energy costs are increasingEnergy costs are increasing
ETSU budgets are decreasingETSU budgets are decreasing
Increased emphasis on sustainable design Increased emphasis on sustainable design for future generationsfor future generations
88
Electricity costs are going upElectricity costs are going up
Generation costs are rising – fuel is primary Generation costs are rising – fuel is primary driverdriverDemand is growing – expected to increase 45% Demand is growing – expected to increase 45% by 2030by 2030Infrastructure costs are increasing – Infrastructure costs are increasing – transmission lines, substations, and distribution transmission lines, substations, and distribution systemssystemsEnvironmental compliance costs are high – Environmental compliance costs are high – especially reducing air emissionsespecially reducing air emissionsJohnson City Power Board increased rates by Johnson City Power Board increased rates by 16% this fall – largest increase in 30 years16% this fall – largest increase in 30 years
99
““This is going to be the worst year This is going to be the worst year financially (ETSU) has ever seen” financially (ETSU) has ever seen”
-ETSU President, Dr. Paul Stanton-ETSU President, Dr. Paul Stanton
As of November 2008, over $7M cut from As of November 2008, over $7M cut from ETSU budget so far and possibly another ETSU budget so far and possibly another $4.6M after the first of the year (2009)$4.6M after the first of the year (2009)Tennessee Board of Regents budget cuts Tennessee Board of Regents budget cuts due to State of Tennessee budget shortfalldue to State of Tennessee budget shortfallGuidelines issued in November to reduce Guidelines issued in November to reduce energy use at ETSUenergy use at ETSU
1010
ANALYSIS OF THE CHALLENGEANALYSIS OF THE CHALLENGE
“Energy management is something we can do and are doing.” –President Dr. Paul Stanton
1111
The benefits of natural light have been The benefits of natural light have been demonstrated both in terms of energy demonstrated both in terms of energy savings and on how it affects building savings and on how it affects building
occupants.occupants.
1212
Natural light is being used routinely to Natural light is being used routinely to save energy in many situationssave energy in many situations
Georgia Pacific – 80,000 sq. ft. warehouse – Georgia Pacific – 80,000 sq. ft. warehouse – reduced energy consumption 282,844 KWH to reduced energy consumption 282,844 KWH to 43,369 KWH, saving $33,500 annually43,369 KWH, saving $33,500 annuallyDurafeev Furniture – 47,520 sq. ft. warehouse – Durafeev Furniture – 47,520 sq. ft. warehouse – 3 years return on investment, saving $17,200 3 years return on investment, saving $17,200 annuallyannuallyStockton Skills Gym and Stockton Unified Stockton Skills Gym and Stockton Unified Distribution Warehouse – removed and replaced Distribution Warehouse – removed and replaced 166 high watt HID lamps with 90 daylighting 166 high watt HID lamps with 90 daylighting fixtures to illuminate 62,000 sq. ft. of warehouse fixtures to illuminate 62,000 sq. ft. of warehouse and gym spaceand gym space
1313
Scientific studies on natural light report Scientific studies on natural light report positive physiological and psychological positive physiological and psychological
impact on building occupantsimpact on building occupants
Improved mood and moraleImproved mood and morale
Less fatigueLess fatigue
Reduced eyestrainReduced eyestrain
Improved “connection” with outside Improved “connection” with outside environmentenvironment
1414
Benefits of natural light are reported for Benefits of natural light are reported for the many spaces that make up ETSUthe many spaces that make up ETSU
Offices – Improved productivity, reduced stress, Offices – Improved productivity, reduced stress, lower absenteeism and turnoverlower absenteeism and turnoverEducational space – Improved attendance and Educational space – Improved attendance and academic performanceacademic performanceHealthcare space – Reduced strain and fatigue for Healthcare space – Reduced strain and fatigue for staff; Improved physiological and psychological staff; Improved physiological and psychological well-being for patientswell-being for patientsIndustrial space – Improved safety and productivityIndustrial space – Improved safety and productivityRetail space – More customers and increased salesRetail space – More customers and increased sales
1515
Employees prefer natural light to Employees prefer natural light to artificial lightartificial light
Report greater job satisfaction Report greater job satisfaction
Feel less “cooped up”Feel less “cooped up”
Like to have a sense of what is happening Like to have a sense of what is happening outdoorsoutdoors
Consider natural light to be motivating and Consider natural light to be motivating and calmingcalming
1616
However, making retroactive However, making retroactive modifications to improve natural lighting modifications to improve natural lighting
in existing facilities in challengingin existing facilities in challenging
Disruptive - space is frequently occupiedDisruptive - space is frequently occupied
All but top floors are almost impossible to access All but top floors are almost impossible to access with light tubes and skylightswith light tubes and skylights
More expensive than including in original designMore expensive than including in original design
Large roof or wall penetrations can affect Large roof or wall penetrations can affect building structurebuilding structure
Routing of fiber optics and lighting tubes through Routing of fiber optics and lighting tubes through existing infrastructure can be complicatedexisting infrastructure can be complicated
1717
THEORIZING POSSIBLE SOLUTIONSTHEORIZING POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
1818
A number of options are available to introduce natural light to ETSU
buildings
A few of these options include:A few of these options include:SkylightsSkylightsAtriaAtriaLight-tubesLight-tubesFiber-optic sunlight concentrators Fiber-optic sunlight concentrators
1919
Pros Vs. ConsPros Vs. Cons
AdvantagesAdvantages DisadvantagesDisadvantages Ability to Retro-Ability to Retro-fitfit
SkylightSkylight Less likely to be Less likely to be obstructedobstructed
3X more effective 3X more effective than vertical windowthan vertical window
More light & heat in More light & heat in summer (strain on summer (strain on HVAC)HVAC)
Less in winter due to Less in winter due to lower winter sunlower winter sun
Fairly easy depending Fairly easy depending on roofing systemon roofing system
AtriaAtria Bring light to several Bring light to several different floorsdifferent floors
Too much to top Too much to top floorsfloors
Not enough to lower Not enough to lower floorsfloors
Extremely difficult, not Extremely difficult, not practicalpractical
Light-tubesLight-tubes Diffuse light efficientlyDiffuse light efficiently
Block out harsh light Block out harsh light and heatand heat
Only effective on top Only effective on top floorsfloors
Relatively inexpensive Relatively inexpensive & easy to install & easy to install depending on spacedepending on space
Fiber-opticsFiber-optics Possible to pipe light Possible to pipe light anywhere you can anywhere you can place a cable with zero place a cable with zero added heatadded heat
Directional, focused Directional, focused lightlight
ExpensiveExpensive
Easy to difficult Easy to difficult depending on space, depending on space, place into existing place into existing lighting systemslighting systems
2020
Skylights are low-technology solutionsSkylights are low-technology solutions
Challenging to install after construction is Challenging to install after construction is completedcompleted
Limited benefit – do not concentrate Limited benefit – do not concentrate natural lightnatural light
2121
Light-tubes have three main Light-tubes have three main components to concentrate natural lightcomponents to concentrate natural light
Hemisphere daylight collector/concentratorHemisphere daylight collector/concentrator
Highly reflective/efficient light conveyorHighly reflective/efficient light conveyor
Light diffuser in spaceLight diffuser in space
Demonstration:Demonstration:– http://www.solatube.com/commercial/educatio
n.php
2222
Advantages of light-tubes over Advantages of light-tubes over skylightsskylights
Can be installed where skylights would not Can be installed where skylights would not fitfit
Easier to install (no special framing and Easier to install (no special framing and drywall)drywall)
Greater light output per sq. ft.Greater light output per sq. ft.
Light is diffused throughout living spaceLight is diffused throughout living space
Not as prone to leakingNot as prone to leaking
2323
Costs of light-tube technologyCosts of light-tube technology
10” light tube – Illuminates 10’ x 10’ area – 10” light tube – Illuminates 10’ x 10’ area – $700 installed (approx.)$700 installed (approx.)
14” light tube – Illuminates 14’ x 14’ area – 14” light tube – Illuminates 14’ x 14’ area – $800 installed (approx.)$800 installed (approx.)
21” light tube – Illuminates 21’ x 21’ area – 21” light tube – Illuminates 21’ x 21’ area – $1,000 installed (approx.)$1,000 installed (approx.)
2424
Fiber-optic sunlight concentratorsFiber-optic sunlight concentrators
Benefits of natural light with convenience Benefits of natural light with convenience of artificial lightof artificial lightRoof-mounted platform with 45’ fiber optic Roof-mounted platform with 45’ fiber optic bundlebundleSunlight “piped” directly into rooms in Sunlight “piped” directly into rooms in buildingsbuildingsHybrid light fixtures automatically Hybrid light fixtures automatically regulates ratio of natural/artificial light for regulates ratio of natural/artificial light for consistent lightingconsistent lighting
2525
Costs of fiber-optic sunlight Costs of fiber-optic sunlight concentratorsconcentrators
Up to $10,000 per lighting fixtureUp to $10,000 per lighting fixture
2626
Disadvantages of natural light Disadvantages of natural light technology for ETSUtechnology for ETSU
Needs to be supplemented with artificial Needs to be supplemented with artificial light in most areas (overcast days and light in most areas (overcast days and nights)nights)
Johnson City has 56% annual possible Johnson City has 56% annual possible sunshine (compare Phoenix, Az – 85%)sunshine (compare Phoenix, Az – 85%)
Requires initial capital investment with Requires initial capital investment with long-term payback (2-3 years)long-term payback (2-3 years)
2727
ACTION RECOMMENDATIONSACTION RECOMMENDATIONS
2828
The Center for Physical ActivityThe Center for Physical Activity
The workout area
The basketball court area
2929
Potential SavingsPotential Savings
What kind of Lights? 1000 Watt Metal HalideWhat kind of Lights? 1000 Watt Metal Halide# of lights? 95 on one circuit# of lights? 95 on one circuit# of hrs. on per day? (6:30 am-11:00 pm) 16.5 hr/day# of hrs. on per day? (6:30 am-11:00 pm) 16.5 hr/day# of days per year? 330 days # of days per year? 330 days # of hrs on per year? 5445 hr/year# of hrs on per year? 5445 hr/year# of daylight hours supplemented per year? 3960 hr/year per fixture# of daylight hours supplemented per year? 3960 hr/year per fixtureElectric cost per kilowatt hr.? $0.098/kwh Electric cost per kilowatt hr.? $0.098/kwh Costs per fixture to upgrade? 100 tubes @ $600 each installedCosts per fixture to upgrade? 100 tubes @ $600 each installed
Annual Energy Savings (with proposed Solatube): $36,867.60Annual Energy Savings (with proposed Solatube): $36,867.60Current Annual Energy Bill for this set of lights: $55,301.00Current Annual Energy Bill for this set of lights: $55,301.00Total Installation for Solatube: Approximately $60,000 (2 year payback)Total Installation for Solatube: Approximately $60,000 (2 year payback)
http://info.graingeremail.com/energycalculator
3030
Recommendations for introducing Recommendations for introducing natural light to ETSU facilitiesnatural light to ETSU facilities
Conduct cost-benefit analysis for supplementing Conduct cost-benefit analysis for supplementing existing high-cost lighting (such as CPA) with light-tube existing high-cost lighting (such as CPA) with light-tube technologytechnologyPlace CPA lights on separate circuitsPlace CPA lights on separate circuitsInstall light tubes in a few internal office spaces (such Install light tubes in a few internal office spaces (such as counseling center or student resource center) on a as counseling center or student resource center) on a trial basis to gauge improvements in quality of work lifetrial basis to gauge improvements in quality of work lifeEvaluate installation of light tubes in internal hallwaysEvaluate installation of light tubes in internal hallwaysEvaluate installation of fiber-optic lighting in lower floor Evaluate installation of fiber-optic lighting in lower floor or basement labs, offices, and classroomsor basement labs, offices, and classroomsIncorporate natural lighting into new building designIncorporate natural lighting into new building design
3131
ConclusionConclusion
Introducing natural light to ETSU is not a Introducing natural light to ETSU is not a quick fix – It is a long-term commitment to quick fix – It is a long-term commitment to improving quality of work and school life improving quality of work and school life and to increase the use of sustainable and to increase the use of sustainable designdesign
3232
Contact InformationJack O’hanlon of The O’hanlon Group
-Lighting Consultant-Email: [email protected]: (865) 546-6735
Jerry Harris of Alexander Metals, Inc.-Solatube Representative-Email: [email protected]: (615) 256-6070
Taylor Duncan-Student of ETSU-Email: [email protected]: (865) 603-0708
3333
I would like to thank all involved in this project for their time, support, and assistance…
Jeremy RossKathleen MooreGary BishopDan O’BrienDiane GodseyIan WatsonPhyllis CooperJack O’HanlonJerry Harris