Introducing Lifting Heavy Things - Firsthand Learning
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Lifting Heavy Things, Revised 2016 Introducing Lifting Heavy Things Several days before beginning this kit, have available for children to explore independently, a basket of simple devices (kitchen gadgets) that you have collected. Include mechanical objects such as an eggbeater, an old pencil sharpener, an old clock, and a can opener, etc. Ø The challenge activities for Learning Experiences 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, and 8 have been amended to correlate with kit materials and to better meet the New York State Science Standards. • It is suggested that the challenges and charts be converted to use on the overhead or be made into permanent charts that can be laminated and use whenever you use this kit.
Transcript of Introducing Lifting Heavy Things - Firsthand Learning
LiftingHeavyThings,Revised2016
IntroducingLiftingHeavyThings
Severaldaysbeforebeginningthiskit,haveavailableforchildrentoexploreindependently,abasketofsimpledevices(kitchengadgets)thatyouhavecollected.Includemechanicalobjectssuchasaneggbeater,anoldpencilsharpener,anoldclock,andacanopener,etc.Ø ThechallengeactivitiesforLearningExperiences2,3,5,6,7,and8havebeen
amendedtocorrelatewithkitmaterialsandtobettermeettheNewYorkStateScienceStandards.
• Itissuggestedthatthechallengesandchartsbeconvertedtouseonthe
overheadorbemadeintopermanentchartsthatcanbelaminatedandusewheneveryouusethiskit.
LiftingHeavyThings,Revised2016
LearningExperience#2Fullandhalfpiecesofguttershavebeenaddedtothekit.Thelongerlengthofguttermaybesubstitutedforthemeterstickandtheshorterlengthforthe24”ruler.Therearegreenplasticflowerpotsincludedinthekitthatwillholdwashersandcanbeusedinplaceofthewhiteboxes.Whenusingthegutters,youshouldusethehalfpiecesectionsasfulcrumstogethertomakeoneasintheillustrationbelow.
ShouldyouchoosetodotheHomeSchoolWorksheetattheendofthislearningexperience,arevisedversionisincludedthatemphasizessafetyandworkingwithadultsupervisionwhendoingtheactivity.Asubstitutehomeschoolactivitymaybe,tohavechildrendrawapictureofaleverfoundintheirhomesandwriteadescriptiontellinghowitisused.
twofulcrums puttogether
sideview
LiftingHeavyThings,Revised2016
LearningExperience#3Safetygogglesareincludedforusewiththislearningexperience.Thislearningexperiencehasthreeactivities.Themanualsuggeststhatyousetuptwoidenticalstationsforeachactivity.However,onlyonesetofmaterialsisprovidedwithyourkit.Youmayfinditmoremanageabletohaveonlyonestationperactivity.Inyourkityouwillfindanemptypaintcanwithalidassuggestedinthematerialslistforthislearningexperience.Alsoincludedareacrescentwrenchandsomelagboltsbecausetheycanbeusedassimplemachines.Thecrescentwrenchcanbeusedasalevertoscreworunscrewthelagbolts.Thelagboltfunctionsasaspiralinginclinedplane,asdoesthewormgearonthecrescentwrench.ForSafetyreasonsitissuggestedthatyoueliminatetheuseoftheknifeandcrowbar.Thequarterandcraftstickcanbeusedinbothactivities#1and#2.Whenhammeringnailsintothewooditisbestnothammerthemallthewaydown.Forthethirdstationyoumaywanttouseaheavybook,likeadictionary,asload,the24”ruleastheleverand,theedgeofthedeskasthefulcrum.Ifyouhavearecyclingbin,tryputtingthedictionaryinitandusingapieceofwoodasthefulcrumandlift
theloadwiththemeterstick.Youshouldplantodothislearningexperienceatatimewhenthereisanadultassistantavailable.Youmaywanttorecruitaparentvolunteerora
responsibleuppergradestudentforthispurpose.
Startat24”andworkyourwayup.
LiftingHeavyThings,Revised2016
LearningExperience#5Ø Ifyouchoosetousethemetersticksinplaceoftheguttershere,itisnecessary
totapetwoofthemtogethertodoublethewidth.Ø Rubberbandsmaybesubstitutedfortapeonthebox*thatthestudentsneedto
continuallyopen(tapeandun-tape)whenworkingwithweights.Anothersuggestionistosubstitutethegreenplasticflowerpotswhichareprovidedinyourkit,inplaceoftheboxthatwouldneedtocontinuallybeopened.Youcanuseanopened,large,paperclipfor‘S’hooks.
Springscales,whichareincludedinthiskit,canbeusedasanalternativewaytomeasureforce.Thoughtheycanbeusedinmanylessons,theyworkespeciallywellwiththeinclinedplanes.Youmaywanttoleavethespringscaleandwashersinanareawherethechildrencanindependentlyinvestigatethemandrecordtheirobservations.*Boxesareconsideredconsumableitems.Onceassembledwiththestring,youmaybeabletokeepthemintactandreplacethemasneeded.Youshouldbeabletosavethemfromyeartoyear,makingsetupeasier.
SealedBox6weights
OpenedPaperclip
Flowerpot6weights
OpenedPaperclip
LiftingHeavyThings,Revised2016
LearningExperience#6Cclampsareincludedtouseaspulleys.ThelargeCclampfitsontopofthedoorreplacingthe‘S’hook,(seemanualp.115.)Arecycledlaundrydetergentbottle,whichcanbefilledwithwater,maybeusedasaloadforthestudents’toexperiencetheusefulnessofapulley.ThesmallCclampsareusedforstudents’deskswiththeboxesandweights.Whenusingthemeterstickwiththepulleyitishelpfultotapeitdownsoitwon’tslidearound.Whenworkingwiththepulleysystems,youmayneedtousetwopaperclipsopenedtoform‘S’hooks.Seeillustrationbelow.
Ø Trythisactivitytofurtherillustratetheuseofapulley.
• Youwillneedtwobroomsandalengthofrope.
o Havetwostudentsholdtwobroomsabout18”apartfromandparalleltooneanother.
o Tieoneendofaropetothefirstbroomhandlethenlooptheropearoundbothbroomsonetime.
o Haveathirdstudentslowlypullthelooseendoftheropewhiletheothertwostudentsattempttokeepthebroomsapart.
o Repeattheprocessloopingtheropetwotimesandthenthreetimes.JournalActivity
Studentsshoulddescribewhathappenedasmoreloopswereadded.
LiftingHeavyThings,Revised2016
LearningExperience#7Thethree-partpulleysystemprovidesachallengeforstudents.Afterbrainstormingwithstudents,perhapsintheformofdrawingsandquestions,youmaywanttoprovideanillustrationofthepictureonpg.131ofyourteachers’guide.Thestudentscanthenassembleandinvestigateathree-pulleysystem.
Ø PredictandTest
v Whatistheadvantageofusingpulleys?
ChallengeActivitySharingTheLoad
AnEmbeddedAssessment
• Thisactivitycanbedoneasagrouporinalearningcenter.
MaterialsRequired
• Cclamp• 2stringsabout1meterlong.BothbeginningattheCclamp• 2pulleys
o Usingthepulleysystemillustratedbelow,predicttheamountofforcerequiredtoliftaheavyobjectsuchas2litersofwater,whichhasamassofapproximately2000grams.
o Afterrecordingyourpredictioninyourjournal,usethespringscaletomeasuretheactualforce.
o CompareyourfindingstoyourpredictionsJournalQuestions
1. Whenusingapulleysystemsuchasthistoliftaheavyload;a. Whataretheadvantagesb. Whatarethedisadvantages
2. Whataresomeofthewaysthatyoucouldconnectadditionalpulleystothissystemtomakeiteveneasiertoliftheavyobjects?
a. Recordyourpredictionsaboutthenewarrangementsandtestthemusingthespringscales
LiftingHeavyThings,Revised2016
LearningExperience#8EmbeddedAssessment
Inadditionto,orinplaceofthesuggestedactivityyoumaychoosetousethefollowingactivity.Anillustrationofanautomechanicshopwillbefoundonthenextpage.Feelfreetocopythisdrawing.Thisactivitycanbedoneindividuallyorinsmallgroups.Studentsworkingtogethershouldlatergiveanoralpresentationoftheirideastotheclass*
Ø Tasks1. Nametheobjectbeinglifted2. Identifythesimplemachinebeingusedtolifteachobject3. Cantheworkbemadeeasier?
a. Explainormakeadrawingtoshowhow
Bonus:Canyouthinkofothersimplemachinesthatmightbeusedinanautorepairshop?*Ifyoufindanotherwaytousethisillustration,pleaseshareyourideaswithusontheevaluationsheetthatcanbefoundatthefollowinglink;Firsthandlearning.org
LiftingHeavyThings,Revised2016
LiftingHeavyThings,Revised2016
OverviewThislessonprovidesstudentswiththeopportunitytoexperiencethemechanicaladvantagepossiblebyusingcertainpulley-ropeconfigurations.Studentswillengageinvestigationofavarietyofpulley-ropeconfigurationsinanefforttoliftone-gallonwaterjugs.Theywillmeasuretheforcerequiredtoliftthewaterjugsusingspringscalesanddrawconclusionsabouttheusefulnessofeachpulley-ropeconfiguration.MaterialsØ Onesetofmaterialsforeverypairofstudents
ü 2plasticgallonsizedwaterjugs,filledü 1plasticgallonsizedwaterjug,filledhalfwayü 3nylonropes,each2meterslongü 1springscale
Procedure
1. Askstudentstobrainstormasmanywaysaspossibletomakeiteasiertoliftsomethingheavy.Generateaclasslistofideasonchartpaper.
2. Havestudentsworkwiththeirparentstoexploreavarietyofwaystouse
ropesandpulleystoliftobjects.
A. Askthentomakepredictionsaboutwhichofthefollowingconfigurationswillmakeiteasiertoliftthewaterjug.
B. Challengethemtomeasureandrecordtheforceneededtomakethe
liftineachcase.
LiftingHeavyThings,Revised2016
3. Discusswithstudentstheforcemeasurementsthattheyhavemade.
A. Askthestudentswhethertheycanexplainwhattheyhavelearned.4. Challengeyourstudentstouseadditionalmaterialsavailabletopredicthow
muchforceitwilltaketolift2gallonsofwaterineachofthesituationspicturedin#2.
A. Askthemtotesttheirpredictions.
Case1 Case2
Partner1 Partner2Partner1
Case3 Case4
Partner1
Partner1
Doorknob
LiftingHeavyThings,Revised2016
5. Askstudentstoinventwaystomakeiteasiertoliftheavyobjectsusingropesandpulleys.Encouragethemtorecordthevarietyofmethodsthattheytryalongwiththeevidencethattheyhavegathered.
JournalQuestionØ Whataresomewaysthatwillmakeiteveneasiertoliftheavythings?6. Havestudentsdrawtheconfigurationofropesandpulleystheyfeelmakesit
easiesttoliftthewaterjugs.Askthemtoincludetheevidencethattheyhaveforthisconclusion.
