Introducing Government in America Ch. 1. Government institutions and agencies that translate...

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Introducing Government Introducing Government in America in America Ch. 1 Ch. 1

Transcript of Introducing Government in America Ch. 1. Government institutions and agencies that translate...

Page 1: Introducing Government in America Ch. 1. Government institutions and agencies that translate institutions and agencies that translate public will into.

Introducing Introducing Government in America Government in America

Ch. 1Ch. 1

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GovernmentGovernment

institutions institutions and agencies and agencies that translatethat translate

public will into public will into public policy;public policy; defined defined constitutionallconstitutionallyy

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PoliticsPolitics who gets who gets

what, when what, when and howand how

evolutionary evolutionary processprocess

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Six Basic Functions of Six Basic Functions of GovernmentGovernment

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TheTheEvolution of Evolution of DemocracyDemocracy

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AthensAthens

ParticipationParticipation EducationEducation ServiceService PhilosophersPhilosophers

SocratesSocrates PlatoPlato AristotleAristotle

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““The middle class is least likely The middle class is least likely to shrink from rule, or to be to shrink from rule, or to be overambitious for it: both of overambitious for it: both of which are injuries to the state.... which are injuries to the state.... But a city ought to be But a city ought to be composed, as far as possible, of composed, as far as possible, of equals and similars; and these equals and similars; and these are generally the middle class... are generally the middle class...

Aristotle – On PoliticsAristotle – On Politics

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RomeRome

RepublicRepublic Bicameral Bicameral

legislaturelegislature Checks & Checks &

balancesbalances Twelve Twelve

TablesTables CitizenshipCitizenship

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LockeLocke HobbesHobbes RousseauRousseau MontesquieuMontesquieu VoltaireVoltaire

Philosophers of the Enlightenment

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Who said it?Who said it?

““Each of us puts his person Each of us puts his person and all his power in and all his power in common under the common under the supreme direction of the supreme direction of the general will; and in a body, general will; and in a body, we receive each member as we receive each member as an indivisible part of the an indivisible part of the whole.”whole.”

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Who said it?Who said it?

““I may disapprove of I may disapprove of what you say but I what you say but I will defend to the will defend to the

death your right to death your right to say it.”say it.”

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Who said it?Who said it?The natural condition of humans isThe natural condition of humans is

““. . . a state of perfect freedom to order. . . a state of perfect freedom to order

their actions, and dispose of their their actions, and dispose of their possessionspossessions

and persons as they think fit, . . .without and persons as they think fit, . . .without asking leave or depending upon the will asking leave or depending upon the will of any other manof any other man

. . . . A state also of equality, wherein all the . . . . A state also of equality, wherein all the power and jurisdiction is reciprocal power and jurisdiction is reciprocal [shared equally], no one having more [shared equally], no one having more than another.”than another.”

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Who said it?Who said it? The natural condition of humans is one The natural condition of humans is one

of continuous conflict and of continuous conflict and competition:..competition:..“In such condition, there is “In such condition, there is no place for industry, because the fruit no place for industry, because the fruit thereof is uncertain; and consequently thereof is uncertain; and consequently nono

culture of the earth,. . . no knowledge of culture of the earth,. . . no knowledge of the face of the earth, no account of time, the face of the earth, no account of time, no arts, no letters, no society; and which no arts, no letters, no society; and which is worst of all, continual fear and danger is worst of all, continual fear and danger of violent death; and the life of people, of violent death; and the life of people, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short”solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short”

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Who said it?Who said it?

““When the legislative and executive When the legislative and executive powers are united in the same powers are united in the same person, or in the same body of person, or in the same body of magistrates, there can be no liberty; magistrates, there can be no liberty; because apprehension may arise, because apprehension may arise, lest the same monarch or senate lest the same monarch or senate should enact them in a tyrannical should enact them in a tyrannical manner.”manner.”

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The U.S. ConstitutionThe U.S. Constitution

FederalismFederalism Three Three

branchesbranches StructureStructure PowersPowers

Process for Process for amendingamending

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AmendmentsAmendments

Twenty-seven total in over 200 Twenty-seven total in over 200 yearsyears

Bill of RightsBill of Rights Extension of electorateExtension of electorate Clarifying problems in structure Clarifying problems in structure

and functions of government.and functions of government.

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Challenges to DemocracyChallenges to Democracy ParticipationParticipation DiversityDiversity Conflict over the Conflict over the

“public good”“public good” Increased Increased

technical technical expertiseexpertise

Representational Representational stylesstyles

Campaign Campaign finance concernsfinance concerns

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Consensus and compromiseConsensus and compromiseor “Two Americas?”or “Two Americas?”

Divided governmentDivided government GridlockGridlock PartisanshipPartisanship Moderates Moderates

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Principles of DemocracyPrinciples of Democracy

Equality in votingEquality in voting Effective participationEffective participation Enlightened understandingEnlightened understanding Citizen control of the agendaCitizen control of the agenda InclusionInclusion Majority rules; minority rights Majority rules; minority rights

preservedpreserved IndividualismIndividualism

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Six Theories of Who Six Theories of Who GovernsGoverns

Marxism/ClassMarxism/Class C. Wright MillsC. Wright Mills ( (The Power EliteThe Power Elite) ) Bureaucrats Bureaucrats (Max Webber)(Max Webber) PluralistPluralist HyperpluralismHyperpluralism Interlocking directoratesInterlocking directorates