Introducing DNA
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Transcript of Introducing DNA
![Page 1: Introducing DNA](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032016/568131a8550346895d98163a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Introducing DNA
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Outline DNA nucleotide structure in terms of sugar, base, and phosphate
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Outline how DNA nucleotides are linked by covalent bonds
into a polymer
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Explain how a DNA double helix is formed using complementary base pairing and hydrogen bonds
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Draw and label a simple diagram of the molecular structure of DNA
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• Explain DNA replication in terms of unwinding the double helix and separation of the strands by helicase, followed by formation of the new complementary strands by DNA polymerase
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DNA Replication
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• Explain the significance of complementary base pairing in the conservation of the base sequence of DNA
• State that DNA replication is semi-conservative
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Replication Animation
• http://www.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/~johnson/teaching/genetics/animations/dna_replication.htm
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Polypeptides and Genes• Polypeptides are long chains of amino acids• So then, what are proteins?
• Genes:• segments of DNA that store information that
determines the sequence of amino acids of a polypeptide
• The information in genes is decoded during the production of a polypeptide via Transcription and Translation
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DNA and RNA Differences between • Feature DNA RNA
• # of strands:
ds; double helix typically ss
• Type of Sugar:
deoxyribose ribose
• Types of bases:
A,T,G,C A,U,G,C
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Transcription – converting DNA into RNA: Compare the structure of RNA
and DNA
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Outline DNA transcription in terms of the formation of an RNA strand complementary to the DNA strand
by RNA polymerase
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Describe the genetic code in termso f codons composed of triplets of
bases
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Translation Basics• Carried out by:
• Ribosomes, mRNA, tRNA, the genetic code
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Transfer RNA (tRNA)
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• Explain the process of translation, leading to polypeptide formation.
• Include the roles of messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), codons, anticodons, ribosomes, and amino acids
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Translation Step 1 - Initiation
• http://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/translation/movie.htm
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Discuss the relationship of one gene one polypeptide