Introducatio SD for enginers
Transcript of Introducatio SD for enginers
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www.upc.edu How is the world today?
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www.upc.edu What the hell are we talking about?
What is sustainability? What is Sustainable development?
????
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www.happyplanetindex.org
What the hell are we talking about?
FOR ALL FOR EVER
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Carrying capacity In ecology: carrying capacity in the maximum number of any
species that a habitat can support along the time
What happens when the carrying capacity is overcome?
As humans which is our habitat?
Which is our carrying capacity as humans in our habitat?
• It depends on: – The humans “needs” to live.
– The Tech used to fulfill those “needs” in terms of resources/waste/pollution
– Our social organization and its resilience.
Concepts
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Ecological footprint Redefines carrying capacity as the surface of productive
earth and water needed to maintain a population at a
certain standard of living. Units: gha.
Concepts
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IPAT equation
I = P A T I – Impact to environment
P – Population
A – Affluence: products/services consumed per person (sufficiency)
T – Impact to environment for unit of product/service. (Tech efficiency +
effectiveness)
Concepts
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Font: Population Division of the
Department of Economic and
Social Affairs of the United Nations
Secretariat (2007).
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World population
1950-2050
Font: Population Division of
the Department of
Economic and Social
Affairs of the United
Nations Secretariat (2007).
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www.upc.edu Població
Distribució de la població per edats i per regions: projecció mitjana.
Font: Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United
Nations Secretariat (2007).
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www.upc.edu Affluence
Resum
Font: Population Division of the
Department of Economic and
Social Affairs of the United Nations
Secretariat (2007).
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IPAT exercice.
I = P A T I – Impact to environment in 2050 = 50% of current situation
P – Population
A – Affluence: products/services consumed per person
• 2% annual in “developed” countries (20% population)
• Developing countries (80% population) the same development as
“developed” by 2050.
T – Impact to environment for unit of product/service.
• ??????? – 2 => 50%
– 3 => 66%
– 4 => 75%
Concepts
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What does the EF measure?
Consumption of food and materials: in relation to the surface of earth and seas biologically productive needed to produce that natural resources.
Consumption of energy: on the basis of the surface necessary to absorb the correlatives emissions of CO2.
• The measuring is done in “units of surface”. A surface’s unit is equivalent to an hectare of world productivity average.
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Evaluation Matrix Ecological Footprint
[ha/capita]
A
Fossil
energy
B
Degradation
C
Agricultural
growing
D
Cereals
E
Pastures
F
Forestry
running
TOTAL
1 ALIMENTATION
11 Vegetables
12 Animal
2 HOUSING
21 Construction
22 Operation
3 TRANSPORT
31 Private
32 Public
33 Of products
4 CONSUMPTIN GOODS
41 Packing
42 Clothing
43 Furniture
44 Books/Journals
45 Tobacco/Alcohol
46 Personal care
47 Recreational
equipment
48 Others
5 SERVICES
51 Government + Army
52 Education
53 Health
54 Social Services
55 Tourism
56 Culture
57 Banking/Financing
58 Others
TOTAL
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Example: Canada 1991 Ecological Footprint [ha/capita]
A
Fossil energy
B
Degradation
C
Agricultural growing
D
Cereals
E
Pastures
F
Forestry running
TOTAL
1 ALIMENTATION
11 Vegetables
12 Animal
0.33
0.14
0.19
0.02
0.02
0.60
0.18
0.42
0.33
0.33
0.02
0.01
0.01
1.30
2 HOUSING
21 Construction
22 Operation
0.41
0.06
0.35
0.08 0.002 0.40
0.35
0.05
0.89
3 TRANSPORT
31 Private
32 Public
33 Of products
0.79
0.60
0.07
0.12
0.10 0.89
4 CONSUMPTIN GOODS
41 Packing
42 Clothing
43 Furniture
44 Books/Journals
45 Tobacco/Alcohol
46 Personal care
47 Recreational equipment
48 Others
0.52
0.10
0.11
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.03
0.10
0.00
0.01 0.06
0.02
0.04
0.13
0.13
0.17
0.04
0.03
0.10
0.89
5 SERVICES
51 Government + Army
52 Education
53 Health
54 Social Services
55 Tourism
56 Culture
57 Banking/Financing
58 Others
0.29
0.06
0.08
0.08
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.05
0.01 0.30
TOTAL 2.34 0.20 0.02 0.66 0.46 0.59 4.27
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www.upc.edu Global values Informe Living planet 2010
World availability per capita: 1.8 units
Word consumption 2,7 units =>
50% higher than availability
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www.upc.edu Local Ecological Footprint,
Available
Available 2
Available 3
Available 4
Available 4 1/2
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UA
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UA
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www.upc.edu Ecological Footprint evolution
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Human development index (HDI) looks beyond GDP to a broader definition of
wellbeing.
The HDI provides a composite measure of three dimensions of human
development:
• living a long and healthy life (measured by life expectancy),
• being educated (measured by adult literacy and enrolment at the primary,
secondary and tertiary level) and
• having a decent standard of living (measured by purchasing power parity,
income).
The index is not in any sense a comprehensive measure of human development.
It does not, for example, include important indicators such as respect for human
rights, democracy and inequality. What it does provide is a broadened prism for
viewing human progress and the complex relationship between income and well-
being.
The human development index
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www.upc.edu The human development index
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www.upc.edu The human development index
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d’après Aurélien Boutaud, ENSMSE, RAE
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Empreinte écologique (ha/hab)
Besoins des
générations
futures
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1
11
Ind
icate
ur
de d
évelo
pp
em
en
t h
um
ain
–ID
H)
Besoins des
générations
actuelles
: chemin du développement "classique"
développement durable
: chemins du développement durable
les « chemins »
souhaitables diffèrent
mais tentent de susciter
une convergence à long
terme écologiquement
viable et politiquement
acceptable.
/5 /3
C. Brodhag, http://www.brodhag.org
From “clasic development” to sustainable development
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HDI - EF
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Unbalances
Social problems
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Font: PNUD 2008
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Exercise 2 Evaluate current carrying capacity of the earth. (% of current population)
Evaluate current carrying capacity if everybody live as a OECD citizen (% of
current population)
Concepts
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Economy
(‘inevitable laws’)
Environment
(‘technology
can fix it’)
Society
The current world view
- relative importance?
Economy laws are
‘inevitable’ - market
laws
Environment is used to fulfill
the demands of the Economy
laws. (Resources, waste and
pollution absorption)
Society adapts to the
inevitable economy laws:
As much money as sooner as
possible.
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But this is what we all ultimately
depend on for life - so...
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Environment
- ‘inevitable’
Engineers provide the interfaces...
Society
Infrastructure
Products
Economy
- invented!
Environmental laws are
‘inevitable’ - laws of nature.
Environment nurtures,
supports and makes
possible….
Society - which has a
mixture of instinctive and
learned/cultural laws
Society has invented, to
serve society’s purposes….
Economy - whose rules and
practices are totally ‘invented’
by society
SO: why do so many regard Economic laws as ‘inevitable’ (globalisation, etc); but
Environmental laws, and limits, as manipulable?
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www.upc.edu Current trend evolution
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Very low (zero)
Commuting: high
Use of appliances:
medium high
Activity Happiness
Sex 4,7
Socialising 4,0
Relaxing 3,9
Praying/meditating 3,8
Eating 3,8
Exercising 3,8
Watching TV 3,6
Shopping 3,2
Preparing food 3,2
Talking in phone 3,1
Taking care of children 3,0
Computer/internet 3,0
Housework 3,0
Working 2,7
Commuting 2,6
Energy intensity (J/h)
Source: (Holmberg & Nässen 2011) and (Kahneman et al. 2004)