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Transcript of IntroCS Lecture Notes 1 Eng v03
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Introduction to Specialty
Computer Science
Dr. Sc Ing. Boriss Misnevs
Lecture Notes N 1_Eng_v03
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Boriss Misnevs. Introduction to CS. 2
Literature
Brookshear, J. Glenn. Computer Science: anoverview7th ed., Addison Wesley, 2003.
575 pp. . .
, 6- . ., 2001.686 .
Angu Latvieu Krievu InformtikasVrdnca. Avots. 2001. - 660 lpp.
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Computer Science (CS)
CS is the discipline that seeks to build
a scientific foundation for such topics
as
Computer design
Computer programmingInformation processing
Algorithmic solution of problems
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The Study of Algorithms
An algorithm is a set of steps that
defines how a task is performed. An algorithm is an ordered set of
unambiguous, executable steps that
define a terminating activity
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An algorithm for performing
A machine-compatible representationof an algorithm is called a program
Programs and the algorithms theyrepresent, are collectively referred assoftware
The machinery itself is known ashardware
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Algorithm Implementation
If we can find an algorithm that directs the
performance of a task than we can construct
a machine to perform this task If no algorithm exists for solving a problem,
than the solution of that problem lies
beyond the capability of machines
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Programming Language
Once an algorithm for solving a problem
has been discovered, the next step is
to represent the algorithm to a machine orto other humans.
We need a programming language to
transform the conceptual algorithm into a
clear set of instructions and represent these
instructions in unambiguous manner
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Software Engineering
Design of large computer systems involves more
then the development of the individual algorithms
for performing the required activities. Computer scientists have turned to the well-
established field of engineering, which contains
requirement management, system design, coding,
verification, project management, personnelmanagement etc.
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Machine Architecture
Machine design is limited by technology
and thus the way we represent algorithms is
also limited by the technology
Internal features of a machine are often
reflected in the machine external
characteristics, for example, relating to datastorage and retrieval
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The Science of Algorithms
Theoretical work of mathematicians began
to pay dividendsmathematicians had
already been investigated those questionsregarding algorithmic processes that
advanced technologies began to raise.
It is important to distinguish between
Computer Science and Computer Science
Application
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The Role of Abstraction
Term ABSRACTION refers to the
distinction between the external properties
of an entity and the details of the entitysinternal composition
Abstraction allows us to construct, analyze,
and manage large, complex computersystems
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The History
Abacusancient Greek and Roman civilization
Pascals machine (1623-1662, France) was built to
follow only the addition algorithm Leibnizs machine (1646-1716, Germany) had its
algorithms firmly embedded in the architecture
Babbages Analytical engine (1792-1871,England) was designed to read instructions from
holes in paper cards
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The Origins of Modern
Computing Machines The abstract machines were hypothesized
by mathematicians in the early 1900s.
The first time the technology of vacuumtubes to construct totally electronic digitalcomputer was implemented in Atanasoff-Berry machine (from 1939 to 1941).
The more powerful ENIAC was placed inoperation at the Moore School in 1945.
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The Manchester Mark 1
The engineering
team: Prof. F.C.
Williams, Tom
Kilburn andGeoff Tootill
The software
development:Alan Turing
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Final Specification - October 1949:
Store organised in 40-bit addressable "line"s,holding one 40-bit number or two 20-bit instructions
Serial 40-bit arithmetic
2 modifier registers
Single-address format order code with 26 functioncodes
4 pages of random access main store
32 page capacity drum backing store, 2 pages pertrack, about 30 milliseconds revolution time
Standard instruction time: 1.8 milliseconds
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Augusta Ada Byron, Countess of
Lovelase (1815-1852) She translated from French to English a paper
discussing Charles Babbages design for the
Analytical Engine (based on the technology ofgears)
She made numerous suggestions and apparently
contributed some of the examples
Thus Ada Augusta is recognized today as the
worlds first programmer
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Personal Computers (PC)
1975 The Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems
(MITS) developed Altair 8800, the first personal computer
with BASIC written by Bill Gates and Paul Allen.
1976 - The Microsoft company reworks and improvesBASIC to sell to other distributors such as DTC, General
Electric, NCR, and Citibank.
1976Steve Jobs and Stephen Wozniak designed Apple
Computerfirst commercially viable home computer 1981IBM introduced its first desktop computer, called
the personal computer, or PC for short
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Quiz 1
Draw the table
Select one of the following answers:Iyes, - no, not known
Question No. Answer Check
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
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Question 1.1
Is it true that electronic computers
were implemented in the secondpart of the XX century?
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Question 1.2
Is it true that computers
traditionally have strong relations
to mathematics?
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Question 1.3
Is it true that Bill Geits is the
father of PC ?
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Question 1.4
Is J. Glenn Brookshear the author of
your textbook Computer Science: an
overview?
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Question 1.5
Will you complete the written test
on Introduction to Specialtysuccessfully?
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Quiz 1(correct answers)
Check you answers and mark correct answers by +
Please, count and write in the total number of correctanswers!
Question No. Answer Check
1.1 -1.2 I
1.3 -
1.4 I
1.5
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Directions of Computer Science - 1
1. Algorithms and Data Structures
2. Programming Languages
3. Computer Architecture4. Operating Systems and Computer
Networks
5. Software Engineering6. Databases and Information Retrieval
Systems
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Directions of Computer Science - 2
7. Artificial Intelligence and Robotics
8. Computer Graphics
9. Human-Computer Interaction
10. Computational Mathematics
11. Application Informatics
12. Bioinformatics
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Bioinformatics
Creation and maintenance of databases of
biological information
Finding the genes in the DNA (the molecule thatencodes genetic information) sequences of
various organisms
Developing methods to predict the structure
and/or function of newly discovered proteins
and structural RNA (ribonucleic acid)
sequences etc.
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Quiz 2
Please, count and write in the total number of correctanswers!
Question No. Answer Check
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
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Question 2.1
Is it true that Tom Kilburnwas The father
of Manchester Mark 1 computer?
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Question 2.2
Is it true that computation
geometry creates in the bases ofthe Computer Graphics?
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Question 2.3
Is it true that the topic Programming
languages covers large programsystems development?
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Question 2.4
Is it true that genetic algorithms are
investigated under the topic ArtificialIntelligence?
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Question 2.5
Does the abbreviationHCI stand for HighCircle Integrity?
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Quiz 2 (correct answers)
Check you answers and mark correct answers by +
Please, count and write in the total number of correctanswers!
Question No. Answer Check
2.1 I2.2 I
2.3 -
2.4 I
2.5 -
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The subject structure
Lectures32 hours (Computer Science
Overview)
Practice classes18 hours (Word, Excel,Power Point, Internet, E-mail, Service
applications5 Assignments).
Final Written Test