Intro to Metrology
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Transcript of Intro to Metrology
NCSL INTERNATIONALNCSL INTERNATIONALSERVING THE WORLD OF MEASUREMENTSERVING THE WORLD OF MEASUREMENT
MetrologyMetrologyThe Science of MeasurementThe Science of Measurement
164 Education Liaison & Outreach164 Education Liaison & Outreach
NCSL INTERNATIONALNCSL INTERNATIONALSERVING THE WORLD OF MEASUREMENTSERVING THE WORLD OF MEASUREMENT
Let’s take a trip back in time…Let’s take a trip back in time…
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Prehistoric peoplePrehistoric people didn’t have time to measuredidn’t have time to measure
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But over time….But over time….
NCSL INTERNATIONALNCSL INTERNATIONALSERVING THE WORLD OF MEASUREMENTSERVING THE WORLD OF MEASUREMENT
people started growing foodpeople started growing food
NCSL INTERNATIONALNCSL INTERNATIONALSERVING THE WORLD OF MEASUREMENTSERVING THE WORLD OF MEASUREMENT
and developing permanent settlementsand developing permanent settlements
NCSL INTERNATIONALNCSL INTERNATIONALSERVING THE WORLD OF MEASUREMENTSERVING THE WORLD OF MEASUREMENT
So, they needed a system of So, they needed a system of measurement…measurement…
NCSL INTERNATIONALNCSL INTERNATIONALSERVING THE WORLD OF MEASUREMENTSERVING THE WORLD OF MEASUREMENT
or there would be mayhem!or there would be mayhem!
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History of MeasurementHistory of Measurement
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Egyptian CubitEgyptian Cubit
Used to build pyramidsUsed to build pyramids Dependent on the pharaohDependent on the pharaoh Missed calibration was Missed calibration was
punishable by death!punishable by death!
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Fast-forward 5000 years to Fast-forward 5000 years to current measurement systemscurrent measurement systems
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Metric System (SI)Metric System (SI)
MassMass Kilogram Kilogram (kg)(kg)
LengthLength Meter (m)Meter (m)
TimeTime Second (s)Second (s)
TemperatureTemperature Kelvin (K) Kelvin (K)
Electric CurrentElectric CurrentAmpere (A)Ampere (A)
Amount of SubstanceAmount of SubstanceMole (mol)Mole (mol)
Luminous IntensityLuminous Intensity Candela (cd)Candela (cd)
International International System System
of Measurementof Measurement
SEVEN BASE UNITSSEVEN BASE UNITS
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Simple to useSimple to use• Bases of tenBases of ten
All other units derived from primary sevenAll other units derived from primary seven• For example: V = cmFor example: V = cm33 = 1 mL = 1 mL
Metric System (SI)Metric System (SI)
NCSL INTERNATIONALNCSL INTERNATIONALSERVING THE WORLD OF MEASUREMENTSERVING THE WORLD OF MEASUREMENT
Now, a couple of definitions…Now, a couple of definitions…
NCSL INTERNATIONALNCSL INTERNATIONALSERVING THE WORLD OF MEASUREMENTSERVING THE WORLD OF MEASUREMENT
““the science that deals with measurement” the science that deals with measurement”
““to determine the dimension, quantity or to determine the dimension, quantity or capacity of something”capacity of something”
MeasureMeasure
MetrologyMetrology
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Metrology ConceptsMetrology Concepts
Uncertainty Uncertainty • Value assigned to a measurement result that Value assigned to a measurement result that
characterizes how well it is known/unknowncharacterizes how well it is known/unknown
Measurement Result Potential Value
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Metrology ConceptsMetrology Concepts
TraceabilityTraceability• Unbroken chain of comparisons to the SI units, all Unbroken chain of comparisons to the SI units, all
having stated uncertaintieshaving stated uncertainties
NMI
You, the Consumer
Inaccurate Measurements
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Metrology ConceptsMetrology Concepts
CalibrationCalibration• Set of operations that establish the relationship Set of operations that establish the relationship
between values of quantities indicated by a between values of quantities indicated by a measuring instrument and a reference standardmeasuring instrument and a reference standard
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MetrologistMetrologist Designs and runs Designs and runs
measurement calibrations & measurement calibrations & teststests
Analyzes the results Analyzes the results Determines the final accuracy Determines the final accuracy
of the device under testof the device under test
Calibration Calibration EngineerEngineer
Calibration Calibration TechnicianTechnician
MetrologistMetrologist
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Metrology CareersMetrology Careers
Scientific MetrologyScientific Metrology • Organization and development of measurement Organization and development of measurement
standards and their maintenance (highest level)standards and their maintenance (highest level)
NIST Atomic Clock
Accurate to 1 s in 20 million years
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Metrology CareersMetrology Careers
Industrial MetrologyIndustrial Metrology • Adequate functioning of measurement instruments Adequate functioning of measurement instruments
used in industry as well as production and testing used in industry as well as production and testing processesprocesses
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Metrology CareersMetrology Careers
Legal MetrologyLegal Metrology • Measurements that influence economic Measurements that influence economic
transactions, health and safetytransactions, health and safety
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Who Needs Who Needs Accurate Measurements?Accurate Measurements?
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Pharmaceutical IndustryPharmaceutical Industry
Metrology laboratories test Metrology laboratories test weights and volume standards weights and volume standards for pharmaceutical companiesfor pharmaceutical companies
Products include medicines like Products include medicines like aspirin, antibiotics, vaccines, aspirin, antibiotics, vaccines, insulin, & vitaminsinsulin, & vitamins
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Defense IndustryDefense Industry
Metrology laboratories test Metrology laboratories test standards for many military standards for many military and defense companiesand defense companies
These companies make the These companies make the guidance systems for the guidance systems for the Patriot missiles and other Patriot missiles and other things that arethings that are top secret
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Space Station, Satellites….Space Station, Satellites….
Metrology laboratories test Metrology laboratories test standards for many companies standards for many companies that provide parts of the space that provide parts of the space shuttleshuttle
These parts include the metal, These parts include the metal, heat shield, electronics, fabrics, heat shield, electronics, fabrics, o-rings, optics, and tireso-rings, optics, and tires
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Retail MeasurementsRetail Measurements
State metrology laboratories State metrology laboratories test standards used to test test standards used to test retail scales and metersretail scales and meters
These include gas pumps, These include gas pumps, produce scales, milk, bread produce scales, milk, bread and other packaged items, and other packaged items, and price scanning systemsand price scanning systems
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Weights and Measures Weights and Measures measurements measurements
affect more than $6.6 affect more than $6.6 trillion of the $13.2 trillion of the $13.2
trillion trillion U.S. GDP (1996)U.S. GDP (1996)
Who Needs Accurate Who Needs Accurate Measurements?Measurements? Everybody!Everybody!
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Interested in Metrology?Interested in Metrology?
Academic SubjectsAcademic Subjects
Physical SciencePhysical SciencePhysicsPhysicsMaterial PropertiesMaterial Properties
MathMathFormulaFormulaStatistical AnalysisStatistical Analysis
Computer ScienceComputer ScienceAutomation Automation Programming Programming Database BuildingDatabase Building
Writing SkillsWriting SkillsTechnical WritingTechnical WritingManagement Management SystemsSystems
NCSL INTERNATIONALNCSL INTERNATIONALSERVING THE WORLD OF MEASUREMENTSERVING THE WORLD OF MEASUREMENT
Interested in Metrology?Interested in Metrology?
Academic SubjectsAcademic Subjects
Physical SciencePhysical SciencePhysicsPhysicsMaterial PropertiesMaterial Properties
MathMathFormulaFormulaStatistical AnalysisStatistical Analysis
Computer ScienceComputer ScienceAutomation Automation Programming Programming Database BuildingDatabase Building
Writing SkillsWriting SkillsTechnical WritingTechnical WritingManagement Management SystemsSystems
““Metrology community is Metrology community is facing a shortage of facing a shortage of
qualified, trained qualified, trained metrology personnel metrology personnel
across the U.S.” across the U.S.”
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For More InformationFor More Information
NCSL International (NCSLI)NCSL International (NCSLI)
www.ncsli.orgwww.ncsli.org
Special Thanks to FreeFoto.com, www.sxc.hu
Developed byNCSLI Committee 164
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Special Thanks to Special Thanks to
FreeFoto.com, FreeFoto.com, www.sxc.huwww.sxc.hu, , Microsoft Office ClipartMicrosoft Office Clipart
Presentation Developed byPresentation Developed byNCSLI Committee 164NCSLI Committee 164
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Questions, Comments, Questions, Comments, Suggestions?Suggestions?