Vincent Lefebvre – August 2015vclefebvre@gmail.com

Source: Appinions, July 2015

The Internet of Things

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About the Author

• Background:• Extensive product development career in the networking industry

• 3Com, Nortel, Motorola…• Leadership of software & cross-functional teams, program management• Strategic technology integration partnerships, partner management

• Partners: Alcatel-Lucent, Brocade, IBM…

• Interests:• Embedded systems (things, controllers, gateways…), communication

protocols• System architecture – both device and ecosystem

www.linkedin.com/in/vincentlefebvre

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Hype PeakThe Internet of Things

Source: Gartner

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Vision & Reality

Source: www.iot-a.eu

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What is the IoT?

a) The third wave of Internet developmentb) The interlinking of the cyber, physical, and biological worldsc) “The network of physical objects that contain embedded

technology to sense or interact with the internal states or the external environment” (Gartner)

d) An infrastructure to implement systems composed of:• Connected devices (consumer to industrial objects) in internet-like networks • Enabling information sharing and control via software• To realize new benefits (e.g. efficiency, services, health, safety, environment…)

e) All of the above

Source: TI

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Enablers • Hardware:• Computing power & memory (Moore’s law)• Miniaturization (sensors, CPUs, radios…)• Low power systems (dark silicon/always-on, batteries…)• Lower costs (sensors, open HW, cycles, bandwidth…)• Easier realization (open HW, crowdfunding, 3D printing…)

• Software:• Embedded system development ease-of-use (Yocto…)• Cloud computing (access to cheap & flexible computing)• Distributed storage and computing software (Hadoop, Spark…)• “Big data” Analytics software (Storm…)

• Networking:• Internet (IPv6)• Wireless networking (cellular, Wi-Fi, mesh…)• Mobility (smartphones… & apps)

Source: Sanow-tech-graphics

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Market Size

• 2015 connected devices > 2x people• 2020 Gartner-IDC estimates:

• 26-212 billion “things”• $1.9-$8.9 trillion revenues

• 2022 typical home: > 500 smart devices – Gartner, Sept 2014

• Huge value ahead for people & machines

• Metcalf’s law:Network value = k * connections2

Source: theconnectivist.com

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Market Segmentation

• Major sectors:• Consumer• Commercial• Industrial• Infrastructure

• Key verticals of adoption:

Source: Goldman Sachs

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Consumer• Connected homes

• Security• Energy use• Smart appliances• Smart Locks• Smart Lighting• Entertainment…

• Wearables: • Fitness bands• Action cameras, • Smart watches,• Smart glasses,• Smart fabrics…

Source: Alcatel-Lucent

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Commercial

• Shopping• Healthcare

• Remote monitoring

• Clinical care…

• Building automation

• Services

Source: Freescale Semiconductor

Source: Amazon

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Transportation

• Infotainment• Navigation• Safety• Diagnostics• Fleet

management• Energy savings• Driver coaching• Compliance…

Source: Intel

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Industrial

• Manufacturing• Resources

• Oil & Gas• Metals & Mining…

• Safety• Agriculture…

Source: GE Reports

Source: Vincent Lefebvre

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Infrastructure

• Cities• Traffic• Lighting• Parking• Waste mgt…

• Smart Grid• Meters• EV charging…

• Environment• Water quality• Pollution…

Source: Libelium

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EcosystemNo single technology provider can enable the IoT alone

• Components

• ODMs

• OEMs

• Systems Integrators

• Cloud Services

• Network ServicesSource: IEEE Computer 6/14

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Players

Selected businesses…

Rapid expansion

Large and small

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Architecture

Source: Industrial Internet Consortium

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• Embedded systems• Sensors• Semiconductors• Boards• RT software

• Gateways• Networks• Data centers

• Data Analysis servers• Storage

• User control• Smartphones, tablets, PCs…• Management and query software

Source: Plat.One

Physical Components

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Internet: Web1000s of bytes

Requires fullInternet devices

TCPIPv6

Internet of Things:

UDP

6LoWPANOptimized IP access

Device Layer

Huge overhead,difficult parsing

Inefficient content encoding

XML

HTTP

10s of bytesEfficient Objects Web Objects

CoAP

TLS DTLS

Efficient Web

Services Layer

Communication ProtocolsOld and New• Wireless: Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Cellular (2/3/4G) , Zigbee, Z-Wave, NFC…• Transport: IPv6• Application: CoAP, XMPP, RESTful HTML, MQTT, DDS

Source: Sensinode (ARM)

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Standards & ConsortiaPlenty to Choose From!

Source: eclipse.org

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Technology TrendsHistory Repeats Itself

• Sensors everywhere – like it or not• Smaller and cheaper, often combined

• Everything wireless – Wi-Fi & other technologies• Wi-Fi = 61% of traffic (Cisco); ZigBee, BLE get sizeable shares

• Low power advantage for chips in most objects• CPUs: mostly ARM for objects, Intel for DCs – blurring

• Even more distributed computing – Smart edge• Cisco coined “Fog” computing, moveable intelligence

• Industry consolidation & alliances accelerate• Innovation absorption

Source: MC10

Source: Bosch

Source: ARM

Source: fogcomputingexpo.com

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Barriers to Adoption: Security & Privacy• Security:

• Network protection against service attacks

• Identity & access management

• Data encryption (limited capabilities)

• Secure software/firmware updates

• Privacy:• Minimum necessary data• Encrypted• Data ownership

Source: ForgeRock

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Barriers to Adoption: Regulations & Standards• Do Smart Devices Need Regulation?

• Legislators around the world will consider need and extent• Technology evolution goes much faster• Country or local decisions – complexity from factory or field SKU configuration

• Several standards will coexist• Objects will speak in foreign tongues between industry silos• Translation software services needed to connect silos (gateway, multi-stack)

• Familiar obstacles… (e.g. wireless networking industry)

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TransformationCAUTION!Changes Ahead for People & Businesses

• Acceleration of efficiency & new ways of doing business will make & kill companies

Inside & outside the technology value chain

• Humans and organizations will reap benefits, but be under great stress from the fast pace of disruptive changes

Source: HBR

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Business Transformation Example

Source: Accenture

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Business Model Evolution

Source: Accenture

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Epilogue

• Everything is data…Every business is becoming an information business

• Lots of activity in progress, even more ahead…With usual pains and failures of new technology cycles

• And eventually, lots of business value…Until the next technology cycle

For further inquiries, please contact: Vincent Lefebvre, vclefebvre@gmail.com

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Ancillary Charts

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Primary Information Sources[1] “Imagineering and Internet of Anything”, IEEE Computer, Jun 2014[2] “Internet of Things, Making SENSE of the next mega-trend”, Goldman Sachs, Jun 2014[3] “Introducing Azure Stream Analytics”, Microsoft, 2014[4] “The IoT, an update”, Silicon Valley Bank, Apr 2014[5] “IoT 2014” report, Copperberg Research,[6] “Google wants to advance the IoT, offer grants…”, Paul Sawers, venturebeat.com, Dec 2014[7] “IoT, Demystifying the ecosystem – An investment thesis”, Yashwanth Hemaraj[8] “ABCs of IoT Consortiums”, Ian Skerrett, Eclipse.org, Dec 2014[9] “Internet of Things, an industry influence study”, Appinions, Jul 2014[10] “Android powered IoT”, Alexandru Iovanovici, Politechnica university of Timisoara[11] “Security in the Internet of Things”, Victor Ake, Forgerock, Nov 2014[12] “The unbearable lightness of M2M forecasting”, Mac Jadoul, ALU, Dec 2014[13] “Growth of the IoT”, www.theconnectivist.com/2014/05/infographic-the-growth-of-the-internet-of-things, May 2014[14] “Developing Solutions for the IoT” , Intel, 2014 – intel.com/iot[15] “Industrial Internet of Things, Driving unconventional growth”, Accenture, Jan 2015[16] GE Software

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IoT Growth

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IoT Growth

Source: Intel

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IoT in Retail

Source: Bosch

Source: Estimote

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Industrial Internet

Source: Bosch

A European view of the Industrial IoT markets…

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Smart City

Source: Cisco

Upcoming rain ->• Schedules adjusted• Traffic flow optimized• Road slickness

mitigation• Street lighting

adjusted…

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GE Examples

Source: GE Software

Some examples of how the powerful combination of big machines and big data can have real world positive influences include:• Power FlexEfficiency: Uses data sensors

and data science to produce up to 10% greater turbine power output

• Wind PowerUp: Produces up to 5% additional power for wind farms

• Flight Efficiency Services: Results in reductions of up to 1,600 lbs CO2 emission per flight and gains of up to 2% fuel efficiency using flight and operational data

• Rail Trip Optimizer: Produces up to 10% emissions reduction and up to 10% energy savings with a sophisticated optimization solution for rail

• Water & Process Technologies InSight™: Enables industrial companies to reuse municipal wastewater instead of fresh water to meet the demand for cooling

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The Power of One Percent

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IoT Reference Model

Source: Cisco Systems, IoT World Forum

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IoT Service Layers

Source: Intel

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Unlicensed Wireless Spectrum

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ApplicationProtocols

Source: Electronic Design, RTI, IoT Developers Conf. 2014

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IoT Analytics Pipeline Example

Source: InfoWorld

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Market Map: Enabling Devices

Source: Mooreland Partners

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Value Creation from Interactions

Source: Harbor Research

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Final Thought

Source: Alcatel-Lucent