Intro to invertebrates tz sp15
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Transcript of Intro to invertebrates tz sp15
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Shared Animal Characteristics
Multicellular Most have tissues and organs
Aerobic heterotrophsReproduce sexuallyDevelop from embryosMotileToday we will focus on invertebrates
No internal backboneCompare similarities and differences
through several basic features
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Symmetry
Radial symmetry: body parts arranged around a central axis
Bilateral symmetry: have a front and back end and right and left side
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Embryo Tissue Layers
Zygote develops into a mass of cellsPrimary tissue layers form
Simple radial animals have two layers Outer ectoderm Inner endoderm
Bilateral animals have a third layer, mesoderm in the middle
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Pattern of Development
Protostome: first embryo opening becomes the mouth Examples: flatworms, molluscs, roundworms,
arthropods
Deuterostome: second embryo opening becomes the mouth Example: Echinoderms, chordates
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Body cavity: Coelom
Cavity between the gut and the wall that is lined with tissue Cushions organs Helps organs grow and move independently
3 types of body cavities
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Acoelomate: no body cavity Flatworms
Pseudocoelmate: false cavity Partially lined Roundworms
Coelomate: true cavityHigher animals
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Animal Phylogenetic tree
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Sponges: Phylum Porifera
No true tissuesNo germ layersAcoelomatesNo symmetrySessile adultAsexual and sexual reproductionSpicules: made of different substances; for protectionCollar cells (choanocytes)-flagellated, create water
currentsAmoebocytes-digestion, secretionEpidermal cells-cover surfaceOsculum: largest opening for water
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Grantia slide
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Jellyfish Phylum Cnidaria
Radial SymmetryTwo germ layersSimple tissuesAcoelomatesPolyp and/or medusa stageStinging cells—Cnidocytes with nematocysts
Fluid filled capsule with thread
Nerve net
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Hydra-cnidarian example
Look at slides and live specimens
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Roundworms: Phylum Nematoda
Bilateral symmetryThree germ layers Molt their cuticlePseudocoelomatesCephalization with brainComplete digestive system (2 openings)Many parasites
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Roundworm examples
Ascaris: intestinal parasite, infects humansTrichinella: encysts in human muscles
causing trichinosisVinegar eels: live specimen
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Three germ layersCoelomatesBilaterally symmetricalJointed appendagesExoskeleton with chitinSpecialized segmentsCephalization
Phylum Arthropoda
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Arthropod Lineages
Trilobites (all extinct)Crustaceans (crabs, shrimps, barnacles) Chelicerates (spiders, mites, scorpions)Uniramians (insects, centipedes, millipedes)Today: dissect a crayfish
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Wear goggles, gloves, and lab coatsCarosafe safety proceduresPut specimens in correct containers
No gloves or paper towels with tissue waste
No unauthorized dissections-please treat specimens with respect
Clean all dissection equipment at conclusion
Important Dissection Notes