Intro to Genetics
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Transcript of Intro to Genetics
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Intro to Genetics
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What makes an animal the way that they are?
• Animals are the result of Feed, Health, and Inheritance (genetic material)• Feed is fastest to correct• Genetics last longest
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What is Selection?• Mating animals to produce certain
characteristics• Low Birthweight• Heavier Weaning Weight• Color• Horned or Polled• Temperment
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What is Genetics?
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So what are chromosomes?
• Are found in the nucleus of the cell• Rod-like in shape• Can be seen under the microscope• Carriers for genes• Occur in pairs• Sex chromosomes: male = XY,
female = XX
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What about genes?• Genes make up the “blueprint.”• Genes tell the organism how to look
and act.• Genes are composed of DNA.
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Genes are basic …• The physical and functional units of
heredity for plants, animals and humans• Every living cell contains 2 genes –
one from each parent• The unit of inheritance carrying traits
inheritable by offspring through reproduction
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What is DNA?
• DNA stands forDEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID
• The DNA molecule is important in the “blueprint” of all living organisms.
• Component of the gene that controls inheritance
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The DNA molecule …• Two strands wrapping around each
other• Resembles a twisted ladder• Described as a double stranded helix,
or spiral• The sides are sugar and phosphate
molecules.• The rungs are nitrogen-containing
chemicals called bases.
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Genetic engineering is possible because …• DNA is a fairly simple structure.• Scientists can alter the DNA of a gene
and the information that DNA contains.• Genes are organized the same way in
all organisms, so genes can be moved from one organism to another.
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So why do the rules matter?• Each new strand exactly copies an
old strand.• This prevents errors in cells or
offspring.• If the rules are broken it’s a
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Scientists are busy mapping• A chromosome map• For many plants, animals and for
humans• Chromosomal location for genetic
diseasesCystic fibrosisSickle cell disease
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And some more terms …• The study of inheritance is called
GENETICS.• The master blueprint for a living
organism is called a GENOME.• Biological research with DNA
combines biochemistry and genetics and is called MOLECULAR BIOLOGY.