INTRO TO BIOLOGY - Alderman Science Pagealderman.weebly.com › uploads › 8 › 1 › 0 › 7 ›...
Transcript of INTRO TO BIOLOGY - Alderman Science Pagealderman.weebly.com › uploads › 8 › 1 › 0 › 7 ›...
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KEY CONCEPT
Biology is the study of all forms of life.
THE STUDY OF LIFE
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The biosphere includes all living things and all the
places they are found.
biosphere = everywhere life exists
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Every part of the biosphere is connected with every other part.
The biosphere includes many environments. › land environments
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The biosphere includes many environments. – saltwater and freshwater environments
– portions of the atmosphere
Tidepool Estuary
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› Biodiversity generally increases from the poles to the equator.
› Biodiversity is greater in areas with consistently warm temperatures.
• Biodiversity is the variety of life.
Biodiversity is
greater closer to the equator.
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› Members of a species can interbreed to reproduce.
› There are about 2 million different living species have been identified.
• A species is one particular type of living thing.
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Biology is the scientific study of all forms of life.
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An organism is any individual living thing.
– All are made of one or more cells.
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› All need energy for metabolism.
• An organism is any individual living thing.
– All are made of one or more cells.
– All respond to their environment.
– All have DNA that they pass on to offspring.
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KEY CONCEPT
Unifying themes connect concepts from many fields of biology.
UNIFYING THEMES OF BIOLOGY
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A system is an organized group of interacting parts. › A cell is a system of chemicals and processes.
› A body system includes organs that interact.
› An ecosystem includes living and nonliving things that interact.
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Biologists study many different systems.
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Structure determines function. › Proteins with different structures perform different
functions.
› Heart muscle cells have a different structure and function than stomach muscle cells.
› Different species have different anatomical structures with different functions.
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Homeostasis is the maintenance of constant internal conditions.
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› Homeostasis is usually maintained through negative feedback.
› Negative feedback systems return a condition to its normal (set) point.
• Homeostasis is the maintenance of constant internal conditions.
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Behaviors and adaptations can help maintain homeostasis.
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Evolution is the change in living things over time. › The genetic makeup of a population of a species
changes.
› Evolution can occur through natural selection of adaptations.
› Adaptations are beneficial inherited traits that are passed to future generations.
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Evolution accounts for both the diversity and the unity of life.
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KEY CONCEPT
Science is a way of thinking, questioning, and gathering evidence.
SCIENTIFIC THINKING AND PROCESSES
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Scientists make careful and systematic observations.
• Scientists test their hypotheses and analyze their data.
• Scientists form a hypothesis as a possible answer to a question.
• Scientists record observations as data.
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Observational studies allow scientists to describe a phenomenon.
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Experimentals allow scientists to determine what causes a phenomenon.
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- Independent variables are manipulated.
– Constants are conditions that are kept the same.
• Experimental studies allow scientists to determine what causes a
phenomenon.
– Dependent variables are observed and measured.
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Theories explain a wide range of observations and experimental results.
A theory is supported by a wide range of scientific evidence.
Theories can change based on new evidence.