Intro QuestionsIn your opinion, what are some common

reasons people might revolt?What kind of person do you think typically

leads a revolution?Do you think a revolution is something that

happens quickly or over time? Why?Once a government has been overthrown,

how long do you think it would take for new leaders to establish a different form of government and make it run effectively?

Viva La VidaI used to rule the worldSeas would rise when I gave the wordNow in the morning I sleep aloneSweep the streets I used to own

I used to roll the diceFeel the fear in my enemy's eyesListen as the crowd would sing"Now the old king is dead! Long live the king!"

One minute I held the keyNext the walls were closed on meAnd I discovered that my castles standUpon pillars of salt and pillars of sand

I hear Jerusalem bells a ringingRoman Cavalry choirs are singingBe my mirror, my sword and shieldMy missionaries in a foreign field

For some reason I can't explainOnce you go there was neverNever an honest word

And that was when I ruled the world

It was the wicked and wild windBlew down the doors to let me inShattered windows and the sound of drumsPeople couldn't believe what I'd become

Revolutionaries waitFor my head on a silver plateJust a puppet on a lonely stringOh who would ever want to be king?

I hear Jerusalem bells a ringingRoman Cavalry choirs are singingBe my mirror, my sword and shieldMy missionaries in a foreign field

For some reason I can't explainI know Saint Peter won't call my nameNever an honest wordBut that was when I ruled the world

Section 1

French Revolution

Causes of the Revolution1. Inequality in the social order

Old Order or ancien regimeKing on top1st estate2nd estate3rd estate

King Louis XVIShy and indecisive

Marie-AntoinetteAustrianFrivolous and self-indulgent

King

First EstateRoman Catholic

Clergy1% of populationwealthyPrivileges

Only courts could try priests and bishops

Exempt from taxes including land (10%)

King

First Estate

King

First Estate

Second Estates

Second EstateNobility<2%WealthyFew taxesGovernment and

military positionsGrand estates

Peasants worked

Third Estate97% Bourgeoisie

Many educated and richMerchantsFactory ownersProfessionals (lawyers,

doctors)Artisans or sans culottes -

workersShoemakersCarpenters,BricklayersDressmakers

PeasantsPaid rents and fees to first

and second estates

King

First Estate

Second Estates

Causes of the Revolution1. Inequality in the social order2. Enlightenment ideas

Bourgeoisie American Revolution

3. Financial Crisis Debt from war Tax 2nd Estate to make up for it Natural forces

Meeting of the Estates General

Met due to financial crisisHad not met since 1614Each Estate had one vote

3rd estate = 97% of population, 600 reps…1 vote2nd estate = 2% of population, 300 reps … 1 vote1st estate = <1% of population, 300 reps…1vote

The 3rd estate was always outvoted by the other two.

They wanted the votes counted by number of people.

The Tennis Court Oath

Third Estate declared themselves the National Assembly

Locked out of the Estates-General meeting

Moved to a nearby tennis court

Tennis Court Oath – swore to meet until a new constitution was drafted

Storming the BastilleRumors circulate

through Paris that Louis wants to suppress the National Assembly

Mob attacks and seizes Bastille killing guards on July 14, 1789

Looking to seize weapons and ammo, but none there

End of the Old RegimeRumors and panic spread throughout

France that they would be stopped by foreign armies.

Great Fear: attacks by peasants taking place across France upon the nobility

The King ConcedesKing Louis refused to accept the National

Assembly’s decrees.Women stormed VersaillesThey forced him to accept the new decrees

The National Assembly Reforms

National Assembly adopts the Declaration of Rights of Man and the Citizen

Modeled on U.S. Declaration of Independence and English Bill of Rights

REMEMBER !!!!!!!!!!!!- Ideas borrowed from which

Enlightenment thinker?

JOHN LOCKE

Size of Versailles: ¼ mile

Cost of Versailles is disputed by historians. Anywhere from $2 billion to $300 billion

To Versailles, To Versailles (1789)

End of the Old Regime

Church ReformsThe Catholic church had been a pillar for

the social and political systemsFrance needed money so sold off church

lands (10%)The Church was brought under the control

of the stateCatholics became enemies of the revolution

End of the Old RegimeNew ConstitutionSet up a limited monarchy

King still thereLegislative Assembly makes the laws

25 or older men who paid taxes could voteWar with AustriaForeign countries felt threatened

Austria and Prussia threatened to use force against the revolutionaries.

Legislative Assembly decided to declare war firstBecause of the French loss, they placed all the

blame on the king

A Tale of Two Cities questions1. What was the Marquis main concern?2. How did he react to the people of the village? 3. What was the attitude of the people towards

him?4. What is the irony of the situation?5. How are the people of the village described?

What estate are they?6. Was the peasant’s action justifiable? Why or

why not?

End of the Old Regime

Paris CommuneDemonstrations arose due to losses in war

and food shortages. King and queen thrown in jail.Radicals declared themselves a commune,

and organized an attackWanted to pass measures for extreme

changeCalled a National Convention

Entering a more radical phase in the French Revolution

The Terror Grips France

France is divided: Not all people support all the changes of the Revolution

Uprisings occur in southern FranceBritain, Spain, & Netherlands join

forces against FranceMany external and domestic

threats to the Revolution

New Authority

Committee of Public Safety formed by the National Convention to deal with these threats

Maximilien Robespierre and George Danton = leaders (or dictators?)

“Liberty cannot be secured unless criminals lose their heads!” – Robespierre

Reign of Terror

Robespierre’s rule in which thousands of people are killed becomes known as the Reign of Terror

85% killed were middle or lower class

15% clergy and nobilityformer revolutionaries and

allies of Robespierre

The Reign of TerrorGuillotine- started as a

weapon of mercy; became a weapon of fear

anyone and everyone can be denounced as a traitor to the Revolution and beheaded

People start denouncing anyone

Rebellious cities in the countryside were mass executed as an exampleNantesLyon

The Reign of TerrorRevolutionary committees conduct hasty trials and issue

thousands of death sentences to “traitors to the revolution.”

Republic of VirtueRobespierre wanted a republic of “good citizens”“citizen” and “citizeness” replaced formal

“miseur” and “madame”Controlled the economic pricesReflect Roman Republic style of dress and cultureDe-Christianization

“saint” removed from streets and public buildings

Churches destroyed and converted into “temples of reason”

Christian calendar replaced with revolutionary calendar

Cult of the Supreme Being

Draft!

The National Convention orders emergency draft of 300,000 French citizens to reinforce army.

By 1794 it is over 1 million strongPushed back foreign armiesConquered the Austrian Netherlands

End of the Terror

Another change in governmentIn July 1794,

Robespierre arrested and executed

Terror results in public opinion shifting away from radicals

Evaluation Question

Is the use of violence acceptable to end oppression? Do the ends justify the means?

Support your opinion.

“Anarchy within, invasion from without. A country cracking from outside pressure, disintegrating from internal stain. Revolution is at its height. War. Inflation. Hunger. Fear. Hate. Sabotage. Fanaticism. Hopes. Boundless Idealism…and the dread that all the gains of the Revolution would be lost. And the faith that if they won, they would bring Liberty, Equality, Fraternity to the world.”

~R.R. Palmer, The Twelve Who Ruled

The Directory

New constitution after the terror ceased. 2 legislative house

Council of 500Council of Elders

electors- qualified votersExecutive, or Directory, made up of a

committee of 5Chosen by Council of Elders

Napoleon

Section 3 and 4

Napoleon became brilliant military leader and quickly rose to power

• In charge of French interior at 26

• Invaded Italy and Egypt

• Defeat by Admiral Horatio Nelson kept from newspapers

• Became national hero

Napoleon’s Rise to Power

Napoleon Seizes Power

• Directory weak and ineffective• Fear of royalists and of European

opposition• November 1799 coup d’état • France to be led by Consulate• Napoleon voted first consul, in effect a

dictator• Napoleon promised order and stability,

pledging to uphold key reforms. The French gave up some freedoms for peace and prosperity.

Timeline QuestionThe following events in Napoleon’s rise have

been changed. Explain how the events following could have been effected.

1. Napoleon lost to the mob of royalists in 1795.

2. Napoleon was unable to make it back to France in time to keep his defeat out of the press.

3. The coup d’etat in 1799 failed. Directory remains strong.

Radio Broadcast Requirementscreate a radio news story on the Napoleonic

Wars as if the events are happening. Each broadcast will include the following:

Description of the eventCauses or motivations behind itTwo reporters and a witnessOpinion on whether you think it was a

success or failure? Future prediction

PolicyEffect on Empire

Reforms of Church and

State

Economic Reforms

Legal and Education Reforms

Napoleon’s Policies

Reform of the Church-State RelationsMade the Concordat with the pope – recognized

the influence of the Catholic Church in France but it had no more control in national affairs

Economic ReformsEstablished a French BankEfficient tax collectionLegal and Education ReformsNapoleonic CodesOnly applied to male citizensHigh schools, tech schools, and universities set

up

Visual Analysis

How is Napoleon portrayed in each painting?What similarities do you see between the

paintings?What differences?What is the opinion of the artist about

Napoleon? How can you tell?

Nationalism

Feelings of nationalism were sweeping Europe

Nationalism- a sense of unique identity of a people based on a common language, religion, or national symbols

Fall of Napoleon

Decided to invade RussiaCzar Alexander I began to mobilize troopsTrouble from beginning

Lack of loyalty among troopsLoss of suppliesWeather

Russian troops retreated as Napoleon advanced

Won battle when finally clashed, but losses were very high

Russian involvement tortured troops. How?

Napoleon Surrenders

Russia, Prussia, Austria, and Great Britain allied

Formed troops to take on Napoleon’s inexperienced army at the Battle of Leipzig, Germany.

Terms of SurrenderNapoleon give up throneExiled to Elba

Congress of Vienna

Goals:People:Accomplishm

ents:

Congress of Vienna

Congress of Vienna

1. Pick one member of your group to be a spokes person.

2. As a group, pick two of your most important proposals/demands. Spokes person will present these as opening statements for the congress.

3. Reflection – Tonight, you are going to give your fellow group members the grade you think they deserve for the group work category.

1. Give the amount of points (1-10).2. Explain your final decision.

Napoleon

Section 3 and 4

Napoleon’s PoliciesReform of the Church-State RelationsMade the Concordat with the pope – recognized

the influence of the Catholic Church in France but it had no more control in national affairs

Economic ReformsEstablished a French BankEfficient tax collectionLegal and Education ReformsNapoleonic CodesOnly applied to male citizensHigh schools, tech schools, and universities set up

Disaster in Russia

Russia refused to remain in the Continental System, so Napoleon decides to attack

Marched into Russia, Russian army retreatsRussian army destroys supplies and food

along the way.Finally meet and battle, but Napoleon’s

forces weakenedForced to march back to Poland,

encountered harsh winter

ExileNapoleon faced foreign armies and lost

Paris captured and Napoleon forced into exile on the island of Elba

Monarchy restored in France (Louis XVIII)

Louis XVIII had little supportNapoleon escapes and returned

to FranceReceives much support from the

French peopleAustria, Prussia, Russia and G.B.

form army against NapoleonBattle of Waterloo (Napoleon vs

Duke of Wellington)Napoleon defeated and sent into

final exile on St. Helena island.

Final Defeat