Intro Pneumatic

7/27/2019 Intro Pneumatic

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Design of Pneumatic Controls

Do It Right The First Time !

PNEUMATIK


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The history of Pneumatics

APAKAH SISTEM PNEUMATIK

Dalam perkataan kuno Greek/Yunani.

Pneuma bererti udara atau nafas dan

Aktik bermaksud action/pergerakan(motion)

In a simple sentence

Pneumatics means the movement of air


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APAKAH SISTEM PNEUMATIK

Sistem pneumatik adalah :

satu cara bagi menggerakkan , mengerjakan

atau mengawal pergerakan denganmenggunakan udara / angin yang ditekan

(compressed) dalam peralatan sistem pneumatik

melalui saluran paip.


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Sekarang penggunaan kuasa

pneumatik amat meluas.

Penggunaan yang meluas dalam

industri.

PENGENALAN


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Compressed Air

The 3rd Largest Energy Source

Originates From The Atmosphere

Used in Every Industry


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Definition of Pneumatics

The use of compressed air in order to

generate force that can produce

mechanical movement

Penggunaan angin mampat untuk

menghasilkan daya yang boleh digunakanuntuk memperbolehkan pergerakan

secara mekanikal


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Applications ofPneumatics


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Applications

Packaging

Feeding

Transfer of materials

Sorting Stacking

Stamping and embossing

Clamping

Shifting Positioning


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Sistem Pneumatik.

Robot Pneumatik.


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Conveying

Sistem Pneumatik


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Conveying

Actuators used in

Pushing


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Clamping


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Punching, bending and sofa testing

Actuators used inMachining -

Forming

Actuators used

in Testing and

Quality Control


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Actuators used in Machining - Drilling


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Advantages

and

Disadvantages

of

Compressed Air


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Availability

Air is Practically Available Everywhere.

It is Available in Unlimited Quantities.

Mudah diperolehi

Mengguna udara di mana udara adalahmudah didapati

Dan percuma dan tanpa batasan

penggunaannya.


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Transport

Air can be Easily Transported in Pipelines,

even Over Large Distances

Penghantaran melalui paip


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Storage

A Compressor Need Not Be in ContinuousOperation.

Compressed Air can be Stored in a Reservoir and

Removed as Required.

The Reservoir can be Transportable.

Penyimpanan.


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Temperature

Compressed Air is Relatively Insensitive to

Temperature Fluctuations.

This Ensures Reliable Operation, Even

Under Extreme Conditions.

Suhu yang malar

Tidak sensitif kepada suhu


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Explosion Proof

There is Minimal Risk of Explosion or Fire.

No Expensive Protection Against Explosion is

Required.

Risiko rendah terhadap letupan


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Cleanliness

Unlubricated Exhaust Air is Clean.

Any Unlubricated Air Does Not Cause

Contamination.

Useful in Food, Wood and Textile Industries.

Bersih


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Components

Operating Components are of Simple

Construction and Therefore Relatively

Inexpensive.

Komponen ringkas and murah


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Speed

Compressed Air is a Very Fast Working Medium.

High Working Speeds Can be Obtained.

KELAJUAN


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Adjustable

With Compressed Air Components, Speeds

and Forces are Infinitely Variable.

PELARAS


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Overload Safe

Pneumatic Tools and Operating Components

Can be Loaded to the Point of Stopping and

Therefore Overload Safe.


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Preparation

Compressed Air Requires Good

Preparation.

Dirt and Condensate Should Not be

Present.


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Compressible

It is Not Always Possible to Achieve

Uniform and Constant Piston Speeds

with Compressed Air.

Kelajuan cylinder yang lancar dan tidak dapatdihasilkan dengan angin mampat disebabkan

oleh ciri angin yang berikut:kemampatan angin


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Force Requirement

Compressed Air is Economical Only up

to a Certain Force Requirement.

At 6-7 bar, and Dependent on the

Travel and Speed, the Output Limit is

Between 20000 and 30000 Newtons.

Daya piston melebihi 30,000 Newton


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Noise Level

The Exhaust Air is Loud.

The Problem is Largely Solved with

New Silencers.


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Costs

Compressed Air is a Relatively

Expensive Means of Conveying Power.

The High Energy Costs are Partially

Compensated by Inexpensive

Components and Higher Performance.

Daya piston melebihi 30,000 Newton


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In a pneumatic system there are 2 main things that

can be controlled:-

1) Pressure (the force generated at the cylinder)

2) Flow rate (the speed of the cylinder)

UNIT ASAS PENGUKURAN



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UNITS

PRESSURE = FORCE

AREA

BAR p s i Pascal

1 BAR = psi14. 5 = KPascal100

1 Pascal = 1 Newton

1 metre 2

Pressure

? ?

The units most widely used are.

Pressure : bar/pound per square inch (psi) /Pascal (Pa)

(1 bar = 14.5 psi = 105/100,000 Pa/100kPa)



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Components of a pneumatic system

Pneumatic elements

Energy supply

Input elements

Processing element

Final control element

Actuating devices

compressor

receiver/air reservoir/air tank

service unit

sensors

pushbutton

limit switches

directional control valve

logic elements

directional control valve

cylinders

1

2

3

4

5


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Compressed AirPreparation

1. Compressor

2.Recooler

3. Water and Oil Separator4. Reservoir

5. Dryer6. Filter and

pressureregulator

Design of an air generation plant

Compressed Air


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Atmospheric Air Details Air Quality Standard

Compressor Piston, Vane, ScrewEnergy Supply

Electric Motor

Diesel or Petrol Engine Storage Receiver

Filter

Drying Absorption, Refrigeration, Adsorption

Distribution Air distribution system

Service unit Filter, Regulator, Lubricator

Plant

Compressed Air

Supply


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Result

Dirty Contaminated Air In the system

Causing Pipework Contamination &

Damage Blocking Valves and Machinery

PROBLEMs


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Air Generation and

Distribution


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Air Compressor

Air is taken from the atmosphere and compressed using a

COMPRESSOR

Pemampat

Memampatkan udara daripada tekanan atmosfera ketekanan yang lebih tinggi


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Angin dari atmosfera dimampatkan denganmenggunakan Pemampat (Compressor)

Angin dari atmosfera disedut dari udara sekelilingmelalui motor dan angin dimampat oleh omboh bagi

mendapat tekanan yang diperlukan

Compressor


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Pemampat udara menggunakan motor

elektrik untuk memampat udara.

Compressors (Pemampat)State and comparing types of air compression:

a. Reciprocal compressors (salingan):

i. One level piston compressor and two levels piston

compressor (omboh satu dan dua peringkat)ii. Diaphragm compressor (jenis gegendang)

b. Rotation compressors (putaran):

i. Slide ram compressor (ram gelangsar)

ii. Screw compressor (jenis skru)

Pemampat


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Pemampat Salingan

Menggunakan gerakan salingan omboh(piston) dalamsilinder untuk memampatkan udara.

Biasanya udara termampat dihasilkan melalui prosesmampatan dalam satu peringkat atau dua peringkat

Pemampat satu peringkat menghasilkan tekanan yanglebih rendah daripada pemampat dua peringkat.

Pemampat(Reciprocating)

C d i l Pi t


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Compressed air supply: Piston compressor

The piston compressor is widely

used. Multi-stage compressors are

required for compressing to high

pressure. The drawn in air is

compressed by the first piston,

cooled and then compressedfurther by the next stage.

Reciprocating

Piston

compressor

Pemampat Salingan dua peringkat

Cooler


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Diaphragm compressor

It is the same as the piston but piston compressor is replaced with the installationdisks and diaphragm.

Diaphragm is connected to the disk and cylinder walls.

Air in and out only in diaphragm area only.

inletoutlet

diaphragm


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Slide ram compressor

This compressor is a compact, high-speed, free from contamination lubricants and

tend to have higher efficiency, but not as high efficiency reciprocating compressor.Rotary compressor can result in pressure between 400 kN / m - 800 kN / m. Ability

can reach 100 m / min.

inlet outlet

S C


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Screw Compressor

Pemampat Skru

Two-axle

Screw

Compressor

inlet

outlet


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Screw-type compressors use lubricating oil as a protection fromleakage. It can be used if the load applied to it does not change.

The problem of screw-type compressor is compressed air produced

with oil content, so they need the oil filter is installed in series is

divided output.

motor

inletoutlet

filter

Receiver/Pressure tank


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Compressed AirReceiver

Tangki Penerima

Menyimpan tenaga angin

Receiver/Pressure tank

Reservoir /Pressure tank/ Air Tube


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Tempat simpan udara/Penyimpanan sementara udaratermampat.

Menstabilkan/mengimbangi tekanan udara yangdibekalkan.

Mengasingkan kotoran dan bendasing yang terbentuk.

Pemeluwap yang terhasil akibat penurunan suhudikeluarkan melalui injap silir.

Tangki Penerima / Tabung udara

Reservoir /Pressure tank/ Air Tube

inlet

outlet

Pressure relief valve (injap pelega tekanan)

Relief valve (injap pelepasan)


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Menyejukkan udara supaya keluarkan kelembapan dan air

boleh dikeluarkan di peringkat awal lagi.Sebab udara yang

ditekan biasanya panas dan perlu disejukkan.

Helps in keeping cost low by engaging the compressor whenpressure level is low by means of a pressure switch.

pemampat angin akan ON and OFF dengan

bantuan komponen berikut:Pressure switch


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Pressure-relief valve

This tool is an air receiver installed at intermediate to soothe the changing pressure

in the system and ensure that the operating pressure remains constant.

Intro Pneumatic

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