intro of MAIRS - LCLUC...
Transcript of intro of MAIRS - LCLUC...
Overview of MAIRS Dryland Study
Monsoon Asia Integrated Regional study (MAIRS)
AilikunInternational Program Office
NEESPI/LCLUC workshop, Urumuqi, 15-20 Sep, 2007
ESSP (Earth System Science Partnership)
MAIRS is a new initiative of Integrated Regional Study under the leadership of ESSP. IPO is located
in Beijing, supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Science and Technology.
Vision of MAIRS
“To significantly advance understanding of the interactions
between the human-natural componentsof the overall environment in the monsoon
Asian region, and implications for the global earth system, in order to support strategies for sustainable development.”
MAIRS Interests: 1
MAIRS is focused on the research of monsoon climate changes possibly induced by the human activity, such as
land cover/use change, increasing aerosol emission
and water use change.
MAIRS Interests: 2
MAIRS is focused on the assessment ofimpacts of climate
changes to Land, water, air and ecosystem
services.
MAIRS Interests: 3
MAIRS is focused on the integration between naturaland social sciences, helping delivering the results to public and policy maker.
MAIRS Interests: 4
MAIRS is focused on the research of linkages between regional and global climate change
Coastal Zone
Urban ZoneSemi-arid Zone
Mountain Zone
Rapid transformation of land and marine resources
Multiple stresses on ecosystem and biophysical resources
Vulnerability of ecosystem due to changing climate and land use
Changes in resources use and emission due to rapid urbanization
Key Points of Each Research Zones
forest
grassland
Paddy field
grassland
Desert andGobi
Dry farmland
Semi arid
ChinaArid China
Highlights of MAIRS Semi-arid/Arid Study in China
Climate Change in China 1960-2006 (climate base: 1971-2000)
Temperature change based on the climate mean 1970-2000 Precipitation change based on the climate mean 1970-2000
Time series of Temperature anomaly 1961-2006Time series of precipitation anomaly 1961-2006
T increasing is more significant
in arid and semi-arid region
P increases in arid region, Decrease in
semi-arid region
Temp Preci
Temp
Preci
wetdry
Land use change in arid and semi-arid China from 1980 to 2000
Forest Grassland
decrease
decr
ease
decrease
incr
ease
incr
ease
increase
decre
ase
increase
decrease
increase
decrease
forest
grassland
Paddy field
grassland
Desert andGobi
Dry farmland
Land cover in 2000 Cropland
decrease
incr
ease
b) Wetness indexa) Palmer index
Trend of aridity during last 50 years (1951-2004)
70E 80E 90E 100E 110E 120E 130E 140E
20N
30N
40N
50N
70E 80E 90E 100E 110E 120E 130E 140E
20N
30N
40N
50N
Figure a-d from Zhuguo MA, 2007
70E 80E 90E 100E 110E 120E 130E 140E
20N
30N
40N
50N
c) Changes of frequency of extreme drought events ( 1990’s –1950’-80’s)
Semi-arid region becomes drier, and arid region becomes wetter?
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005-0.5
0
0.5
year
sun
light
tim
e an
omal
y (h
r/d) trend= -0.1/10a
b) Temperaturea) Precipitation
Climate change in Xinjiang
c) Annual pan evaporation
d) Annual sunshine duration
Change of soil moisture in XinjiangS
oil M
oist
ure(
0.1%
)
0
2 0
4 0
6 0
8 0
1 0 0
1 2 0
1 4 0
1 6 0
1 8 0
2 0 0
1 9 9 1 1 9 9 2 1 9 9 3 1 9 9 4 1 9 9 5 1 9 9 6 1 9 9 7 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 9 2 0 0 0
Pre
cipi
tatio
n(m
m)
0
2 0
4 0
6 0
8 0
Soil
Moi
stur
e(0.
1%)
5 0
1 0 0
1 5 0
2 0 0
2 5 0
3 0 0
3 5 0
1 9 8 2 1 9 8 4 1 9 8 6 1 9 8 8 1 9 9 0 1 9 9 2 1 9 9 4 1 9 9 6 1 9 9 8 2 0 0 0
Prec
ipita
tion(
mm
)
0
2 0
4 0
6 0
8 0
1 0 0
Usu
Soi
l Moi
stur
e(0.
1%)
0
5 0
1 0 0
1 5 0
2 0 0
2 5 0
3 0 0
3 5 0
4 0 0
1 9 8 2 1 9 8 4 1 9 8 6 1 9 8 8 1 9 9 0 1 9 9 2 1 9 9 4 1 9 9 6 1 9 9 8 2 0 0 0
Pre
cipi
tatio
n(m
m)
0
2 0
4 0
6 0
8 0
1 0 0
YiliAltay1980 2002
1980 2002 20021980
blue:Soil Moisture at 50CM
black:precipitation80 90 100 110 120 130 140
20
30
40
50
Xinjiang is becoming wetter under the global warming
impact, more researches are needed to get this conclusion
ShacheShache T_flux
T_flux
Wulanwusu
Wulanwusu PAMPAM
AkesuAkesu PAMPAM
TalimuTalimu BasinBasin
TianshanTianshan MountainMountain
1m2m
4m
8m
20m
-5cm-10cm-20cm-40cm-80cm
风速、风向空气温度/湿度
土壤热通量土壤温度/湿度
•辐射观测•大气压•降水量
Din
gxin
Din
gxin
PBL
Tower
PBL
Tower
BadanjilinBadanjilin DesetDeset
1,Wulanwusu (44.30ºN, 85.86ºE)
2, Akesu (41.16ºN, 80.24ºE)
3, Shache (40.2ºN, 99.44ºE)
Observing Sites in Xinjiang support by CAS key project ( PL: Z. MA, IAP)
correlations of real evaporation and pan evaporation at oasis of Akesu(By Hu, 2007)
y = 0. 2017x + 0. 02R2 = 0. 9989
0
1
2
3
0 4 8 12E_pan/ mm
E_re
al/m
m
Rea
l Eva
pora
tion
Rea
l Eva
pora
tion
Pan EvaporationPan Evaporation
Real evaporation is about 20% of pan evaporationReal evaporation is about 20% of pan evaporation
02468
1012
05-1
0-01
05-1
1-01
05-1
2-01
06-0
1-01
06-0
2-01
06-0
3-01
06-0
4-01
06-0
5-01
06-0
6-01
06-0
7-01
06-0
8-01
Dat e
E_pa
n(mm
)
0
1
2
3
E_re
al(m
m)
Epan aks Er eal aks
Pan E
vapora
tion
Pan E
vapora
tion
Observation errorsObservation errors??
Observing site in Tongyu(semi-arid) site, supported by
Chinese national key project (PL: C. FU and X. YAN, IAP)
Degraded grassland cropland
Tongyu, Jilin , Northeast china
净辐射
潜热
感热
地热
日均值10日的滑动平均
w/m
2
- 1 0 0
- 5 0
0
5 0
1 0 0
1 5 0
2 0 0
2 5 0
-2 0
0
2 0
4 0
6 0
8 0
1 0 0
1 2 0
1 4 0
- 4 0
- 2 0
0
2 0
4 0
6 0
8 0
1 0 0
1 1 - 0 1 1 2 - 0 1 0 1 - 0 1 0 3 - 0 1 0 4 - 0 1 0 5 - 0 1 0 7 - 0 1 0 8 - 0 1 0 9 - 0 1 1 1 - 0 1 1 2 - 0 1 0 2 - 1 0 - 0 1 0 3 - 0 2 - 0 1 0 3 - 0 6 - 0 1 0 3 - 1 0 - 0 1 - 3 0
-2 0
-1 0
0
1 0
2 0
3 0
4 0
R n
L E
H
T s o i l - 5
w/m
2
w/m
2
w/m
2
È Õ ¾ ù Ö µ1 0 ÈÕ» ¬ ¶ ¯ ƽ¾ù
0 3 - 1 2 - 3 1
2 0 0 3 Ä ê ² Ý µ Ø Ä Ü Á ¿ Æ ½ º â ¸ ÷ ·Ö Á ¿ È Õ ¾ ù Ö
Net radiation
Latent heat flux
Sensible heat flux
Soil heat content
Daily mean10-day mean
Components of energy balance of glasslandComponents of energy balance of Components of energy balance of glasslandglassland
Albedo with NDVI、EVI
grassland
grassland
cropland
cropland
11-1 12-1 1-1 3-1 4-1 5-1 7-1 8-1 9-1 11-1 12-1 02-10-1 03-2-1 03-6-1 03-10-1
mg/
m3 /s
-.3
-.2
-.1
0.0
.1
.2
03-12-31
11-01 12-01 01-01 03-01 04-01 05-01 07-01 08-01 09-01 11-01 12-01 02-10-01 03-02-01 03-06-01 03-10-01
mg/
m2 /s
-.4
-.3
-.2
-.1
0.0
.1
03-12-31
ÈÕ¾ùÖµ
1 0 ÈÕ» ¬ ¶ ¯ ƽ¾ù
Glass land
Crop land
CO2 flux in TongyuCO2 flux in CO2 flux in TongyuTongyu
Daily mean
10-day running mean
The location of key experiment areasThe location of key experiment areas
((The background is the landscape map of Heihe basinThe background is the landscape map of Heihe basin))
WATER project: Hydrological WATER project: Hydrological cycle research in catchmentcycle research in catchment--
scale supported by NSFC scale supported by NSFC (PL: X Li, CAREERI)(PL: X Li, CAREERI)
1. Cold region in the upper reaches2. Forest area3. Arid region in the middle reaches
Hydro-meteorological observations at Heihe River Basin
Cold regional hydrology experimentCold regional hydrology experiment
Airborne remote sensing experiment
Instruments Observation items
Microwave radiometer
snow depth, freeze/thaw of the upper layer of soil, soil moisture
Lidar snow depth, land surface roughness, DTM
Hi-spectral imager
snow area, reflectance of snow, snow grain size, and land cover type
• Precipitation: Doppler radar• Ground-based microwave
radiometer and spectrometer• Snow and frozen soil observations• Satellite remote sensing data
GroundGround--observing items in the observing items in the foci area of the cold regionfoci area of the cold region
RunoffAWSDoppler radarRadiometerSpectrometerFrost depthPrecipitationSnow depthSnow densitySnow grain sizeSnow temperatureSnow wetnessEvaporation and sublimation from snow surfaceSnow coagulationSoil moistureSoil temperatureSoil properties…… 花杆测雪点
Forest hydrology experimentForest hydrology experiment
Hyper-spectral Biophysical parameters and vegetation types
Multi-angle thermal infrared
Temperatures of soil surface and canopy
Lidar Canopy structure and NPP
• Precipitation: Doppler radar• Densified precipitation
observations• Densified observation for
forest hydrology• Collection of satellite
remote sensing data
Arid region hydrology experiment in artificial oasis Arid region hydrology experiment in artificial oasis and desert areasand desert areas
Hyper-spectral Biophysical parameters and vegetation types
Multi-angle thermal infrared
Temperatures of land surface and canopy
Lidar Canopy profile and surface roughness
Microwave radiometer
Soil moisture
• Simultaneous precipitation measurement• Simultaneous measurement of
vegetation and soil parameters• Intensive observation about weather
parameters, energy-water- biochemical components, groundwater dynamics and irrigation in some typical zones.
6-10 flights
6-10 flights
6-10 flights
Airborne missions
16Apr, 2006, Beijing
18Apr, 2006, Tokyo
10Apr, 2006 inner Mongolia
Aerosol study: Long Distance Transport of Dust Aerosol
80 90 100 110 120 130 140
20
30
40
50
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1500
1700
1800
2000
2100
Lanzhou
Tongyu
Comprehensive Observations at Loess Plateau supported by Lanzhou Uni. (PL: Huang)
Quote from J. Huang (Lanzhou University)
Preliminary Results: Semi-Direct Effect of Dust Aerosol
Reduce low cloud water PathHuang et al., GRL, 2006b
Correlation between dust storm index and ISCCP low cloud total water path
Correlation between dust storm index and ISCCP cloud optical depth.
SW Forcing-350
-300
-250
-200-150
-100
-50
0DUST CLD PCOD COD
Region
C sw [W
/ ㎡]
a)
LW Forcing
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
DUST CLD PCOD CODRegion
C lw [W
/ ㎡]
b)
Net Forcing-200
-160
-120
-80
-40
0DUST CLD PCOD COD
Region
C net [W
/ ㎡]
c)
Dusty cloud reduced Instantaneous net TOA cloud cooling effect by 30%!!! (By Huang, 2007)
Comparison of the averaged radiative forcing from the ten-cases at the TOA.
MAIRS New Initiative: Coordinated Observing Network in Arid and Semi-arid East Asia
National workshop of Integrated Study over Arid/semi-arid China, 27-29 Jun, 2007, Beijing
Supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Association of Science and Technology, National Science Foundation of China
Participants: Lanzhou University; Lanzhou University; CAS (6)(6)—Institute of Atmospheric Physics/IAP, Cold and Arid Regions Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute/CAREERI, Environmental and Engineering Research Institute/CAREERI, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources research/IGSNRR, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, research/IGSNRR, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Institute of Botany, Institute of Botany, XinjiangXinjiang Institute of Ecology and Institute of Ecology and Geography; Geography; Chinese Meteorological AdministrationChinese Meteorological Administration(7)(7)——GansuGansuBureau, Bureau, XiniangXiniang Bureau, Bureau, ShanxiShanxi Bureau, Bureau, NingxiaNingxia Bureau, Bureau, ShanxiShanxi Bureau, Bureau, JilinJilin Bureau, Inner Mongolia Bureau. Bureau, Inner Mongolia Bureau.
CoCo--Organized by MAIRS IPO and RCEOrganized by MAIRS IPO and RCE--TEATEA
Main outputs of this workshopIdentifying the key issues of integrated study in
Arid/semi-arid China
Building of “The Integrated Observation Network in Arid/semi-arid China” by using the existing observing stations.
Integration of ground observations on Land-surface processes, hydrological cycle, dust-aero and ecology.
Trying to have an joint enhanced observation period during Mar-Sep, 2008
This activity will be the national contribute to MAIRS program from China
Key Scientific Issues for Dryland Research
1) Relationships of global warming, climate change and aridity
2) Land surface processes and regional water balance/water cycle
3) Impacts of global warming,climate change and human activity to the ecosystem in the region
4) Physical/Chemical characteristics of dust aerosol and aerosol-cloud-precipitation process
70°E 80°E 90°E 100°E 110°E 120°E 130°E 140°E30°N
35°N
40°N
45°N
50°N
55°N
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1314
1516 AWS
1)Dingxi 2)Zhangye 3)Wuwei 4)Jinzhou 5)Steppe in Inner Mongolia 6)Pingliang 7)Maqu 8)Tongyu 9)Yuzhong 10)Akesu 11)Wulanwusu 12)Chnagwu 14)Xilinhaote 15)Qilian 16)Dayekou
Distribution of ground meteorology and radiation observing stations (17) in arid/semi-arid east Asia
70°E 80°E 90°E 100°E 110°E 120°E 130°E 140°E30°N
35°N
40°N
45°N
50°N
55°N
1
23
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1314
15
16
1)Dingxi 2)Zhangye 3)Wuwei 4)Jinzhou 5)Steppe in Inner Mongolia 6)Pingliang 7)Maqu 8)Tongyu 9)Yuzhong 10)Akesu 11)Wulanwusu 12)Changwu 14)Xilinhaote 15)Shache 16)Dingxin
PBL Tower
Flux PAM
Distribution of PBL towers (13) and surface flux (16) observing stations in arid/semi-arid east Asia
Distribution of soil moisture/temperature (16), ecology(5) and aerosol (4) observing stations in arid/semi-arid east Asia
70°E 80°E 90°E 100°E 110°E 120°E 130°E 140°E30°N
35°N
40°N
45°N
50°N
55°N
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
1213
14
15 16
17
Ecology
SMTMS
Aerosol
1)Dingxi 2)Zhangye 3)Wuwei 4)Jinzhou 5)Steppe in inner Mongolia 6)Pingliang 7)Maqu 8)Tongyu 9)Yuzhong 10)Akesu 11)Wulanwusu 12)Dayekou 13)Qilian 14)Changwu 16)Xilinhaote 17)Taiyuan
Design of Scientific Working groups
Team numbers Scientists involved
Land-surface processes Institute of Atmospheric Physics(IAP), Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute(CAREERI), GansuMeteorological Bureau of CMA, Lanzhou University, Institute of soil and water conservation,
15 senior, 20 young
Hydrological cycle in Basin scale (Heihe River)
CAREERI 5 senior, 15 young
Aerosol studies Lanzhou University, IAP, Inner Mongolia Meteorological Bureau of CMA, Shanxi Bureau
5 senior, 10 young
Ecosystem Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources research(IGSNRR), institute of Botany, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography
5 senior, 10 young
Remote sensing IAP, CAREERI 3 senior, 5 Young
Design of Implementing Teams
Team numbers Scientists involved
Calibration of observing equipment and data unifying
Institute of Atmospheric Physics(IAP), Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute(CAREERI), Gansu Meteorological Bureau of CMA, Lanzhou University, Institute of soil and water conservation,
5 senior, 5 young
Data collection and data Assimilation
IAP, CAREERI 5 senior, 5 young
Modeling IAP, Lanzhou University, CAREERI 5 senior, 5 young
MAIRS International linkages on semi-arid/Arid study
Tokyo Bay
1, 2 stations from Mongolia (CEOP Reference site) will join the IOP next year
2, India will try to have 1 station in semi-arid region joining the IOP
3, MAIRS IOP will conjunct with the Asian monsoon year (AMY/WCRP, CEOP/GEWEX) IOP (southern China and southeast Asia) in 2008
4, MAIRS will collaborate with NEESPI on land use/land cover change and its interaction with climate and ecosystem in the region, also welcome to join the IOP.
“Mongolia” (run by MAVEX)
since the former CEOP
semi-desert
□ Satellite imageregion
+ MOLTS points
“Northern Mongolia”taiga forest to semi-arid grassland
newly implemented
Taiga
grassland
semi-desert
desert
“ULB radar” (run by MAVEX)
since the former CEOP
updated CEOP Ref. site in Mongolia
Selbe river basin
Ulanbaataar
Thank you!
http://[email protected]